完善城市房屋拆迁法律制度刍议

伴随着我国经济的发展,城市化需求越来越明显,大规模的旧城改造和城市化建设使房屋拆迁的数量增多,由此形成的房屋拆迁争议也随之增加,现有的法律法规在解决此类争议中凸显出越来越多的问题。笔者根据城市房屋拆迁实践,结合我国现行法律规定,提出房屋拆迁实践中存在的几个突出的法律问题已经严重地影响了房屋拆迁工作的顺利进行,希望通过完善法律制度来弥补制度设计的缺陷,完善我国的房屋拆迁法律制度。     

房屋拆迁与补偿的物权法保护

2007年是我国"钉子户"之年,在城市房屋拆迁中对被拆迁人个人利益补偿遭遇公共利益要求对抗时,我国新颁布的物权法却对公共利益的范围之界定没有明确的态度。如何借鉴国外相关先进经验,准确界定公共利益,是保障个人利益和平衡公权力和私权利冲突的关键。     

城市房屋拆迁现状及对策

目前城市房屋拆迁中仍然存在许多比较突出的问题,致使拆迁纠纷不断产生.问题主要表现在拆迁安置相关法规尚不健全、政府在拆迁中职能错位、房屋拆迁管理部门监管力度不够、司法保障薄弱、拆迁评估不规范、拆迂补偿标准较低、非住宅房屋拆迁难、拆迁规模过大以及历史遗留问题造成的房屋拆迁产权关系不明等几个方面.这些问题不仅严重侵害城市居民的合法权益,引发群众大量上访,影响社会稳定,也遗成一些地区和行业的过度投资.本文系统地分析研究了旧城改造中城市房屋拆迁安置现状和存在的问题及其形成原因,提出了针对目前拆迁安置中的主要问题的对策构思.     

浅谈城市房屋强制拆迁与公证

随着社会的不断进步，城市规划建设和旧城区改造步伐的加快，城市房屋强制拆迁行为越来越多，城市房屋强制拆迁中的矛盾亦日益突出，成为社会普遍关注的焦点。根据国务院颁布的《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》（以下简称条例）第十四条、第十七条、第二十九条等的规定，公证在城市房屋强制迁过程中成为了不可忽视的重要环节。本文拟就公证在城市房屋强制拆迁过程中的价值作用及注意事项进行简析。     

试论城市房屋拆迁行政强制执行程序

随着城市市政建设和旧城区改造步伐的加快,城市房屋拆迁矛盾日益突出,成为最易引发社会问题的一个领域。本文试图根据行政强制执行的基本理论和原则,总结城市房屋拆迁行政强制执行的一般做法和经验,来探讨规范城市房屋强制执行的程序和方法。     

浅析城市房屋拆迁中私有财产权的保护

在城市房屋拆迁过程中,由于公共利益的界定不明确、安置补偿费用的执行不到位、信息不对称等因素,对公民私有财产权利的侵害时有发生,因此,应及时、有效的解决上述问题,从而实现对公民私有财产权的保护。     

西湖区房屋拆迁代办服务处

西湖区房屋拆迁代办服务处（原为南昌市房屋拆迁公司西湖分公司）成立于1985年4月，1991年3月更名为西湖区房屋拆迁代办服务处，为全民事业单位。负责西湖区辖区内的房屋拆迁补偿安置工作，于1994年被省建设厅评为一级房屋拆迁单位，现有工程技术、经济、财务等中级技术职称人员12人。     

物权法视角下的城市房屋拆迁制度

在我国现代化进程中,房屋拆迁问题是一个不可回避的问题。在《物权法》颁布前,关于城市房屋拆迁问题并没有确切规定,只以国务院2001年《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》为主进行适用。本文探讨了我国房屋拆迁的现状及弊端,对《物权法》确立的拆迁模式的影响加以分析,并对现行房屋拆迁制度的完善提出个人建议。     

城市房屋拆迁法律问题——从重庆“钉子户”案件谈起

作为全国众多拆迁纠纷案件之一，本案之所以在全国乃至于全世界引起轰动，原因在于刚刚结束的第十次全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了《中华人民共和国物权法》（以下称《物权法》），人们都在密切关注着这部新的所谓的保护公民合法私有财产的法律究竟能发挥什么作用。笔者试图从该案出发，分析中国城市房屋拆迁立法、司法等现状，并就存在的问题提出建议。     

如何应对WTO争端解决机制的缺陷

乌拉圭回合谈判所取得的重大成果之一是争端解决机制(Dispute Settle-ment Body 简称 DSB),因其能确保更公正地执行裁决,故被描述为乌拉圭回合谈判协定的支柱之一。发展中国家比从前任何时候都更期待能在世界贸易组织(WTO)框架下更好地维护和促进自身利益,因而对新机制的期望使它们广泛认为争端解决机制是一个可资利用的有效工具。在任何国际组织里,政治实体的角色重要性和所起作用的大小总是与该国的经济及政治实力密切相关。发展中国家经济总量及其在国际贸易中所占比重相对偏小的现实使之在世界贸易组织中的决策能力、执行过程中的影响力受到直接影响。因此,了解 WTO 争端解决机制中几个与发展中国家相关的缺陷问题有助于了解机制运作规则,发现症结,趋利弊害。     

The WTO and the trade-environment conflict

The shrimp-turtle case and the angry reactions it produced both inside and outside the WTO are only one striking example of the explosive force with which environmental policy disputes can shake the world trade system. Given a world whose economies are more closely linked and where environmental problems extend over national borders, it is to be expected that interest groups increasingly concentrate on influencing the institution which is dedicated to promoting international trade, the WTO.     

The role of trust in buyer-seller conflict management

The present study merges work in the interpersonal relationship and buyer-seller literature to address how trust interacts with attributions to impact the effect of partner communication on conflict resolution perceptions in buyer-seller relationships. Understanding the processes underlying conflict resolution is important given that conflict is inherent in relational exchange and that conflict resolution is related to investments, satisfaction, and commitment. Results of the present research suggest that partner use of editing in communication (the ability to self-censor overreaction to negative behavior) influences conflict resolution efficacy of response through the process of responsibility attribution. Further, the combined influence of attribution of partner blame and trust is important in understanding conflict resolution efficacy of response.     

Nigeria since the civil conflict

It is now over three years since hostilities ceased in Nigeria and “Blafra” was re-absorbed into the Federal Republic. A sufficient period has now elapsed to enable one to judge the extent of Nigeria’s economic recovery from the ravages of the Civil War and to make projections as to the likely future growth and change of the economy.     

Making choices under conflict: The impact of decision frames

How do people make choices when they see two equally positive versus two equally negative decision alternatives? The cancel-and-focus hypothesis argues that when people see options in a sequence, they tend to overweight the unique attributes of the first alternative. This leads to the prediction that when both options are positive (approach–approach conflict), the first option is preferred more but that if they are both negative (avoidance-avoidance conflict), the first option is preferred less. Based on recent research, we argue that this finding may be contingent on an unrecognized compatibility confound with the decision frame of choosing versus rejecting. In this research, we argue that the choice biases predicted by the cancel-and-focus hypothesis will be more pronounced when the decision frame (choose/reject) is incompatible with the valence of the alternatives (reject–positive and choose–negative) because such incompatibility increases processing motivation. We report two studies with varying operationalizations of decision conflict which find that cancel-and-focus effects are more pronounced under incompatibility. Taken together, these findings suggest that conflict effects are better understood by accounting for the decision frame as well.     

Men as consumers of maternity services: a contradiction in terms

Research and policy on the consumers of maternity services have tended to focus on women, with service provision directed to meet their needs. It is, after all, women who get pregnant and give birth. However, since the 1970s, men have been encouraged to take up an active role in childbirth and, to a lesser extent, pregnancy. This has resulted in fathers becoming participatory in maternity services. In recent years, there has developed a greater focus on paternity and an awareness of the father’s experiences. This has led to an evaluation of maternity services and a desire to better address the ‘needs’ of men as consumers. This article examines some of the factors that have facilitated paternal participation during the antenatal period and birth, and some of the roles and responsibilities assigned to men. The recent debates regarding fathers within childbirth discourses, and what impact this will have on their experience of pregnancy, childbirth and status as maternity service users, are also discussed.     

The EC-US trade conflict over film and television software

During the recent Uruguay Round film and television software was a major field of conflict between the United States and the European Community, and it is easy to predict that this will continue for the rest of the decade. Are the markets for film and television software really dominated by American productions? What are the key factors in international trade and competitiveness? Which elements explain American success in audiovisual production? Are the European trade barriers, such as television quotas and subsidies, effective with respect to cultural or economic objectives?