物流运输绿色化的分析初探

随着经济的不断发展,环境的不断恶化,以降低环境污染、减少资源消耗为宗旨的物流运输绿色化越来越受到各国的重视。本文运用绿色运输、SWOT分析法等理论知识对当前物流业绿色物流运输中存在的问题进行了分析初探。     

论物流运输的发展问题

现代物流产业是在传统物流产业的基础上,利用现代信息技术进行货物存贮、交易、卸运的运作方式和管理机制,它将运输、存储、装卸、加工、整理、交通、信息等方面有机结合,形成完整的供应链,从而使物流速度加快,准确率提高,库存减少,成本降低,为用户提供多功能、一体化的综合性服务。     

物流运输的发展问题探讨

现代物流产业是在传统物流产业的基础上,利用现代信息技术进行货物存贮、交易,卸运的运作方式和管理机制,它将运输、存储、装卸、加工、整理、交通、信息等方面有机结合,形成完整的供应链,从而使物流速度加快,准确率提高,库存减少,成本降低,为用户提供多功能、一体化的综合性服务.     

珠海港集装箱甩挂运输研究与应用

为了提高运输效率,降低物流成本,集装箱甩挂运输减少了对汽车牵引车的占用,提高了铁路车辆和船舶的容积利用率。本文结合珠海实际,以珠海港为中心,开展集装箱甩挂运输研究,在运输方式上进行了有益的创新与实践,同时也将有效提高车辆利用率,并促进物流运作节能减排,助力珠海港口经济和现代物流产业的发展。     

汽车零部件企业物流成本分析

近年来,物流成本管理理念在国际上迅速发展,在我国也越来越得到重视,并且广泛运用于企业的物流成本控制。我国汽车零部件制造业的物流成本占销售额的百分之二十几,物流成本的高低直接关系到企业竞争力的强弱以及利润水平的高低。由此得出合理控制物流成本、有效减少物流费用,是提高企业经营水平和我国国民经济整体素质的重要手段。     

现代物流发展中应处理好的几个问题

所谓现代物流，是指最大限度地优化从制造者到消费者之间的运输和运输流动信息的分配，并利用先进信息技术和专业能力尽可能地减少商品库存、降低运输费用、加快交货时间，提高客户服务水平的系统。但由于我国对物流的专业研究较晚，物流的发展滞后，因而问题较多。     

新会计准则对民航运输企业收益的影响

经济学上的收益具有不同层次的含义。税前收益,是指尚未扣除所得税费用的利润;税后收益,是指扣除所得税费用的净利润;每股净收益是指净利润与股本总额的比值。本文中的收益是指税后收益,即净利润。民航运输企业的净收益由各项收入、利得、成本、费用、损失、税金构成，收入、利得使收益增加，成本、费用、损失、税金使收益减少。     

如何降低物流成本

<正> 现代物流被称为继劳动力、自然资源之后的"第三利润源泉",而保证这一利润源泉实现的关键是降低企业物流成本。物流成本的组成美国将物流成本划分为库存费用、运输成本和物流管理费用。库存费用是指花费在保存货物上的费用,除包括仓储、残损、人力费用及保险和税收外,还包括库存占压资金的利息。把库存占压资金的利息加入物流成本,这是现代物流与传统物流费用计算的最大区别,它把降低物流成本与加     

台湾运输物流产业发展课题分析

本文以台湾运输物流为主要研究对象,通过对运输、物流关联产业发展之探讨,就运输物流发展之外部环境以及台湾运输物流发展现状进行数据搜集,进一步针对台湾内部运输物流和国际运输物流之现状与面临课题加以分析,并在研究过程中,以相关单位访谈以及专家学者座谈会进行课题检视及意见搜集,以动态方式对运输物流外部环境变迁与限制所面临的课题和挑战以及台湾内部环境重要课题进行研拟,以此总结为台湾运输物流课题,作为未来台湾发展运输物流产业策略及政策研拟之参考。     

基于人机工程的物流运输三参数风险评估模型

电子商务快速发展背景下,物流产业得到了长足发展。物流运输在发展中,受到诸多因素的影响,常常会遇到风险,传统物流运输管理中,忽略了对风险的预测,往往采取事后措施,对物流企业造成了一定经济损失。而基于人机工程基础上的物流运输三参数风险评估模型,能够对风险发生概率、后果及重要度进行评估,帮助物流企业做好提前准备,有效规避风险。为了确保物流运输安全,提出了一种建立在人机工程理论基础上的三参数风险评估模型,并结合具体案例验证了评估模型有效性。     

Sharing the Market or Getting Closer for a Fight? Strategic Reaction to Reduced Trade Costs

Electronic coordination links markets that have initially been separated by transport costs, which in turn raises competitive pressure and affects incentives to differentiate products. We analyze private and social incentives to invest in a repositioning of products in a heterogeneous goods duopoly with two spatially separated markets. We consider both price and quantity competition to be able to distinguish between digital and physical products, respectively. For low transport costs, firms want to enhance product differentiation as expected. However, if transport costs remain close to prohibitive levels, they have an incentive to reduce heterogeneity.     

On the Impact of Transportation Costs on Trade in a Multilateral World

This article proposes to account for the differences in the importance of transport costs, depending on characteristics of trading partners. In a multiregion model of trade in differentiated goods we expect a smaller impact of transport costs on a country's exports as a share of importer gross domestic product (GDP) the more (less) relatively capital-abundant the exporter (importer) is and the lower (higher) production costs are as captured by GDP at given factor endowments and diversity, all else equal. Empirically, this requires four interaction terms in addition to the direct impact of transport costs when estimating log-linear gravity models: one with the exporter GDP per capita or capital-labor ratio, a second one with the importer GDP per capita or capital-labor ratio, and a third and fourth with exporter and importer GDP, respectively. The hypotheses are strongly supported by the evidence from a large panel of bilateral trade between 1970 and 2000.     

价值链视角下农产品物流成本控制与产业发展模式

目前,农产品成本不断增加是影响农民收入的主要问题。而农产品在物流环节缺乏必要的成本控制措施是导致其成本上升的重要原因。为了解决这一问题,文章提出了农产品价值链这一概念,分析了其特点以及对农产品运输环节成本控制的重要作用。通过这一理论,可以降低农产品运输过程的资源浪费,降低运输成本,减少中间环节,是农产品成本控制的重要手段。同时,传统的农产品经营模式也不利于其可持续发展。因此文章基于价值链理论,提出了农产品经营的新模式,即"品牌+标准+规模"的经营模式,以提高农民收入,促进我国农业的发展。     

Real Versus Tariff Liberalization: A Welfare Comparison Under Monopolistic Competition

A distinction between real trade costs (e.g., administration, border formalities, transport costs) and tariff costs is introduced into a standard monopolistic competition trade model. Driven by the number of firms, welfare under real trade barriers turns out to be lower than under an equivalent tariff barrier. Based on this finding, the paper shows that integration or rather liberalization measures (generating a certain increase in world trade) that reduce real trade barriers generate a larger welfare gain than integration consisting of a reduction in tariffs.     

International environmental outsourcing

In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of firms shifting stages of their production processes overseas. In this paper we investigate whether firms outsource the dirtier stages of production to minimise domestic environmental regulation costs—a process broadly consistent with the pollution haven hypothesis. We develop a theoretical model of international environmental outsourcing that focuses on the roles played by firm size and productivity, transport costs and environmental regulations. We test the model’s predictions using a firm-level dataset for Japan and do find evidence of an ‘environmental outsourcing’ effect.     

基于CPS的设备管理研究与应用

制造企业在智能制造改革过程中的主要目的是降低生产成本,提高生产效益,而当前生产设备的低利用率成为了制约其发展的一大重要因素。文章对制造企业当前面临的生产状况进行了分析,并将信息物理系统与企业的实际情况相结合,使用层次化的方法设计了一套设备管理系统。通过系统的建设,改善了数控机床的生产状况,使得生产设备得到了充分的利用,科学有效地提高了企业的生产效率,最终实现降本增效的目的。     

Multinationals: Too Many or Too Few?— The Proximity–concentration Trade-off

The paper builds an analytically tractable model that illustrates the “proximity–concentration trade-off” involved in horizontal multinationals. For low trade costs, firms are single-plant firms, for intermediate costs, some are single-plant firms whereas others are multinationals, for large trade costs, firms are multinationals. Because of the modeling strategy, the model is suited for a welfare analysis of multinationals. It shows that too many firms choose to concentrate their production in only one location. Also, for some transport costs, a reduction in transport costs worsens welfare.

The choice of technology in the production of fertilizer: A case study of ammonia and urea

The need to increase agricultural production has led many underdeveloped countries to produce industrial fertilizer domestically. A case study of the choice of technology in the production of ammonia and a nitrogenous fertilizer, urea, in the context of India, suggests that there is little scope for utilizing more labour in what is a highly capital-intensive process. There is, however, a choice between increasing energy costs and capital costs, which the Indians might exploit to reduce foreign exchange requirements. The paper then examines briefly some wider technological alternatives.     

Globalization, industrialization and urbanization in Pre-World War II Southeast Asia

This article uses new data to analyze the impact on Southeast Asian urbanization of globalization and industrialization in the world economy's core countries between the 1870s and World War II. Dramatic falls in transport costs and free trade, enforced, if necessary, by colonial rule, combined to open vast frontier areas throughout Southeast Asia to global commerce and create a handful of large urban centres. These cities, through linking Southeast Asian primary commodity exporters to world markets, grew predominantly as part of the global economy. Our econometric analysis shows that measures of globalization — in particular industrial production in the world core and international transport costs — are much better predictors of the size of Southeast Asia's main cities than domestic factors such as total population, GDP per capita, land area or government expenditure.     

如何加强企业的成本管理

企业如何降低成本,提高盈利能力,增强市场竞争力是企业生产经营中的一个重要课题。本文结合当前企业成本管理的现状,提出了一些成本管理的方法和措施。