该“走”资本为何“不走”？

现象之一：外商投资企业中方购买外方股权后，不购汇汇出境外。分二种情形：第一种，中外双方按资产评估结果签定了股权转让协议，中方按股权转让协议支付股权购买对价款，但并不申请购汇汇出境外。第二种，中方低价购买外方所持股权，即中方以明显低于净资产的价格购买外方股权，有的甚至是零购买，即外方无偿向中方转让股权。     

外方股权转让价款以人民币形态滞留境内存在的问题及政策建议

近来,在办理业务过程中发现,外商投资企业外方股权转让价款支付形式出现新的动向,股权转让协议多采用以人民币支付对价,某种程度上反映出外方继续保留人民币资产的意愿增强。如果不合理引导该部分资金按时汇出境外,     

论中国大陆对非居民企业间接转让股权所得的征税权

<正>随着我国外商投资企业的迅速发展,外资股权转让日益普遍。持有境内企业股份的外方非居民企业,将其相应的股权于境外转让给其他非居民企业的数量亦逐渐增加。在转让股权的过程中,越来越多的非居民     

论中国大陆对非居民企业间接转让股权所得的征税权

随着我国外商投资企业的迅速发展,外资股权转让日益普遍.持有境内企业股份的外方非居民企业,将其相应的股权于境外转让给其他非居民企业的数量亦逐渐增加.在转让股权的过程中,越来越多的非居民企业,基于税收筹划,选择了间接转让的方式.     

股权转让未分得股利应如何缴纳企业所得税？

钟税官： 我公司是一家外商投资企业,外方投资方为德国某公司,注册资本为5000万元,外方占比70％。因行业发展问题,2010年初,外方撤资,并与中方达成股权转让协议,以低于原投资的成本转让其拥有的股份。转让股权前,我公司上一年度实现的利润尚未进行分配。     

外方利润滞留境内的原因、问题及政策建议

目前,我国外商投资企业外方利润以三种形式存在：购汇汇出、转增资或再投资、滞留境内。在盈利的外商投资企业中,有的既没有将外方利润购汇汇出,也没有将外方利润转增注册资本或从事再投资,而是滞留境内。长期以来,外方利润境内滞留行为成为外汇监管的真空地带。不仅如此,人民币升值预期背景下外方利润长期滞留境内易对国际收支平衡造成冲击。在减顺差促平衡的外汇管理新形势下,     

外方股东留存利润监管

2012年,对外商投资企业的外汇年检中,外汇局以《外商投资企业外方权益确认表》替代了原有的《外汇收支情况表》,侧重于外方股东权益的数据统计。本文据此对外商投资企业外方股东的利润产生及留存情况进行分析,并对其影响和风险防范的管理提出建议。     

外商投资企业外方利润处置情况研究——以湖南为例

随着我国外向型经济的不断发展，外商投资企业外方利润大量滞留境内，形成事实上的隐性负债，构成了潜在的汇兑及支付风险。为此，本人根据近几年湖南外商投资企业外汇年检情况，对湖南外商投资企业利润处置隋况开展调研，就如何改进外方利润管理、防范集中汇兑风险提出了建议。     

外商投资企业股权转让问题的思考

直接投资是目前我国利用外资的主要形式，大多数外商投资企业一经成立，其股权比例一般维持不变。但是也有部分合资企业经过发展、变化之后，对其资产进行重组，使得原来的股权关系发生变化，而且股权转让一般都是通过外汇资本金划转的方式来实现的，     

对外商投资企业外汇管理的思考

近年来,外商投资企业对我国外向型经济的推动作用日益显著,外商投资企业外汇收支已经成为影响我国国际收支平衡的不可忽视的因素。在当前资本流动对人民币汇率影响不断加深的背景下,改善外商投资企业外汇管理,对于维护国际收支基本平衡显得更加迫切和重要。本文在研究外商投资企业外汇管理现状的基础上,着重分析了外商投资外汇管理中面临的问题,有针对性地提出进一步完善外商投资企业外汇管理的对策建议。     

银行权益资本使用及其对规模经济测度的影响

将所有者权益的作用嵌入银行技术模型,测算中国十六家上市商业银行满足成本最小化时的所有者权益影子价格,并以成本最小化为标准评价权益资本使用情况。研究发现,五家国有大型商业银行持有高于最小化成本水平的所有者权益;其余大部分股份制商业银行的权益资本低于成本最小化要求。进一步测算规模经济,发现所有者权益进入成本方程后计算出的规模经济效应比仅以所有者权益为条件调节项和使用标准成本方程估计出的规模经济结果都要高,说明规模经济的轨迹将依赖于银行对负债与所有者权益相对信任度,即提高存款和所有者权益的相对成本及所有者权益资本以多大程度进入到成本函数设定中。     

Do controlling shareholders collude with their related large shareholders? Evidence of equity pledges and shareholding increases from China

The key for controlling shareholders to prevent the risk of equity pledge is to increase the stock price, and the large shareholders' shareholding increases have the effect of increasing the stock price. Using the data of Chinese A-share firms from 2007 to 2019, this paper examines the relationship between the controlling shareholders' equity pledges and their related large shareholders' shareholding increases. We find that when the controlling shareholders pledge equity, their related large shareholders are more likely to increase their shareholdings. By analyzing the necessity, ability and motivation of related large shareholders to provide help, we find that shareholding increases of related large shareholders are behaviors of helping controlling shareholders to mitigate the risk of equity pledge. Based on the analysis of external acquisition threats, stability heterogeneity of control rights and exogenous impact of Vanke Equity Competition, it is shown that the controlling shareholders pledging equity promote their related large shareholders to increase their shareholdings for the purpose of preventing the risk of control transfer. In further analysis, we find that the shareholding increases of related large shareholders have the practical effect of improving the stock price and preventing pledge risks. This paper proves that the controlling shareholders pledging equity collude with their related large shareholders, which is reflected in the fact that the shareholding increases of the related large shareholders have become a means for controlling shareholders to prevent the risk of equity pledge.     

Exchange Rates, Equity Prices, and Capital Flows

We develop an equilibrium model in which exchange rates, stockprices, and capital flows are jointly determined under incompleteforeign exchange (forex) risk trading. Incomplete hedging offorex risk, documented for U.S. global mutual funds, inducesthe following price and capital flow dynamics: Higher returnsin the home equity market relative to the foreign equity marketare associated with a home currency depreciation. Net equityflows into the foreign market are positively correlated witha foreign currency appreciation. The model predictions are stronglysupported at daily, monthly, and quarterly frequencies for 17OECD countries vis-à-vis the United States. Correlationsare strongest after 1990 and for countries with higher equitymarket capitalization relative to GDP, suggesting that the observedexchange rate dynamics is indeed related to equity market development.     

Foreign issuers in the U.S. PIPE market

We document that the use of private investment in public equity (PIPE) by foreign firms listed on U.S. exchanges is growing even faster than its use by U.S. firms. On average, foreign firm PIPE stock deals represent a similar proportion of the firm's market capitalization to U.S. firm PIPEs, but suffer less of a share price discount than U.S. firm PIPE issuances, a relation that is robust to consideration of exchange, deal size, share turnover and return volatility. We document that hedge funds are only small investors in foreign firm PIPEs issued in the U.S., which tend to be purchased by pensions, government funds and corporations. PIPE, in combination with the reverse merger method of going public, provides a cost-effective means for foreign firms to raise capital in the U.S. capital market.     

我国上市公司资本结构影响股权代理成本的实证分析

公司资本结构是公司治理结构的重要方面,它对公司代理成本有着直接的影响。本文对1990—2003年上市公司资本结构影响股权代理成本的实证分析表明,经营者持股比例与股权代理成本呈显著负相关;负债融资比例、法人股比例和第一大股东持股比例与股权代理成本呈不显著负相关;国家股比例和流通股比例与股权代理成本呈较显著正相关。这些研究结论表明,资本结构对股东、经营者和债权人之间的契约关系有着直接的影响,完善资本结构是完善我国上市公司治理结构从而降低代理成本的重要途径之一。     

Foreign portfolio equity holdings and capital gains taxation

Using panel data from 23 developed countries over the 2001–2011 period and employing the Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond dynamic panel estimation technique, this paper shows that the source country capital gains tax has a negative and statistically significant impact on foreign portfolio equity holdings. On average, a 1 percentage point increase in capital gains tax rate leads to 0.018% decrease in foreign equity holdings. The negative relationship between the capital gains tax and foreign equity holdings is found to be robust to alternative measures of the source country capital gains tax, inclusion of the dividend imputation tax rate, foreign dividend tax withheld rate, dividend tax credit and other control variables (the source and host country financial wealth, trade, exchange rate volatility, foreign listing and institutional quality). We find that a 1% increase in financial wealth of the source (host) country leads to, on average, a 0.428% (0.427%) increase in foreign equity holdings. An improvement in institutional quality has a positive effect on foreign equity holdings but an increase in the exchange rate volatility has the opposite effect.     

股权结构对财险公司风险承担行为影响的实证研究

本文从理论层面上剖析了公司股权结构对风险承担的影响及具体作用机理,然后基于2002~2018年我国77家财险公司的非平衡面板数据构建联立方程模型,利用三阶段最小二乘法(3SLS)进行参数估计。研究发现,股权结构对我国财险公司的风险承担行为存在显著影响。具体而言,股权集中度对承保风险存在显著正向影响,表现出"侵占效应";股权制衡度对承保风险存在显著负向影响,对投资风险存在显著正向影响;外资参股对承保风险和投资风险分别存在显著正向和负向影响,外资股东的进入有利于降低财产保险公司的投资风险,但在一定程度上会提高其承保风险。基于此,本文提出强化股权的穿透式监管、推进形成"相对集中、多股制衡"的股权结构以及适当引入外资丰富财险公司股权结构等建议。     

中国的短期国际资本流动——基于月度VAR模型的三重动因解析

本文在已有文献的基础上,选择短期国际资本流动及套利、套汇和套价三类因素共六个变量,采集2002年1月至2011年6月的中国月度数据构建VAR模型,分析三类因素对中国短期国际资本流动的驱动因素影响。结果表明,中国短期国际资本流动在较大程度上由其自身变化解释;在三大因素的可解释部分中,套汇因素的影响最大,且主要表现为预期汇率驱动,套价因素的影响次之,其表现为股价和房价驱动,套利因素的影响极弱。这一结论与中国外汇市场和货币市场的现状密切相关,同时对短期国际资本流入的监测管理和人民币汇率制度改革具有重要的启示意义。     

Foreign capital raising by Indian firms: An examination of domestic stock price response

We examine the domestic stock price response to foreign capital issuance by Indian firms. Firms have extensively used foreign equity and convertible foreign debt sources since 1994. The role of foreign investment bankers, size of the issue, firm's growth opportunities, and other factors are examined in the cross-sectional analysis of domestic stock price response. We find that firms experience positive stock price response to both equity and debt issues abroad, with greater response to issuance of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), and financing high corporate growth.     

金融服务实体经济的效率及影响因素研究 ——基于商业银行资产负债的实证分析

本文首先深入分析了商业银行的资产负债管理行为,构建商业银行追求利润的资产负债管理模型,从理论上分析出商业银行将资产配置到实体经济领域的影响因素。在此基础上,从金融监管的角度出发,将商业银行的资产负债项目进一步分类为杠杆类、通道类,利用25家商业银行2009到2018年的面板数据,实证分析针对商业银行的杠杆类、通道类资产负债的监管,对金融支持实体经济力度、价格的影响效果。结果显示：银行支持实体经济力度方面,银行的杠杆率对银行支持实体经济力度有显著正向效果,但是资金通道长度对银行支持实体经济力度的影响并不显著;银行支持实体经济的资金价格方面,杠杆率对银行资金价格的影响并不显著,但是通道长度则会显著增加资金成本;商业银行的国有、股份制、城商行性质对银行支持实体经济力度的影响也不显著,但是同等条件下,商业银行的国有性质会显著降低资金价格水平。