竞争力、交易机制与证券交易所变革

纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克近期实施的重大并购行动标志着全球证券交易所新一轮并购浪潮的兴起,证券交易所之间的竞争再度趋于白热化.交易所之间的竞争已演变为市场微观结构的竞争.本文认为有效降低交易成本应是提高交易所核心竞争力的关键所在,而改进交易机制、拓展产品服务以及调整组织架构可以作为我国沪深交易所降低交易成本、提高交易所竞争力的具体竞争策略.     

竞争力、市场微观结构与证券交易所变革

纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克实施的重大并购行动标志着全球证券交易所新一轮并购浪潮的兴起,证券交易所之间的竞争再度趋于白热化.交易所之间的竞争已演变为市场微观结构的竞争.本文对纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克的交易成本进行了比较,无论是上市成本还是交易成本,新兴的纳斯达克都比传统的纽约证交所更胜一筹.因而本文认为有效降低交易成本应是提高交易所核心竞争力的关键所在,而改进交易机制、拓展产品服务以及调整组织架构,可以作为降低交易成本、提高交易所竞争力的具体竞争策略.     

数据分析

证券期货市场收费再降20％ 继年内先后两次较大幅度降低交易手续费和市场监管费后，中国证监会于8月2日下午透露，沪深证券交易所、中国证券登记结算公司和四家期货交易所联手，将再次大幅度降低A股相关交易手续费；其中，沪深交易所费用整体降幅为20％，调整后的收费标准将从9月1日起实施。     

全球证券交易所的制度变革及启示

证券交易所作为资本市场的载体,是资本市场发挥功能的必要环节。从全球来看,证券交易所正在发生着深刻的变化,这种变化呈现出交易所相关制度的变革。当前中国证券交易所的基本特征是行政会员制和非竞争性,在全球市场竞争的外部环境和中国市场化改革的内在动力下,中国交易所未来的发展路径应该是行政会员制到股份会员制再到公司制,最后在沪深港三大交易所进行战略分工和与海外交易所建立战略联盟的基础上,形成符合中国市场经济的交易所运行制度。     

中国证券市场的层次化选择

多层次证券市场的界定 证券市场的层次性主要指其二级市场的细分. 证券二级市场传统上被划分为证券交易所市场和场外交易市场(OTC市场)两类.证券交易所市场是指在交易所进行集中竞价交易的市场,是证券市场的主要形式.股票交易所市场通常分为全国性市场和地区性市场.     

新三板与天津OTC市场简析

OTC市场是世界上最古老的证券交易场所。源自于当初银行兼营股票买卖业务:因为采取在银行柜台上向客户出售股票的做法,被称柜台交易市场。又因为这种交易不在交易所里进行,也叫做场外市场。在OTC市场交易的是未能在证券交易所上市的证券,包括:不符合证券交易所上市标准的股票、符合证券交易所上市标准但不愿在交易所上市的股票、债券等。     

竞价市场引入做市商制度的实践分析

一、海外竞价市场引入做市商制度的两种模式 1."混合模式"实践 所谓"混合模武",是指直接在竞价交易系统中引入做市商制度,建立混合交易制度,如巴黎证券交易所及此后的Eu-ronext、德国交易所等.     

国际

欧盟否决德交所与纽交所合并请求 日前欧盟委员会发布公告说，鉴于德意志证券交易所和纽约泛欧证券交易所的合并有可能引发欧洲金融衍生品市场交易的垄断，欧委会已正式否决了两个交易所的合并申请。公告说，若两个交易所合并，新产生的交易所将控制欧洲金融衍生品交易市场90％以上的交易量，     

关于我国推出ETF分期交易产品的思考

ETF分期交易产品是一种在证券交易所上市交易,投资期内交易双方关系确定不变的具有衍生品性质的现货产品.它吸收了衍生品的若干优点,又基于现货市场的交易结算体制,能够为投资者提供类似衍生品的资产配置和风险管理服务.本文首先对分期交易产品在境外市场,特别是澳大利亚市场的交易情况、产品基本特点进行了介绍和梳理;接着探讨我国交易所推出ETF分期交易产品的可行性和实践意义;在此基础上对我国交易所推出ETF分期交易产品的业务方案进行深入分析,包括业务特点、业务流程、风控措施、均衡价格等,以期在我国市场能尽早推出该种产品.     

纳伟仕登陆全美证券交易所

中国绿色农业公司纽约上市 3月9日，中国绿色农业公司在纽约泛欧交易所集团全美证券交易所挂牌交易，成为纽约泛欧交易所集团2008年对全美证券交易所完成收购和整合后，第一家登陆该交易所的中国内地企业，同时也是2009年在纽约泛欧交易所集团市场上市的首家中国公司。首个交易日，中国绿色农业公司收盘上涨313％，收于3．3美元。     

Non-synchronous trading and testing for market integration in Central European emerging markets

The paper contributes to the literature on integration of stock markets by addressing the issue of non-synchronous trading. We argue that controlling for time differences in trading hours of stock markets is important and show that time-adjustment improves estimates of market integration. We also show that using weekly frequency does not sidestep the consequences of the time-match problem but leads to significant loss of information. We show that the nature of integration of stock exchanges operating in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland with the stock markets of Germany, UK and US in the period 1994–2004 is very dynamic. Finally, the study shows that the autocorrelation of returns on the main market indices of these emerging markets have declined over time.     

Optimal order placement in limit order markets

To execute a trade, participants in electronic equity markets may choose to submit limit orders or market orders across various exchanges where a stock is traded. This decision is influenced by characteristics of the order flows and queue sizes in each limit order book, as well as the structure of transaction fees and rebates across exchanges. We propose a quantitative framework for studying this order placement problem by formulating it as a convex optimization problem. This formulation allows the study of how the optimal order placement decision depends on the interplay between the state of order books, the fee structure, order flow properties and the aversion to execution risk. In the case of a single exchange, we derive an explicit solution for the optimal split between limit and market orders. For the general case of order placement across multiple exchanges, we propose a stochastic algorithm that computes the optimal routing policy and study the sensitivity of the solution to various parameters. Our algorithm does not require an explicit statistical model of order flow but exploits data on recent order fills across exchanges in the numerical implementation of the algorithm to acquire this information through a supervised learning procedure.     

Knowing me, knowing you: : Trader anonymity and informed trading in parallel markets

In this paper we empirically analyze whether the degree of trader anonymity is related to the probability of information-based trading. We use data from the German stock market where non-anonymous traditional floor based exchanges co-exist with an anonymous computerized trading system. We use an extended version of the Easley et al. (J. Finance 51 (1996) 1405) model that allows for simultaneous estimation for two parallel markets. We find that the probability of informed trading is significantly lower in the floor based trading system. We further document that the size of the spread and the adverse selection component are positively related to the estimated probabilities of information-based trading.     

Does Trading Volume Contain Information to Predict Stock Returns? Evidence from China's Stock Markets

This paper examines empirical contemporaneous and causal relationships between trading volume, stock returns and return volatility in China's four stock exchanges and across these markets. We find that trading volume does not Granger-cause stock market returns on each of the markets. As for the cross-market causal relationship in China's stock markets, there is evidence of a feedback relationship in returns between Shanghai A and Shenzhen B stocks, and between Shanghai B and Shenzhen B stocks. Shanghai B return helps predict the return of Shenzhen A stocks. Shanghai A volume Granger-causes return of Shenzhen B. Shenzhen B volume helps predict the return of Shanghai B stocks. This paper also investigates the causal relationship among these three variables between China's stock markets and the US stock market and between China and Hong Kong. We find that US return helps predict returns of Shanghai A and Shanghai B stocks. US and Hong Kong volumes do not Granger-cause either return or volatility in China's stock markets. In short, information contained in returns, volatility, and volume from financial markets in the US and Hong Kong has very weak predictive power for Chinese financial market variables.     

Exchange trading rules and stock market liquidity

We examine stock exchange trading rules for market manipulation, insider trading, and broker–agency conflict, across countries and over time, in 42 stock exchanges around the world. Some stock exchanges have extremely detailed rules that explicitly prohibit specific manipulative practices, but others use less precise and broadly framed rules. We create new indices for market manipulation, insider trading, and broker–agency conflict based on the specific provisions in the trading rules of each stock exchange. We show that differences in exchange trading rules, over time and across markets, significantly affect liquidity.     

THE CHOICE OF TRADING VENUE AND RELATIVE PRICE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL TRADING: ADRs VERSUS THE UNDERLYING SECURITIES IN THEIR LOCAL MARKETS

We address two important themes associated with institutions’ trading in foreign markets: (1) the choice of trading venues (between a company's listing in its home market and that in the United States as an American Depositary Receipt [ADR]) and (2) the comparison of trading costs across the two venues. We identify institutional trading in both venues using proprietary institutional trading data. Overall, our research underscores the intuition that the choice of institutional trading in a stock's local market or as an ADR is a complex process that embodies variables that measure the relative adverse selection and liquidity at order, stock, and country levels. Institutions route a higher percentage of trades to more liquid markets, and these trades are associated with higher cumulative abnormal returns. We also find that institutional trading costs are generally lower for trading cross‐listed stocks on home exchanges even after controlling for selection bias.     

Stock market automation and the transmission of information between spot and futures markets

This paper examines the impact of automated trading in the stock market on the information transmission between the stock and futures markets. This issue is of particular relevance given the trend of exchanges to introduce automated trading. We focus on the Australian market as its institutional features and recent changes in trading systems have created an ideal environment for examining this issue. We initially find evidence of a substantial bidirectional information flow between the stock and futures markets. The paper then focuses on the period surrounding the move by the Australian stock exchange to automated trading. After the introduction of automated trading, we find a significant change in the information transfer process between the two markets. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that automated trading results in a richer and more timely information set which accelerates the price discovery process. However, the evidence is not overwhelming and alternative explanations exist.     

Stock exchange competition in a simple model of capital market equilibrium

This paper uses a simple model of mean-variance capital markets equilibrium with proportional transactions costs to analyze the competition of stock markets for investors. We assume that equity trading is costly and endogenize transactions costs as variables strategically influenced by stock exchanges. Among other things, the model predicts that increasing financial market correlation leads to a decrease of transaction costs, an increase in cross-border trading activity, and to a decrease in the home bias of international equity flows. These predictions are consistent with the recent evolution of international stock markets.     

融资融券能否提高交易所自律监管效率?

本文利用沪深300指数日收益率为样本,采用GARCH-M模型、EGARCH-M模型分析融资融券业务推出对我国股市波动性的影响,并以波动性为交易所自律监管效率的代理变量来进一步说明融资融券能否提高我国交易所自律监管的效率。结果表明:融资融券业务从试点推出到转为常规业务的一年半以来,我国股市的波动性有所减小,波动的杠杆效应减弱,表明融资融券能起到稳定市场的作用。同时也说明了金融创新工具推出和应用的市场化改革能够促进我国交易所自律监管功能的发挥。     

另类交易系统的法律界定

作为一种新型证券交易场所，另类交易系统是一种以互联网为基础的，依据一定规则自动聚集并撮合投资者委托买卖证券指令的电子交易系统。它属于场外交易场所的范畴，与传统交易所相比，其交易对象更广，交易流程更为便捷，交易规则特殊，同投资者之间的法律关系也不同。它的出现，不仅对传统交易所和中介机构的地位产生了强烈冲击，而且对传统的证券监管体制和证券诉讼也产生了深刻影响。本文在国外对另类交易系统概念界定的基础上，论述了其基本概念和特征，以期为将来我国另类交易系统的立法和监管提供理论参考。