浅议传统零售业与网上零售业

文章从网上零售业自身的优势和劣势出发，探讨了网上零售业和传统零售业的关系。指出网上零售业不是一种新兴的业态，不可能取代传统零售业，而只是传统零售业的补充形式而己，并且网上零售与传统零售己经出现相互融合的趋势。     

外资零售业市场准入与发展我国零售业的对策

经济的繁荣与发展,带来了诸多的行业集成化和规模化的发展。零售业作为一个自古以来就有的行业,随着经济水平的不断发展也在不断地演变。在当前的市场经济条件下,零售业已经作为一个行业蓬勃地发展并壮大起来。我国零售业的发展与外资零售业的进入是一个相伴随的过程,外资零售业对我国零售市场的冲击也促进了我国零售业的发展。本文所要探讨的内容就是外资零售业在我国的市场准入以及在新时期我国的零售企业应当如何应对。     

我国零售业现状分析及零售业企业的发展对策建议

随着经济的发展,我国零售业市场出现了多种零售业态,内资企业间及内资企业与外资企业间展开了激烈的竞争。为了应对加入WTO和外资零售企业带来的冲击,对我国零售业企业提出了利用本土化优势、发展农村市场、进行企业联合、加强技术手段的应用和发展自有品牌的对策建议。     

日本零售业的发展对我国零售业发展的启示

外资零售业的进入,是影响我国零售业未来发展态势和我国本土零售企业经营状况的一个关键因子。外资零售业在华的扩张一方面让我们消费者享受到更多的实惠和优质服务,另一方面却给本土零售业带来了巨大的冲击。本文主要通过分析了日本零售业的发展以及经营的特点,从而对我国的零售业产生一定的启示作用。     

零售业发展的现状和推进策略

近年来,我国零售业实现了快速发展,培育出一批具有全国知名度的零售企业。而随着我国零售业的放开,国际零售巨头进入中国市场,国内零售业竞争将更加激烈,我国零售企业的改革与创新势在必行。本文在分析我国零售业的现状与存在的问题的基础上,提出了推进我国零售业发展的策略,尝试为我国零售业发展与国际化进程提供有益建议。     

世界零售业与我国零售业的发展趋势

全球经济的加快增长为零售业的发展提供了良好的经济环境和动力,世界人口的增长为零售业的发展提供了广阔的需求和发展空间。中国消费品市场蕴藏着巨大的潜力,零售业在中国市场的发展空间非常广阔。但我国的零售业与外国相比,还存在着明显的差距,应针对我国零售业与我国零售企业竞争的劣势,采取相应措施,使其做大做强。     

我国零售业发展的战略选择

我国政府已经取消在华外资企业零售经营中的种种限制,国外零售企业加速了在我国扩张的脚步,我国零售业面临着更为激烈的竞争。中国零售业与发达国家的零售业存在管理和产业环境的差距,规模和效益无法相比拟,营销差距很大,融资难度不同。     

零售业连锁经营现状及对策分析

自上个世纪90年代以来,随着中国经济的迅速崛起,零售业连锁经营的方针政策发生着改变,使得中国零售业连锁经营发展速度也在不断的加快。同时国际零售企业也进入我国零售市场,我国零售业连锁经营在与外国零售业进行市场竞争时受到了巨大的挑战,并逐渐系那是出诸多不足和问题。所以,本文在分析我国零售业连锁经营发展中的现状以及存在的问题后,提出了相应的对策。     

本土零售业与外资零售业的物流管理比较研究

本文首先阐明了研究本土零售业和外资零售业的重要意义,结合3S1L原则和国内物流系统评价标准,分析我国本土零售企业与外资零售企业之间差距,最后对本土零售业物流的发展提出建议。     

零售业上市公司的收益质量评价

零售行业关系着国计民生的命脉,是经济发展的晴雨表。本文在前人研究的基础上,选取适合评价零售业企业收益质量的财务指标,对沪深股市2010年零售业上市公司的收益质量进行因子分析,建立收益质量的综合得分模型,从零售业总体收益情况,分析我国零售业的发展状况,并进一步分析了国营零售企业与民营零售企业的收益情况,并针对我国零售业的发展给予了建议。     

Retailers׳ expansion mode choice in foreign markets: Antecedents for expansion mode choice in the light of internationalization theories

Whenever a retail company expands its store network in a foreign market, decisions have to be made about how this can be achieved. Existing studies of retail internationalization have usually analyzed the “entry mode” choice as an end in itself, and not as the start of a firm׳s international development. In addition, there is much debate in the academic literature about the antecedents for retail foreign operation mode choice and the relevance of generic internationalization theories to international retailing. Therefore, the objectives of this research are (1) to investigate the paths of entry and subsequent expansion modes pursued by retailers in international markets and (2) to develop and test a model of expansion mode antecedents in the light of generic business internationalization theories. This is achieved on the basis of data collected from 43 French fashion retailers and a PLS-SEM approach. Results show that (1) retailers clearly differentiate between entry and expansion modes; (2) the international marketing plan, the perceived attractiveness of the foreign market, and strategic and ownership conditions are the key antecedents for the choice of an expansion mode. After comparing the results with the explanations proposed by the generic internationalization theories, a multi-theoretical framework is proposed which draws from the Uppsala internationalization process model, network theory and the born-global theory. The findings provide a wealth of information for retailers׳ use in choosing appropriate foreign operation modes.     

零售业国际化发展的趋势和我国企业的对策

目前,国际化发展已经成为世界零售业的一大趋势,国际化经营可以优化资源配置,提高国际竞争力,是零售企业实现规模经营的重要途径。加入WTO后,我国承诺2 0 0 4年底要全面开放零售业。我国零售商业在国际化浪潮中面临着严峻的挑战。我们要把国内、外零售企业进行对比分析,找出差距,才能制定出相应的措施     

Retailer internationalization: overcoming barriers to expansion

This paper develops an understanding of the barriers to retailer foreign market expansion focusing on SME retail firms. A qualitative methodology was adopted to obtain a holistic understanding of the key barriers to international expansion experienced by retailers from both the firm and industry-level perspectives. In light of the findings from the case companies and industry organizations in this study, the paper concludes that the main barriers to foreign market expansion experienced by SME UK retailers, both at the entry and growth stages, comprise internal and external factors. This paper not only provides an understanding of the barriers encountered by SME retailers but also considers how such problems may be overcome.     

提升我国零售企业竞争力 发展大型连锁零售企业集团

当前我国零售企业的现状与国民经济快速发展的要求很不相称。我国加入WTO后,零售业竞争加剧,提升我国零售企业竞争力,发展大型连锁零售企业集团已是当务之急。我国要利用当前发展大型零售企业的有利条件。制定出国内零售企业提升竞争力的途径。     

Traces of foreign retailers – local knowledge-spillovers and strategy adaption within retail internationalization

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s certain retail companies have evolved into some of the largest and most dispersed transnational corporations worldwide. However, within the ‘new era of retail distribution’ retailers are increasingly divesting from foreign markets. This study addresses these recent and under-explored dynamics by revealing the traces transnational retail corporations leave after divesting from a country. It explores the aspect of learning of host market retailers from entering transnational corporations (TNCs) and examines how foreign knowledge is adjusted in the business strategies of these local actors. It takes a fresh empirical slant using qualitative interviews with host market retail managers including former TNCs’ subsidiaries operating under domestic ownership. The emerging economy of Turkey serves as an empirical example. The paper finds that foreign retailers transfer firm-specific resources to the local retail through (1) demonstration and imitation, (2) vertical linkages with suppliers, (3) joint ventures and acquisitions, and (4) labor turnover of TNC trained staff. Certain successful local companies adjust the foreign knowledge based on their local knowledge and strengths, their high level of flexibility and deep territorial embeddedness, and create ‘hybrid’ business strategies. These findings suggest that dynamic capabilities are crucial to successful retailing in an international competitive environment. TNC managers should work with local staff in partnerships of equals and managers of locally operating companies should incorporate new knowledge by hiring TNC trained staff.     

Expansion of Japanese Retailers Overseas

Abstract

There have been a number of studies of foreign retail entry into Japan but few that consider the moves of Japanese retailers to other Asian countries. Nonetheless expansion into Asia of Japanese retailers, notably since the early 1990s, has been considerable. Many have been attracted by the large size of several national markets. Large Japanese trading houses have played a significant direct and indirect role in the international moves of Japanese retailers. China has become the major place of investment for Japanese retailers with 21 retail companies established by Japanese firms. The history of the internationalisation of Japanese retailing shows three phases of development. A first phase is characterised by department stores, a second phase is a slowing of activity in the late 1990s and a third phase of rapid expansion is presently evident. The key to the current phase is the establishment and strength of non-retail supply firms in the same East Asian region into which retailers wish to expand.     

中国零售业创新研究

中国零售业在近20年的快速发展过程中取得了令人瞩目的成绩。自从2004年零售业全面对外资开放以来,越来越多的外资零售企业进入中国市场,给国内零售企业带来了很大的竞争压力。单纯地依靠学习、借鉴、模仿国外零售业的发展方式已经不能适应当下激烈的市场竞争,因此零售业的创新迫在眉睫。通过对国内零售业现状进行分析,阐明创新对于国内零售业的重要性以及应该走何种创新之路。     

我国零售业保护期结束后的竞争态势

随着零售业保护期的结束,我国零售业将处于一种前所未有过的竞争态势之中。零售业的彻底对外开放,关系着我国整体零售行业的发展。我们应看到外商的进入,对我国零售行业既是一种挑战,也是一种机遇。我国零售业如何面对这种对外资零售业全面放开的现实,去迎接挑战,本文结合我国目前最大的零售商"联华超市"的经营发展状况,与第二大洋巨头"家乐福"进行具体比较,以获启示。     

The role of business support organisations in the process of retailer internationalisation

In the field of international retail research, there has been little attention paid to the role of business support organisations in the process of internationalisation. Given the barriers to foreign market expansion, the focus of this study is to investigate the importance of facilitating factors, in the form of business support organisations, which can assist retailers in the process of international expansion. A qualitative research methodology was employed and the findings provide evidence relating to three important areas: firstly, the types of business support programmes available to retailers seeking to internationalise from the UK, secondly, the barriers encountered by retail companies expanding overseas, and thirdly, how government and private organisations can assist in helping retailers overcome these hurdles.     

The Effects of Retail Banner Standardization on the Performance of Global Retailers

Global retailers often face an important decision about the extent to which they should standardize or adapt their retail banners, a choice that the authors refer to as retail banner standardization (RBS). Drawing on the international marketing and retailing literatures, this study investigates how RBS affects the performance of global retailers in a longitudinal sample of 69 global retailers from multiple countries and sectors, across ten years. Findings indicate that the role of banner standardization in the successful performance of global retailers depends on retailer and market-level characteristics. Specifically, the results demonstrate that RBS improves retailer profitability as retailers increase their global penetration and emphasize status-based differentiation. Findings also suggest that banner standardization has stronger effects on profitability as retailers increase their focus on emerging markets and e-commerce. However, the authors also find that while RBS increases profits at low levels of global diversity, this effect becomes non-significant as retailers expand to highly diverse foreign markets. As such, the study provides important implications for global retailers while also filling the gap in banner/brand standardization/adaptation research that lies at the intersection of retailing and international marketing.