通货膨胀持久性及其非对称性研究——基于分位数自回归模型

本文运用分位数自回归模型研究中国通胀率的持久性及其非对称性特征.研究结果表明,中国通胀率具有高持久性,从通胀率条件分布的低分位数到高分位数,持久性不断增强.基于不同分位数的单位根检验结果显示,中国的通胀持久性具有非对称性,即在受到负向冲击或减速通胀状态下,通胀率序列往往服从平稳自回归过程;而在受到正向冲击或加速通胀状态下,通胀率序列通常服从单位根过程.分位数自回归模型可以有效区分通胀率波动路径中的平稳点和非平稳点.据此,央行可以构建预警机制,以对通胀率的波动进行实时监测和调控.     

规则型货币政策与通货膨胀平稳性的内在关联机制研究

尽管保持物价稳定是货币政策的主要目标,但其作用效果一直存在争议.本文通过估计带有马尔可夫区制转移的泰勒规则模型,发现中国货币政策存在稳定区制和不稳定区制.通过对稳定和不稳定区制内通货膨胀序列进行单位根检验,发现中国货币政策的稳定性与通货膨胀序列的平稳性具有较高的相依性.稳定的货币政策区制对应的通货膨胀序列是平稳的,而不稳定的货币政策区制对应的通货膨胀序列是不平稳的.稳定的泰勒规则对通货膨胀具有牵拉效应,使得通货膨胀率一直围绕目标通胀率波动.现阶段继续实施稳定的泰勒规则是保证物价稳定,防止通货膨胀的关键所在.     

中国货币政策预期管理问题研究——基于通货膨胀预期陷阱视角

对我国预期通胀与货币政策目标变量综合实证分析表明,我国目标通胀率、预期通胀率和实际通胀率三者之间是正向关联。目标通胀率对预期通胀率的影响程度显著但具有滞后性,"目标锚"的引导作用尚有待进一步发挥。通胀预期陷阱在我国具有很强的现实性,实际通胀率的波动幅度较大且上升有利于拉动正产出缺口,货币当局确实有人为地调高目标通胀和实际通胀水平来刺激经济增长的故意,货币政策时间的非一致性存在但并非显著。我国通胀的变动在很大程度上是由公众通胀预期推动的,结论凸显了货币政策管理预期的重要性,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

泰勒规则与我国货币政策反应函数的实证研究

本文依据泰勒规则对我国1993-2003年期间货币政策进行了实证检验，发现基于利率平滑假设基础上的泰勒规则模型可以较好地拟合利率变动，并且总体而言，我国利率水平弹性不足，导致实际利率逆向变动，加大了产出和物价的波动。但1997年以后，名义利率的弹性有所增强，这有助于解释宏观经济波动幅度大幅下降的原因。     

中国银行体系亲周期特征与金融稳定政策

利用滤波法、谱密度分析法以及SWARCH法检验中国银行体系的波动特征及其与通货膨胀周期的内在逻辑,发现:无论是计划经济还是市场经济,银行信贷都具有亲物价周期特征;银行职工规模波动与物价周期具有较高置信水平的关联性,表明银行经营规模具有亲通胀波动特征;随着体制转化,银行资本波动的逆物价波动周期特征逐渐显现。这为我们治理金融稳定与货币稳定提供了重要思路:改进评估指标体系,科学计算金融失衡状况;金融监管机构加强合作,以更为对称的方式实施货币政策和监管政策,同时达到治理通胀和金融失衡双重目的。     

我国货币政策传导作用实证研究

运用协整检验与误差修正模型,对我国在1999-2008年间的货币政策传导机制进行实证分析,得出了我国货币政策对实际经济总量有一定的影响,货币政策在我国是非中性的,其中信用渠道是我国货币政策的主要传导渠道.     

新凯恩斯框架下中国通货膨胀动态变化及货币政策分析

以新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线为分析框架,在考虑利率滞后项和预期项的情况下,通过最优化中央银行的目标损失,构建中国的通货膨胀方程,并采用1992年以来的季度数据对中国通货膨胀的形成因素进行实证分析,以研究我国货币政策对通货膨胀事后调节和事前引导的实际效果.实证结果显示,我国的通货膨胀水平主要受经济主体通货膨胀预期和产出缺口的影响;利率变化在短期内并不改变通货膨胀的变化方向,不过随着利率市场化改革的深入,利率对通货膨胀的影响逐步显现;预期实际利率对当期物价波动有着正向引导作用,并且在子样本的稳健性分析中证实这种关系有加强趋势.这些实证检验结果对我国调控物价水平及制定更加有效的货币政策提供理论支持.     

我国货币政策传导机制的实证研究

近年来，我国经济金融运行中出现了货币流通速度减慢、商业银行惜贷、中小企业融资难等问题。因此，货币政策传导机制问题越来越受到关注。文章运用单位根检验、格兰杰因果关系检验、回归分析等时间序列方法，对我国从1998年1月至2006年12月期间的货币政策传导机制进行实证分析，得出目前在我国，货币政策是通过信贷渠道而不是货币渠道对实体经济产生影响的结论。     

美国货币政策的国际传递效应及其影响的实证研究

本文实证研究发现美国货币政策对各国产出水平、净出口和物价具有国际传递效应,其中对各国物价的影响还具有同步效应.结构化脉冲响应分析表明,美国货币政策可在基本不损害美国经济增长的情况下改善美国的贸易收支,并对其他国家的经济增长产生负面影响,对中国贸易顺差波动影响尤为显著.因此必须关注美国货币政策的道德风险,谨防美国采取损人利己行为所带来的全球性冲击,并从货币政策的角度来挖掘平衡中国贸易收支的手段和方法.     

物价变动会计计量模式选择探讨

近年来我国物价波动加剧,通货膨胀的预期成为社会关注的焦点,物价的大幅波动,给企业财务会计信息带来了冲击。本文从物价变动对会计的影响入手,在分析有关物价变动会计基本理论及研究现状的基础上,介绍了现有的物价变动会计模式,并借鉴SWOT分析方法对物价变动会计的计量模式进行了应用策略分析,以期为企业根据自身行业特征选择物价变动会计计量模式提供参考。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.