国际贸易框架下出口国能耗-环境成本问题分析

国际贸易在一个国家的工业结构形成过程中起着重要的作用。一个经济系统生产的所有产品和服务(包括国际贸易中的)都直接或间接地与能源消耗相关。在介绍了国内外对此问题的研究方法及研究现状后,本文对国际贸易、环境和能源消耗三者之间的关系进行了综合分析。文章还结合中国的实际,指出了环境和能源消耗问题在我国国际贸易研究中的重要性,对我国国际贸易的结构调整具有学术上和政策上的参考价值。     

Key Account Management in information-intensive services

Key Account Management (KAM) is surprisingly little known marketing approach in retailing and consumer services context, however it has much to offer to companies in these industries. It provides an effective, practical and rather simple method for companies interested in increasing their profits by right customer and relationship management. Indeed, KAM is a business-to-business marketing approach, however most retailers and service companies can greatly benefit from it. A large number of retailers and service companies operate both in the consumer and business-to-business market. Few retailers or service providers have never invoiced another company. Moreover, most consumer goods and services are influenced by business-to-business services. The availability and quality of consumer goods and services often essentially depends on various business-to-business services in the earlier phases of marketing channels. Furthermore, by understanding the logic of KAM, retailers and consumer service providers can develop their own key supplier management. Information is one of the most important resources of goods and services in post-industrial economy. Information-intensive services are based on knowledge and refining of information. Increasing number of information-intensive services emerge both in the consumer and business-to-business market. This paper describes the nature of KAM and information-intensive services, and suggests a framework for KAM practices in information-intensive services.     

Conceptualizing and managing service supply chains

The supply chain management (SCM) literature is dominated by studies in industrial markets and studies that deal with the supply chains of manufactured goods. This paper develops a framework for conceptualizing and managing the supply chains of services. The few studies that deal with services' supply chains either focus on a particular business service sector or they adopt an unvaried approach to the management of different service supply chains. The paper draws insights from the existing frameworks for SCM and takes into account the peculiar characteristics for the production and delivery of services across several service industries. Based on the analysis of several processes, areas of concern for supply chain managers are identified, and a research agenda for services SCM phenomena is proposed.     

A league of their own: services exporters – a developing country perspective

This paper provides a firm-level portrait of services exporters along with goods exporters in a developing country. Current findings of firm-level services trade literature suggest that the stylized facts of goods trade apply to services trade as well for a set of developed countries. This paper investigates if similar results hold for a developing country, Turkey, for the period 2003–2008. Most results lend support to the evidence found in the previous literature. However, the analysis of Turkish data shows that firms that export both goods and services are larger than those exporting goods or services only while multinationals that sell only goods are bigger than multinationals exporting both goods and services or those exporting only services.     

Differentiation value through services in a manufacturer's delivery chain

The delivery of industrial goods includes various possibilities for service business. Previous research has concentrated on third-party logistics (3PL) providers' perspective on service opportunities. This study takes the manufacturer's perspective in inter-organizational relationships and investigates the potential for differentiation value though services associated with the delivery of industrial goods. Field observation was carried out on three high-volume construction component deliveries, to uncover differentiation value drivers and the emergence of service opportunities in a manufacturer's delivery chain. The results complement earlier 3PL-centered goods delivery research by showing that the manufacturer's unique product and process competences, and activities in the delivery chain drive differentiation value, enable new service opportunities. The findings, thereby, draw attention to manufacturers and their competences as sources of added-value service in the delivery of industrial goods. Manufacturing firms have various options for differentiation and centrality in the inter-organizational network through cooperation with third parties. The results reveal that third parties can be hidden sources of added customer value in the goods delivery chain. The differentiation value for different firms in the industrial goods' delivery chains can emerge when firms begin to develop and offer services to each other, and therefore a proactive and in-depth analysis of their customers' differentiation-oriented value hierarchies is required.     

Beyond formal retailing and consumer services: an examination of how households acquire goods and services

The aim of this paper is to show that the acquisition of goods and services through formal firms is less widespread than might be expected. Drawing upon empirical evidence from a deprived neighbourhood, this paper finds that a large proportion of goods and services are informally acquired. In the realm of goods acquisition, informalisation is normally a result of economic necessity and is the first option but second choice of households. In the sphere of consumer services, however, informal modes of provision are often preferred by households and actively chosen over formal consumer services. The implications of these findings for how households acquire goods and services in the wider society are then considered so as to start to open up a debate on the consequences of informality in retailing and consumer services.     

进口贸易结构与我国经济增长的实证研究

对1980-2005年我国工业制成品与初级产品进口与经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。研究表明:工业制成品进口对我国经济增长有长期稳定的促进作用,初级产品进口则有抑制作用;我国初级产品的进口更多是由工业制成品进口带动的。据此,提出了对于我国工业制成品与初级产品进口的建议。     

The Impact of Exporting and Importing Goods and Services on Productivity in the UK

This paper investigates the impact of exporting and importing on productivity for UK plants using a combination of regression and propensity score matching. Unlike earlier papers, the data allows us to distinguish the effects of trade in goods and services. In confirmation of the results from other countries, we find that plants that both export and import have higher productivity than plants that only do one of these activities. In manufacturing, this is the case regardless of whether the trade is in goods or services (which suggests that servitisation of manufacturing is beneficial).In services, the results are more mixed and the benefits from involvement in international goods networks that are seen in manufacturing do not occur to the same extent (however, for the wholesale and retail sectors, trade in both goods and services is generally productivity enhancing).     

THE GERMAN SERVICE GAP OR: RE‐ORGANISING THE MANUFACTURING––SERVICES PUZZLE

Two phenomena make the distinction between services and manufacturing obsolete: the tertiarization of manufacturing and the introduction of information technologies in service industries. Competitiveness of manufacturing firms increasingly depends on the quality of service inputs and on packages of goods and services. Information and communication technologies introduce ‘industrial’ processes of production in service industries. Hence, it does not make sense any more to use categories such as ‘services’ or ‘manufacturing’. Instead, it would be more meaningful to group economic activities according to input configurations. This paper will discuss these issues in the context of the supposed German ‘service gap’.     

The Chinese market from the Canadian perspective: obstacles and response tactics

This paper examines the obstacles faced by Canadian companies in their effort to crack the Chinese market and the business tactics that they have employed to overcome these obstacles. It is focused upon the industrial goods and services market at which Canadian companies have targeted their marketing efforts in China. The examination is based partly on secondary source data contained in Canadian government publications and the business press, and partly on primary information obtained in company interviews.     

“联系说”视角下商标俗称抢注案的法律思考

商标权的客体为相关公众所认知的商标与商标所标识的商品或服务之间的联系,以此为基础可以认定商标俗称的抢注构成对商标权的侵犯,同时,商标俗称可以被认定为近似商标的一种形式,从而适用《商标法》第52条的规定。此外,在商标俗称的问题上,不能适用法律对驰名商标的特殊保护。     

出口商品结构优化与经济增长相互作用的实证研究——基于我国初级产品与工业制成品出口的协整分析

本文基于我国1980-2004年初级产品出口、工业制成品出口和国内生产总值的统计数据,对出口商品结构优化与经济增长的相互作用进行了协整分析。实证结果表明:出口商品结构优化对经济增长有长期稳定的促进作用,而短期表现不明显,并且两者之间不存在双向因果关系。根据以上结论,提出了优化出口商品结构以促进我国经济持续稳定增长的政策建议。     

Maintaining a committed online customer: A study across search-experience-credence products

The goal of relationship marketing is to build and maintain a committed, loyal relationship between a customer and an organization. Although studies have discussed the types of relational bonds that enhance customer loyalty, empirical research that focuses on the application of relational bonds in a virtual environment is relatively sparse. In response, this study investigates the effects of various relational bonds on customer commitment across search-experience-credence goods/services on Internet. The results suggest that financial, social, and structural bonds have positive impacts on customer commitment. In addition, financial bonds are more successful in strengthening customer commitment for search goods/services than for experience or credence goods/services. Structural bonds are more important for credence and experience goods/services than for search goods, and social bonds are almost equally important for all three types of goods/service.     

论服务业在国民经济中的"黏合剂"作用

服务业在国民经济中的地位不断上升,已不再是"边缘化的或奢侈的经济活动",而是位于经济的核心地带.服务业在国民经济中的突出作用表现在它具有"黏合剂"的功能,也正因为这一功能使之成为经济增长和效率提高的助推器、经济竞争力提升的牵引力、经济变革与经济全球化的催化剂.切实培育与发挥服务业的经济牵引力、产业整合力与国际竞争力,有助于更好地推进我国的产业结构优化升级,形成以制造业为支撑、服务业全面发展的产业格局,增强服务贸易和商品贸易的国际竞争力,促进我国国民经济持续快速健康协调发展.     

货物贸易、服务贸易与技术贸易发展趋向

通过对世界货物贸易、世界服务贸易和国际技术贸易这三者的发展状况进行对比分析,考察三者在贸易自由化方面的关系,认为技术贸易自由化的阻力是技术贸易、服务贸易和货物贸易中最小的,且发展最快;服务贸易自由化的阻力又小于货物贸易自由化的阻力,其发展速度快于货物贸易,并据此提出我国应采取的对策建议。     

Services Linkages and the Value Added Content of Trade

Working with a set of global social accounting matrices spanning intermittent years from 1992 to 2011, this paper examines the services embodied in trade on a value added basis. Data include not only the direct and indirect contribution of services to value added contained in a given country's exports, but also the extent to which third‐country value added in services, through intermediate linkages of imported goods and services, is also embodied in production and trade. Our data indicate, in line with previous findings, that the ratio of value added to gross trade has been decreasing both for goods and for services, which is consistent with growing vertical production fragmentation. On the other hand, while value added in goods sectors including indirect exports is less than the gross value of exports, in services, it is greater, highlighting the service intensity of trade.     

Do stock prices undervalue investments in advertising?

Under the efficient market hypothesis, the stock price incorporates the full value of a firm’s advertising. If so, advertising spending should not be associated with future abnormal stock returns. Nevertheless, from 1995 to 2015, advertising spending often leads to abnormal stock returns the following year. The strongest results surface for consumer goods and services where advertising used to build brand equity can carryover from one year to the next. No significant differences arise for healthcare, industrial goods, or retailer advertising. Healthcare and industrial goods advertising is often modest. Retailer advertising that builds traffic should have little if any carryover into the following year. These results may help marketing managers defend an advertising budget whose benefits carryover into the following year, but hurt current profits. Having more investment analysts on Wall Street with a marketing background should help reduce this overly conservative “wait and see” discount for carryover advertising.     

服务贸易、货物贸易和劳动生产率变动:理论和实证——基于李嘉图连续统模型的贸易差额分析

根据经验统计表明,服务贸易与货物贸易在差额变动和方向上存在替代性特征。文章以Dornbush等(1977)为基础考虑一个两国开放经济的李嘉图连续统模型,分析各国不同部门劳动生产率变化与服务成为贸易品两个因素对贸易形式和贸易差额变化的影响。研究表明在服务可贸易条件下,不同国家在服务部门和货物生产部门劳动生产率发生的相对差异变动,是导致各国货物或服务贸易差额关系变化的决定因素。而中国-OECD(1982-2004)的劳动生产率及贸易差额的数据检验,也较好地支持了此结论。     

The Tradability of Services within Canada and the European Union

This paper analyses bilateral trade flows between the provinces of Canada and between the member states of the European Union using a gravity model. On average, distance is less a hindrance for services trade than for goods trade. Language and regulation differences hamper intra-EU trade significantly. Services trade, in contrast to goods trade, is also hampered by the level of regulation in the importing country. Services trade within Canada as a share of GDP is twice the intra-EU level, and estimates suggest that intra-EU services trade could more than double if the internal market functioned like the Canadian services market.