翻译技巧与实践思考

翻译不是一件轻而易举的事情,它是一种创造性的语言艺术工作。翻译是文化交际的桥梁,它广泛涉及不同文化间的差异。译者须在各种语言上狠下工夫,乃至独具匠心,根据不同文化人们的不同思维表达方式,采取一些必要的翻译技巧或方法,从而达到交际的目的。     

Skill Accumulation in the Search Unemployment Model

ABSTRACT

I analyze general skill accumulation (training) and its financing among labor market entrants in a search unemployment equilibrium. Becker's general skill finance rule is modified for a search economy: although skill accumulation is associated with a hold-up problem, since it benefits future job vacancies which workers expect to be matched with, if vacancies direct their search to workers of different skill levels, workers internalize this externality. An extended model analyzes whether to accumulate skills through training or education. Small differences in the relative cost of acquiring education can lead to large differences in skill levels in the labor market.     

Did International Outsourcing Cause the Increase in China's Skill Premium?

This study analyzes the transmission mechanism for the increase in the skill premium caused by international outsourcing through skill‐biased technological change (SBTC). Using 2000–2013 panel data from 27 manufacturing industries in China, this study conducts both probit and Tobit tests and shows that international outsourcing led to SBTC in China's manufacturing industries. A positive correlation is found between international outsourcing and the increase in the skill premium in both static and dynamic models. For each 1‐percent increase in the international outsourcing index, the skill premium will rise approximately 10 percent. This finding indicates the existence of a mechanism through which the effect of international outsourcing on the skill premium is reinforced where SBTC is occurring. However, this may enlarge wage gaps within the same industry. Therefore, China should not only use the skill premium to promote the transformation and upgrading of industries benefiting from outsourcing and optimize the structure of employment but also prevent the negative effects of an increased skill premium.     

论语文教学基本功的美感效应

语文教学中的范读、讲解、板书、教态等是一种教学的内功 ,作为语文教师在教学活动中应注重其美感作用 ,使听、说、读、写在美的旋律中达到知识和技能的统一。从而培养学生的道德情操 ,使之具有较高的审美观 ,以达到预期的教学目的     

技能溢价研究新进展——基于技术和贸易的逻辑框架

技能溢价用来解释熟练技能工人与非熟练技能工人之间的工资差距问题。早期的技能溢价研究注重外生偏向型技术和H-O-S框架下南北贸易对技能溢价的影响。技能溢价的新解释则注重内生的技术变化和多元化的贸易形式、工会等制度因素以及人口结构变化等微观因素对技能溢价的影响。介绍和研究技能溢价现象对于解释我国不同技能工人之间的工资差异具有很强的借鉴意义。     

Do Skill Mismatches Create a Wage Penalty? Alternative Estimates for Korea*

In this paper, we estimate the wage penalty of skill mismatches among young Korean workers using propensity score matching (PSM) and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods. OLS estimates suggest that a moderate wage penalty results from skill mismatches: 3.8 percent for men and 5.6 percent for women. In contrast, PSM estimates suggest a weakly significant wage penalty for men and women only when kernel matching (KM) is used, but not when nearest neighbor matching(NNM) or radius matching (RM) techniques are used. These results contradict the findings of previous studies and suggest that there may not be a substantial wage penalty associated with skill mismatches.     

非认知能力对家庭风险金融市场有限参与的解释——来自CGSS的证据

利用2017年中国综合社会调查数据,引入新人力资本理论中"非认知能力"对家庭风险金融市场参与的影响因素进行研究.研究发现,认知与非认知能力对不同收入家庭影响存在异质性.开放性和严谨性人格特征的下降与缺乏制约已婚家庭参与风险金融市场,这在一定程度上解释了"有限参与"之谜.     

基于综合实践能力培养的工程训练与学生就业创业技能训练/双证制的探索与实践

针对企业对大学生工程素质与综合实践能力的要求,在工程训练中融入经济管理知识,构建"大工程背景",促进工程训练与学生就业创业技能训练相融合,使学生在毕业时具有毕业证、技能证,从而增强学生就业综合竞争力。经过多年"双证制"有益的探索与实践,效果显著。     

经营大师的方略

经营大师的发迹，无不依靠了令人叫绝的智慧和谋略，因为当初他们并无多少资金和技术，掌握的仅仅是无本万利的好主意。“以砖引玉”客爆满日本人小林一三董事长在大阪建了阪急百货店。有一天，他命令秘书前去大贩市内所有的饭店吃咖哩饭。秘书觉得自己大学毕业，做这种工作就如“手榴弹炸臭虫”──太不值得，但老板的命令不敢有违，只好遵命，立即到处去吃咖哩饭。吃遍了大阪市内的咖哩饭之后，秘书就把其中顾客最多、效益最好、味道最美的报告给董事长。小林听后立即把那家卖咖哩饭的饭店请到百货店营业，再把咖哩饭的售价降低四成，其中…     

论职业技术学院学生的技能培养

社会经济迅速发展的今天，急需大量的具备较强的适应能力和全面的职业技能的高素质人才。因此，高等职业技术教育应积极应对，从学生技能培养目标入手，根据培养目标特点，通过多种有效途径将高职学生技能的培养贯穿于学生在校学习的全过程，以适应社会发展对高职人才的需求。     

骑士时代已成过去武林高手须练马步功

关云长千里走单骑，过五关斩六将，取上将之首级，犹如囊中取物……可惜这样的骑士时代已一去不返了。现在的商战高手莫不是苦练内功，文韬武略样样精通，是天才、实践和学识的融汇。若再有了经济学理论却可以如虎添翼，更加稳健。企业家学不学经济学是大不一样的，这正如习武要练马步功。很多情况下，人的行为都面临着选择与权衡，有经济头脑的人就能用符合客观经济规律的方法去分析、研究、解决现实问题。     

大医精诚 铸造经典

泉城济南是在历史和文化积淀中蕴成的一座古老与时尚并举的魅力之城。2011年．随着京沪高铁正式开通．济南西部迎来了崛起的契机。而地处济南市西部的槐荫人民医院．也将与西部新城一同成长．为济南西部群众竖起一道健康屏障。     

现金流量折现技术在跨国并购运用中的相关问题分析

本文针对跨国并购中公司的估价过程中，基于汇率选择的不同而产生的两种现金流量折现技术——现汇汇率折现法和远期汇率折现法。进而对两种现金流量折现技术在运用当中的一些相关问题，主要是折现过程的参数选择和适用性问题进行探讨。     

中国当前劳动力技能短缺与企业应对

随着人口红利减弱，中国技能短缺问题愈发突出，如何有效应对技能短缺成为当前经济社会发展面临的紧迫问题。文章就雇主应对技能短缺的方式提出四个假设，并基于中国人民大学劳动人事学院"中国雇主—雇员匹配数据追踪调查"，采用Tobit模型考察了雇佣条件在改善技能短缺上发挥的作用。结果表明：工资对技能短缺的影响并不显著，没有证据显示上调工资能改善企业的技能短缺问题，而签订长期劳动合同有利于缓解高技能劳动力短缺，强化在职培训和劳动保护有助于改善低技能劳动力短缺。本研究为破解技能短缺难题提供参考，企业应对技能短缺应因事为制，避免提高工资的惯性思维，注重高技能劳动者在职业发展上的需求，关注低技能劳动力在劳动保护上的诉求，并保证持续有效的在职培训。     

Skill, trade, and international inequality

Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory suggests that greater opennesstends to enlarge inter-country differences in stocks of skill(or human capital), which new growth theory suggests would causeinter-country divergence of per capita incomes. Econometricanalysis of data on about 90 countries during 1960-90 confirmsthat greater openness tends to cause divergence of secondaryand tertiary enrolment rates between more-educated and less-educatedcountries, and also between land-scarce and land-abundant countries.These findings may have implications for the optimal choiceof trade policies by poor countries.     

Skill formation systems: A Thai-Japan comparison

This paper compares skill formation systems on the shop floor of the car battery manufacturing industry in Thailand and Japan through a series of intensive interviews with foremen in three firms: indigenous Thai, indigenous Japanese, and Thai-Japanese joint venture. This study finds similarities in the basic character of skill formation systems in the two countries, which have often been thought to be particular to Japan. Naturally, large differences are identified in the extent to which the systems are implemented. This implies general applicability of the Japanese skill formation systems, which are the core of Japanese management systems.     

Offshoring and the Skill Structure of Labour Demand in Belgium

A major concern regarding the consequences of offshoring is the worsening of the labour market position of low-skilled workers. This paper addresses this issue by providing evidence on the impact of offshoring on the skill structure of manufacturing employment in Belgium between 1995 and 2007. Offshoring is found to significantly lower the employment share of low-skilled workers. Its contribution to the fall in the employment share of low-skilled workers amounts to 35 %. This is mainly driven by offshoring to Central and Eastern European countries. While most of the previous papers on this subject focus on materials offshoring, we show that offshoring of business services also contributes significantly to the fall in the low-skilled employment share. As a complement to the existing literature, we compare the widely used current price measure of offshoring with a constant price measure that is based on a deflation with separate price indices for domestic output and imports. This reveals that the former underestimate the extent of offshoring and its impact on low-skilled employment. Finally, we also find that the impact of offshoring on low-skilled employment is significantly smaller in industries with a higher ICT capital intensity.