人民币汇率与中美贸易失衡的关联性实证分析

近年来,中关贸易规模发展迅速,但双边贸易不平衡问题日益突出,成为中美贸易摩擦的焦点所在,人民币汇率问题被认为是导致中关贸易不平衡的主要原因。然而通过大量数据分析和探讨中关贸易不平衡与人民币汇率的关系,发现人民币汇率并非导致中美贸易不平衡的主要原因,而美国国内经济失衡,对华出口管制,两国统计口径的差异,美国对华的直接投资才是中关贸易失衡的主要原因。     

Does dollar-pegging matter? A closer look at US trade deficits with China and Germany

China and Germany are comparable in terms of having persistent trade surplus with the USA, but they differ in how their currencies are valued. By invoking the China–Germany comparison, this paper finds that there is weak, if any, statistical association between the US trade deficit and the exchange rate. This finding is robust to long-run vs. short-run horizon, without vs. with an instrumental variable, and in-sample fitting vs. out-of-sample forecasting. This paper predicts that the US trade deficits with China and Germany will continue to rise in the presence of a recovery in the US economy.     

美元弱势调整对中韩双边产品贸易的影响

2002~2013年美元贬值、人民币升值对中韩双边产品贸易产生怎样的影响？本文使用统计比较和GMM估计发现:(1)美元弱势调整下中国没有呈现向韩国出口产品偏转,而韩国明显增加了对中国出口产品份额。美元走弱下中国与韩国呈现较高的产品贸易互补性和较低的产品贸易竞争性。(2)美元走弱下韩元兑人民币产品实际贬值不利于中国对韩国出口产品,并没有引致中国从韩国实际进口增加。同期,美元兑人民币实际贬值既不利于中国对美国出口,也没有呈现中国向韩国出口产品偏转,并减少中国从韩国进口产品。实际汇率波动上升显著不利于中国对韩国进出口贸易,而中韩经济增长会显著地增进双边贸易。据此,建立和深化中韩自贸区来拓展贸易市场是重要的,借此扩大两国货币互换规模、创新金融工具来消减汇率风险,将会极大地提升中韩双边贸易。     

基于商品出口的快速报价法

对外报价是货物出口贸易中必须遇到的一个环节，本文通过收支平衡的基本原理，推导出本币与外币的“换汇折算率”，并融合了外贸公司的利润目标，分析并说明了外贸从业人员如何通过综合考虑人民币汇率、出口退税率、预期利润率等变量，将商品的本币价格快速而准确地换算成外币价格，对外报价。     

假命题:“人民币汇率操纵”—一个基于马歇尔勒纳条件的实证

本文以后危机时代为背景,在中美人民币汇率现实争端以及学术界现有研究的基础上,从《IMF协定》关于"汇率操控"的定义出发、通过实证研究和对中美两国贸易实践的理论分析,得出美国等发达国家对中国政府"汇率操控"的指控不满足马歇尔-勒纳条件,即人民币贬值并不能带来中美贸易顺差。中美之间的贸易实践也有力地证明了美国对中国政府操纵汇率的责难缺乏事实依据和理论基础。美元主宰的国际货币体系、美元的霸权地位、美国的出口管制、美国的经济结构、消费模式等才是美国贸易逆差的最主要原因。     

A new perspective on the third-country effect: The case of Malaysia–US industry-level trade

Cushman suggested that impact of exchange rate volatility declines after the inclusion of the third-country effect. Like Cushman, when we use a linear analysis, we confirm his results. However, when we engage in asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility which requires including nonlinear adjustment of volatility measures, the findings show more support to both exchange rate volatility influence and the third-country effect. Therefore, we propose that in examining exchange rate volatility effect on trade, consideration must be given to not just asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility but also asymmetric effects of the third-country effect. We demonstrate these findings using monthly data from 54 Malaysian industries that export to the US and 63 Malaysian industries that import from the US.     

石化通用机械进出口及其相关政策走向

石化通用机械行业2003年-2006年进出口连年增长.2007年出口继续快速增长,各主要产品进口有增有减.政策调整将对石化通用机械进出口产生影响.部分产品出口退税率下调.国内投资项目中有154种设备进口不予免税.国家鼓励进口6种石化通用机械.重大技术装备关键件进口实行先征税后返回优惠政策.人民币对美元的汇率升值将会继续,有关企业要积极应对.     

The saving rate and the upgrade of the trade commodity structure in developing countries: A dynamic H–O model under an oligopolistic market structure

This paper constructs an oligopolistic dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) model of a small open economy to analyze the relationship between the saving rate and the upgrade of the trade commodity structure. The analysis shows that the saving rate determines the trade commodity structure of a country in the long-run equilibrium. Furthermore, a developing country with a low capital–labor ratio in the initial state will change from exporting labor-intensive goods in the initial state to exporting capital-intensive goods in the long-run equilibrium if it has a higher saving rate, and this upgrade of trade commodity structure has a social welfare effect under an oligopolistic market structure. The effect of trade policy on the upgrade of the trade commodity structure is uncertain in our model; therefore, a high saving rate is the irreplaceable driving force for trade commodity structure upgrades in developing countries.     

人民币汇率变动对中国出口商品结构的影响分析

通过1985年～2010年资源密集型产品出口额(SITC0-4)、劳动密集型产品出口额(SITC6、SITC8)和资本技术密集型产品出口额(SITC5、SITC7)与人民币实际有效汇率指数及非市场因素出口退税额的协整分析,认为出口额的汇率弹性由大到小依次为劳动密集型产品、资本技术密集型产品、资源密集型产品,因而人民币实际有效汇率升值有利于优化我国出口商品结构,至少是工业制成品出口结构.同时,从出口退税额前的相关系数来看,中国应转变出口退税的政策倾向,加大对资本技术密集型产品出口的支持力度.     

Primary commodity prices and the real exchange rate: the case of Australia 1900–91

How do real exchange rates of primary commodity exporters react to changes in the relative price of these exports? The relationship between these variables is examined using ninety-two years of Australian data. There is a significant positive correlation. However, the Australian real exchange rate does not display the downward trend that has been observed in the relative price of primary commodities. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the apparent long-run decline in the relative price of primary commodities is an artefact of inadequate quality adjustment in the price series for manufactures.