客户重要性影响审计独立性了吗?——来自上市公司1998-2006年的初步证据

本文以我国证券市场1998-2006年的上市公司为样本，在控制其他变量的影响后，研究发现随着客户重要性的增加，审计师会更加谨慎，进而会更加倾向于出具非标审计意见。由此得出的研究结论是：客户重要性没有影响审计独立性。     

客户依赖、审计师独立性与审计质量——来自上市公司的经验证据

在我国审计市场竞争激烈的背景下,事务所容易形成对客户的经济依赖。实证研究发现,审计师对客户的依赖度越强,则事务所为上市公司提供的审计服务质量越低,这种关系在非"四大"事务所中表现得尤为明显;而在颇具规模与品牌声誉的"四大"中并未发现这种显著的关系。因此,应优化审计市场结构,鼓励会计师事务所做大做强,加强审计相关法律法规等制度建设,加大对会计师事务所违规的处罚力度。     

基于审计费用角度的审计意见购买研究综述

通过审计师变更向继任审计师购买审计意见或者以审计费用收买现任审计师是审计意见购买的两条重要途径。在更换审计师行为面临严厉监管的今天,相较于审计师变更,审计费用依然是研究审计意见购买行为的更直接和全面的视角。本文对国内外在审计费用与审计意见购买关系方面的研究思路和结论方面进行了整理和总结,试图指出该领域目前存在的研究缺陷及未来的研究方向。     

审计意见购买治理研究

审计意见购买是审计监管的重要内容,如何有效地治理审计意见购买是新经济环境下审计研究的重要课题。本文通过分析形成审计意见购买的背景和途径,来寻求治理审计意见购买的有效方法。     

事务所的任期、会计师轮换与审计独立性——来自中国A股市场的证据

近年来审计任期与审计独立性的问题日益受到人们的关注。我国也出台了有关签字会计师轮换的相关规定。本文以来自中国A股证券市场的数据,检验了事务所任期和签字会计师轮换与审计独立性之间的关系。我们发现,审计独立性将随着事务所审计任期的延长而下降,但是,轮换签字会计师并不能够有效地改变这种趋势。该项政策实施的有效性值得进一步研究。     

审计意见购买问题综述

审计意见购买是经济管理和审计制度中国内外所关注的重大问题。本文从审计意见购买的概念界定、审计意见购买的主要研究方法对审计意见购买的研究情况进行了归纳和总结。     

上市公司审计需求与审计独立性研究——基于我国2007年证券市场的经验证据

独立审计是基于审计相关主体的需求而产生的。审计需求对审计产品的质量有重要的影响,高质量审计的需求会促使事务所不断提高审计质量,从而提高整个市场的审计质量和审计的独立性。我国上市公司的审计需求对审计独立性又会产生何种影响？本文采用实证研究的方法,以2007年沪深两市的上市公司为研究样本,在国内外相关研究成果和理论分析的基础上对上市公司审计需求与审计独立性的相关性进行了研究。     

财务困境公司审计意见购买行为研究 ——来自持续经营审计意见的经验证据

公司持续经营是学术界和实务界日益关注的重要话题.本文从持续经营审计意见角度,对财务困境公司的审计意见购买行为进行了研究,结果发现:财务困境公司不仅会为规避非标审计意见而进行审计意见购买,还会进一步为规避持续经营审计意见而进行审计意见购买.相对而言,财务困境公司规避非标审计意见的动机弱于非财务困境公司,而规避持续经营审计意见的动机强于非财务困境公司.进一步研究发现,财务困境公司为规避持续经营审计意见而进行审计意见购买后,股票市场表现变好、可获得贷款增加,但经营业绩却持续恶化.这表明,审计意见购买虽可暂时帮助财务困境公司"摆脱"持续经营疑虑,但却会损害审计意见的决策有用性、降低资本市场资源配置效率.本文从持续经营审计意见角度,进一步拓展和细化了审计意见购买的相关研究,研究结论对于政策制定部门完善持续经营审计准则,以提高审计师对上市公司尤其财务困境公司持续经营风险评估的准确性,遏制其审计意见购买行为具有一定启示.     

审计师变更和审计意见的相关性研究

本文主要从审计质量的角度来研究审计师变更对企业和投资市场带来的影响。研究了审计师变更后面是否隐藏着企业为了一己之利的意图,是否有明显的证据表明企业变更审计师是为了购得审计意见,以维护审计市场的健康和提高投资市场中审计意见的可信度。这对提升我国审计市场的健康、证券市场信息的真实具有很大的作用,尤其是针对我国证券市场近几年来出现的一些舞弊现象能提出合理的建议。     

‘An Examination of the Ethical Commitment of Professional Accountants to Auditor Independence’

This research explores the relationship between work context and professional ethics. Specifically, we analyze through an online survey of professional accountants the degree to which changing work conditions have altered individual accountants’ commitment to the core professional value of auditor independence. We argue that certain changes in the condition of work have made some categories of accountants more susceptible to the logic of commercialism rather than the logic of professionalism. We find general support for this argument. We observe that accountants working outside of public accounting have a higher commitment to independence than do accountants working in the context of public accounting firms. We further observe that accountants in large international accounting firms (i.e. the “Big Four”) report lower commitment to auditor independence than do others in public accounting. And we observe that older accountants report stronger commitment to auditor independence. One finding, however, contradicts our general thesis. We find that commitment to one’s client does not necessarily result in a loss of commitment to the core professional value of independence. We conclude that changes in the context of work have contributed to the demise of ethics among professional accountants and suggest that further research be done to elaborate the relationship between client commitment and independence commitment.     

Auditor switching, earnings manipulation and auditor independence: Evidence from A-share listed companies in China

Based on data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 1999 and 2004, this paper examines the causes of auditor switching and its effects on the independence of successive auditors from the perspective of earnings manipulation. Results show that: (1) listed companies manipulate their earnings through replacing their auditor and the successive auditor fails to exercise necessary prudence; (2) for companies reporting profit in the year of auditor change, the formerly low discretionary accruals usually increase significantly after the switch mostly resulting from assets devaluation and adjustments to non-recurring items; (3) In contrast, for companies reporting losses in the year of auditor change, they take a “big bath” to adjust lower earnings of the same year. These findings indicate that auditor change is related to the conservatism of predecessor auditors and it damages the independence of successive auditors.      

Ownership Differences,Auditor Reputation,and Debt Financing: Evidence from China

This research examines whether “the paradox of auditor reputation” exists in China’s private debt market. Two types of hypotheses are developed to explain the “paradox” in terms of ownership differences. Our findings suggest: (1) by retaining big name auditors, non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) significantly reduce the cost of debt and lower financial constraints; (2) For the non-SOEs, the effect of auditor reputation on the cost of debt and financial constraints declines over time due to the accumulation of these firms’ own reputation; (3) SOEs are more sensitive to the interest rate of bank loans than their counterparts, implying their stronger bargaining power when negotiating with potential creditors than non-SOEs due to their government connections. However, SOEs’ government connections weaken the informational role of auditors and firm reputation on signaling debt market; and (4) Corporate governance is taken into consideration by creditors as an important indicator of solvency. Further investigation demonstrates that after controlling for firm size, operating cash flow, profitability and leverage ratio, the possibility of hiring big name auditors by the younger and median-aged group of non-SOEs is considerably higher than “elder” non-SOEs. Moreover, poor-performing SOEs have greater incentives to make use of their government connections in their bargaining for lower debt cost, as compared with their well-performing peers.     

博彩型收益的时变性分析——来自中国股票市场的经验证据

基于多种常用的博彩型股票识别指标,本文利用马尔科夫区制转移模型和投资者情绪指数,在对中国股市进行"风险-收益"和情绪两种状态划分的基础上,对比考察中国股市博彩型收益的时变性及其原因。研究结果表明:无论是基于"风险-收益",还是投资者情绪对股市状态进行划分,博彩型收益都表现出明显的时变性,即博彩型收益在牛市和高情绪期之后更为明显,而在熊市和低情绪期之后相对较弱。虽然各指标识别结果有所不同,但均表现出不同"风险-收益"下的博彩型收益与其他类型股票收益的差异要大于不同情绪状态下的收益差。博彩型收益主要源于投资者的非理性所导致的博彩型股票误定价。     

Adaptive Market Hypothesis: Evidence from the Ghanaian Stock Market

This study examines the return predictability of two indices – the GSEALSH index and the GSEFSII index on the Ghana stock market. We compare results from analyzing the return series between January 4, 2011 and August 28, 2015 using the generalized spectral test, the automatic portmanteau Box-Pierce test and the wild-bootstrapped automatic variance ratio test. A rolling window approach is used to track whether returns are predictable or not through time. It was observed that the GSEALSH index was more highly predictable than the GSEFSII index in all the three tests. The results obtained are consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.     

Technical Analysis Profitability Without Data Snooping Bias: Evidence from Chinese Stock Market

We perform a comprehensive analysis on the profitability of a large number of technical analysis based trading rules in Chinese stock market. To counter data snooping bias, we employ a stepwise superior predictive ability test to identify genuinely profitable trading rules among more than 28,000 technical signals. Using 19 years of daily data on Chinese aggregate stock market return, we find substantial evidence on the profitability of technical trading rules measured by either the market timing ability or Sharpe ratio gain. Our results on the profitability of technical rules hold during different subperiods and remain valid under the presence of transaction costs.     

Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from India

In this article, the authors probe the role of irrational investor sentiment in the determination of Indian stock market volatility. The authors developed a new irrational aggregate sentiment index (IASI) to examine the issue. The conditional volatility is extracted from the nonlinear univariate models for the market indices and the IASI. The vector autoregression (VAR) is carried out to analyze the relationship between the volatility of irrational aggregate sentiment index and stock market volatility. The authors find a unidirectional causality from sentiment to stock market volatility, and their findings highlight the significance of sentiment in explaining the stock market volatility in India.     

证券交易税对市场波动性的影响:来自中国股市的证据

本文运用ARCH族模型检验了2001年股票交易印花税税率降低对沪、深股市波动性的影响,为有关证券交易税对市场波动性影响的讨论增添了一个来自新兴市场的证据。计量结果表明,该次税率变动对沪市波动性的影响在统计上是不显著的;深市的波动性在税率降低后虽然有统计上显著的增加,但是这个变化太小,没有实际意义。我们的研究结果表明,对于像中国股市这类市场结构和市场制度处于变化之中的新兴市场,如果试图通过调整证券交易税税率这类显性的交易成本来影响市场波动性,其效果是有限的。     

International Stock Market Linkages and Spillovers: Evidence from Three Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT

Using a multivariate exponential generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (M-EGARCH) model, this study examines price and volatility spillovers and response asymmetries between the equity markets of the United States and Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Our results vary depending on the openness of the country in terms of international trade. Evidence indicates that there are price and volatility spillovers from the United States to Mexico and Chile and but not to Brazil. In addition, our results indicate response asymmetries for Mexico and Chile, suggesting that the Mexican and Chilean markets are more sensitive to negative innovations originating from other markets than to positive innovations.

RESUMEN. Este estudio examina contagios de precio y volatilidad, y respuestas asimétricas entre los mercados de capital de Estados Unidos y Brasil, Chile y México, fundándose en un modelo exponencial generalizado multivariado, con un condicionante autoregresivo heteroscedástico (M-EGARCH). Los resultados obtenidos varían, dependiente del nivel de apertura de un país en lo que concierne al comercio internacional. Las pruebas indican que existen contagios de precio y volatilidades desde los Estados Unidos hacia México y Chile, pero no hacia Brasil. Además, los resultados también indican asimetrías de respuesta para México y Chile, sugiriendo que estos dos mercados son más sensibles a las innovaciones negativas que se originan en otros mercados, que a las innovaciones positivas.

RESUMO. Usando um modelo condicionalmente heterocedástico, autoregressivo, generalizado, exponencial e multivariado (M-EGARCH), este estudo examina contágios de preços e volatilidade, e assimetrias de resposta entre mercados de ações dos EUA e Brasil, Chile e México. Nossos resultados variam, dependendo da abertura do país em termos de comércio internacional. Os dados indicam que existem contágiosde preço e volatilidade dos EUA para o México e Chile, mas não para o Brasil. Além disso, nossos resultados indicam assimetrias de resposta para o México e Chile, sugerindo que estes mercados são mais sensíveis a inovações negativas originárias de outros mercados do que a inovações positivas.