收入分配如何影响经济增长——一个基于需求视角的分析框架

在投资和外贸出口都面临发展约束的情况下,提升消费、扩大内需时经济增长的拉升作用成为新形势和新格局下实现经济可持续发展的重点所在.扩大内需的关键在于调整收入分配格局和缩小居民收入差距,前提则在于理清收入分配对经济增长的传导关系.本文尝试选择一个新颖的视角,即基于需求的研究框架,综合分析收入分配对经济增长的传导机制.主要思想综合为:收入分配在给社会总需求带来"激励效应"的同时.也同样带来了"抑制效应",其经济影响取决于两者的净效应.     

中国经济增长能消除城乡收入差距吗?

本文分析了中国高速经济增长过程中城乡差距扩大问题。不断增强的城市偏向政策使得1990年代以来的经济增长失去了收入均等化效应，高增长创造出来的经济福利并没有通过收入扩散机制，让城乡居民平等地分享这个成果。文章认为，推进公平的发展战略将更有利于中国未来的经济增长。政府干预可以从理顺市场和理顺政策两个方面采取措施，改善收入功能分配和收入规模分配，实现缩小城乡收入差距的目标。     

收入分配不平等、有效需求与经济增长——一个基于中国经济转型期的实证研究

本文从有效需求角度入手,探究中国经济转型期经济增长与收入分配不平等之间的关系,并运用中国1978-2005年间28个省市的面板数据,通过面板数据单位根检验、协整检验与误差修正模型,对中国经济增长与收入分配不平等、有效需求、劳动力、投资、教育以及收入分配不平等和有效需求交互影响之间的长期关系和短期关系进行了研究。结果显示,中国经济转型期经济增长与收入分配不平等、有效需求具有长期的均衡关系,收入分配不平等通过有效需求机制阻碍了经济增长,且在短期内效果也非常显著。     

经济增长与收入分配关系的重新审视

在经济发展过程中 ,经济增长与收入分配之间存在着一种相互激励、相互促进、相互影响、相互制约的动态关系。经济增长改善收入分配状况 ,较为公平的收入分配带动经济持续稳定增长。在我国现阶段 ,既不能以牺牲经济增长为代价片面追求收入分配的均等 ,也不能以收入分配差距过大为代价换取一时的经济增长 ,而应在经济增长与收入分配之间找到一个平衡点 ,实现持续的经济增长与公平的收入分配的有机结合。     

经济转型与民生福利

随着中国经济崛起,经济改革将进入"激流区"。国际上面临承担大国责任,国内面临经济结构调整、通货膨胀预期预防,收入合理分配等诸多难题。文章就加快经济结构调整,实现经济二次转型,防止通货膨胀,保持经济增长,合理分配收入,改善、提高民生福利提出具体的意见和建议。     

对“倒U型假说”的一个批判性分析

"倒U型假说"预示着收入分配平等将经历一个"在变得更好之前要变得更坏"的过程。对该假说的检验显示,收入分配平等与经济增长的关系没有一致的规律,检验数据的类型强烈地影响着检验结论。而"变得更坏"并不意味着一定能"变得更好",收入分配不平等的改善不是经济增长的自然结果;经济的全球化与金融化对发展中经济体通过经济增长改善收入分配不平等的努力形成了新压力。对于一个追求在经济增长中最终实现共同富裕的社会主义国家,奉"倒U型假说"为圭臬,共同富裕的目标只会渐行渐远。     

简论收入分配差距在消费层面的表现

从我国居民消费与分配差距间实证关系、居民的消费倾向、年底人民币储蓄余额和最终消费支出等几个方面,表述了收入分配差距在消费层面存有不"和谐"因素.认为收入分配差距过大,对经济增长的影响主要表现在有效需求上,即当前我们所抓的国内需求上;而有效需求,尤其是有效需求中的消费需求,也从一个侧面体现着收入分配差距状况.     

收入分配与经济增长——基于消费需求视角的研究

收入分配会对经济增长产生何种影响,一直是经济学中相当重要的问题。通过对收入分配——消费需求——经济增长这一传导机制进行理论分析,表明收入分配将会通过消费需求这一渠道影响经济增长。采用1990~2007年中国经济的相关数据对消费需求与经济增长、收入分配与消费需求的关系进行了实证分析,分析表明收入分配调整将会对经济长期稳定增长产生重要作用。在此基础上提出了收入分配政策的分类和选择范围,并对部分收入政策工具的效果进行了模拟。     

“中等收入陷阱”:中国的挑战与抉择

经过30年的高速增长,中国已经跨入上中等收入国家行列。在这一背景下,中国是否会落入拉美和东亚一些国家曾经历过或正在经历的所谓"中等收入陷阱",引起了国内外的广泛关注。倘若中国落入"中等收入陷阱",这对依然处于风雨飘摇中的全球经济来说,无疑是雪上加霜。如果中国能够避免落入"中等收入陷阱",则会为其他发展阶段比中国低的国家展示美好的发展前景。尽管面临"人口红利"衰减、"投资+出口"拉动型增长模式难以持续、收入分配拉大和环境资源约束增强等挑战,但由于中国依然处于工业化和城市化双加速阶段、区域经济结构差异较大、拥有巨大的消费市场潜力,这些因素共同决定了未来10～15年我国经济保持7%以上增长是完全有可能的,陷入"中等收入陷阱"的概率较小。未来我国面临的真正威胁是"高收入之墙"问题,解决这一问题关键在于改善分配、优化结构、鼓励创新和保护环境,而实现这四大政策目标的根本出路在于加快经济社会转型。     

收入分配与经济增长——基于消费需求视角的研究

收入分配会对经济增长产生何种影响,一直是经济学中相当重要的问题。通过对收入分配——消费需求——经济增长这一传导机制进行理论分析,表明收入分配将会通过消费需求这一渠道影响经济增长。采用1990年～2007年中国经济的相关数据对消费需求与经济增长、收入分配与消费需求的关系进行了实证分析,分析表明收入分配调整将会对经济长期稳定增长产生重要作用。在此基础上提出了收入分配政策的分类和选择范围,并对部分收入政策工具的效果进行了模拟。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.