改变未来战争的“魔手”——高超声速武器

<正>近年来一些主要国家正在大力发展高超声速飞行器技术,也就是飞行速度大于马赫数(即飞行速度与声音速度之比值。标准大气压、零海拔高度、15℃时声速约340米/秒)5的航空航天飞行器。在航天领域实现高超声速飞行不难,如弹道导弹、运载火箭和航天飞机、宇宙飞船等航天飞行器,最大速度超过马赫数20。但在航空领域航空飞行器的速度和高度纪录还停留在"双3"门槛上,即飞行速度马赫数3和飞行高度3万米。人类正在探索在传统航天飞行器和航空飞行器     

私人小飞机首选？

造旋翼机不难，考飞行驾照也不难，但飞机拿到上天的资质很难，中联航空的刘军正在想法破解审批流程长、缺少资金等瓶颈。 刘军制造的飞行器叫旋翼机，或者说自转旋翼机，其外形与直升机类似，但顶端的旋翼并不与发动机相连，而是利用飞行时的气流吹动其自转以产生升力，前进的推力则靠机舱后部带动力的螺旋桨提供。有人将直升机比作会飞的电风扇，将旋翼机比作会飞的风车。     

燃烧加热污染空气对超燃冲压发动机性能影响研究

针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H₂/O₂七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。      

高超声速风洞进气道流量系数测量精度影响因素研究

进气道是飞行器动力装置的重要组成部分,准确测量进气道流量系数是进气道风洞试验的重要内容。对来流马赫数Ma=4.5,5.0和6.0状态下皮托管进气道开展流量系数测量研究,通过对比理论值和实测值,获取各状态流量系数修正系数。试验结果表明,随着来流马赫数增加,进气道流量系数与理论值偏差较明显,并逐渐增大。超声速风洞试验通常认为测量截面总温与来流总温相等,通过对测量截面总温与来流总温偏差以及测量截面流场畸变情况的分析,判断测量偏差主要是由测量截面总温等于来流总温的假设导致的。在高超声速风洞试验中,由于模型壁面热交换的存在,测量截面总温低于来流总温,进气道流量系数测量时需要进行总温修正,以提高流量测量精度。      

基于CFD技术导管螺旋桨的一种网格划分方法

目前计算导管桨的方法大体上可以分为两种,一种是基于升力面和面元法混合计算方法,一种是基于CFD数值计算。两种各有各自的优势,前者基本上可以达到工程应用程度,并可以进行导管桨的优化,节省大量的计算时间,应用较广。但是基于工程实际要求,对于某些船舶,需要计算系住状态下的推力,如其出现较大误差,会出现推力达不到要求,甚者出现船只沉没。因此用更准确的方法计算导管螺旋桨的水动力性能显得极为重要。本文基于CFD技术,研究其网格划分方法,并与试验结果对比,可以将推力系数和十倍扭矩系数误差降低到0.02以下。     

飞行事故的性能对比与分析

本文主要分析了某一飞行事故中起飞重量、推力以及阻力等各因素对事故飞机起飞性能的影响,并就某些主要因素对事故原因作了综合的分析.本文旨在通过对这些结果的分析,使读者对导致整个飞行事故的主要因素能够有一个更为直观的认识和理解.     

分布式动力翼身融合构型气动性能研究

在针对下一代低噪音、低污染民用航空器的设计中,翼身融合布局(BWB)结合分布式推进系统被认为是最有可能替代传统客机的设计方案。结合NASA提出的N3-X下一代BWB飞行器,首先建立了BWB飞行器模型,随后针对该模型在有无分布式动力推进系统的工作状态下的气动性能进行了CFD计算。通过对计算结果的分析,发现采用分布式动力的BWB飞行器相比传统不考虑动力与翼面气动耦合的飞行器其升力更高,升阻比更高。此种构型的飞行器对降低能源消耗、提高飞行都产生了积极影响。     

壁面马赫数分布规律可控的新型内收缩基准流场设计方法

根据有旋特征线理论,设计出了沿程马赫数下降规律可控的轴对称基准流场,分析了基准流场的几何参数(前缘压缩角及中心体半径)的影响规律,发现选取较小的前缘压缩角和中心体半径有利于得到性能优良的基准流场;然后在设计状态Ma=6时研究了三种典型的马赫数下降规律对这种轴对称流场性能的影响。最后考虑了粘性的影响,并进行了粘性修正探索,结果表明,采用附面层位移厚度修正方法后,基准流场的壁面压力分布和无粘情况吻合良好。      

某电子设备机载吊舱的气动特性分析

采用计算流体力学软件Fluent开展了某飞机机身外挂吊舱的三维气动性能研究, 得到了外挂吊舱的表面流速/压力分布、吊舱的尾流、飞行阻力,以及吊舱的偏航力矩等信 息。根据气动计算结果,就吊舱的强度、尾流、偏航力矩等影响飞行安全性的问题展开了讨 论。研究结果和试飞一致显示该电子设备外挂吊舱的气动外形是良好的,吊舱的设计是成功 的,可供同类产品设计提供参考。     

开启我国大型气动实验装备建设由仿制到创新研制新纪元

JF12复现高超声速飞行条件激波风洞研制成功 “据我所知，这个设备是世界唯一的，不仅在于它产生的流场区域大，气流速度高，试验时间长，更重要的是应用了最独特的爆轰驱动技术，克服了自由活塞驱动技术的弱点，是在俞先生的指导下由你们研究所发展起来的。你们将为获得的可靠的高超声速试验数据感到骄傲。”这是国际著名激波管技术专家、国际激波研究院刨始人高山和喜教授对JF12复现高超声速飞行条件激波风洞的赞誉。     

Public Financial Expenditure——A Reflection of the Livelihood Improvement

In recent years.China's public finance put social construction high on the agenda and attaches more importance on livelihood insurance and improvement.The 2003-2007 public financial expenditure reflects a fact that the government isputting more emphasis on livelihood andissues concerning the people.     

Voices from the MPC and CPPCC

"Crucial for economic growth.energy utilization has its role in all economic sectors and every aspect of people's daily life.Now we are in dire need of a new profession,namely energy manager.We not only need to have passion and responsibility,but also a scientific approach to conserve energy and cut emissions.APpropriate legislation should be in place.and a special profession should be introduced to ensure the implementation of these laws and regulations."     

Slowdown Trade Surplus Growth

According to Ma Kai＇s economic planning report submitted to the NPC session on March 5th,（Ma Kai is the Minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission）,the government has listed the slowdown in trade surplus growth and the steady expansion of external investment as major tasks for 2008.     

Ouyang Riping： A Hero Besides Entrepreneur

A bout fifty years ago. a baby＇s cry broke the sky of quietness, in a small and beautiful town of Hunan province, which surroundcd by green hills and clear water. Though his .birth brought his family great happiness and hope just as any new life, nobody knew that the little boy would get great achievement when he grow up. even start his business oversea, and earn international honor. Let＇s share with you the entrepreneur Ouyang Riping＇s story, which may insights thcsc people who want to succeed and complete oneself in favorite condition or adversity rather leave things to so-called fate.     

Belarus, A Chinese Fort in Europe

＂In recent years, we＇ve found increasing interest from Chinese investors in the Belarus economy. Please let China know, Belarus is always ready to be a true friend to China. We have built a fort in Europe for China,＂ the President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko told Zhou Xiaochuan, President of the Bank of China, during his visit to the capital of Minsk, on January 8th, he expressed his high praise and firm confidence in the development of Sino-Belarusian relations.     

What＇s Behind Spring Festival？

Similar to what the Christmas Day means for the westerners,the Spring Festival is the most important celebration for Chinese people.This big event according to Chinese traditional lunar calendar relaxes and pleases the whole country as the happiest gathering time of the year.National-wide crusade for going back home,too-difficult-to-get train tickets,generous family-going-out shopping,Miaohui laundering,New Year Eve reunion dinner,visiting friends and relatives,watching annual TV gala......each piece of clue reminds us of the smell of Chinese Spring Festival.     

KEY WDRDS for Foreign Investment in China

FDI(Foreign Direct Investment),a component of a country's national financlal accounts,is investment of foreign assets into domestic structures,equipment,and organizations.It does not include foreign investment into the stock markets,concession and subcontract.FDI iS thought to be more useful to a country than investments in the equity of its companies because equity investments are potentially "hot money"which can leave at the first sign of trouble,whereas FDI is durable and generally useful whether things go well or badly.     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Consumption, New Protagonist in 2007 GDP

Not long ago, the National Bureau of Statistics released its 2007 Macro Economy Index. Social consumption retail sales reached RMB 8.9 billion, increased by 16.8 percent over the previous year, or 3.1 percentage points higher; the whole investment in social fixed assets was valued RMB 13.7 billion, a year-on-year increase of 24.8 percent, that is 0.9 percentage points higher; and trade surplus amounted to RMB 24.7 billion, rising by 47.7 percent compared with the same period last year, 26.3 percentage points falling over the increasing speed last year. According to preliminary estimates, GDP for the year was RMB 24.67 trillion, up by 11.4 percent from the previous year,