中国世界地质公园的资源类型、特点、现状及开发保护建议

建立国家地质公园对地球演化过程中形成的重要而独特的地质遗迹予以有效保护,是国际上通行的做法。目前,我国已建立了85处国家地质公园,其中12家地质公园已被联合国教科文组织批准成为世界地质公园。文章在界定地质遗迹、地质公园、世界地质公园基本概念的基础上,阐述世界地质公园的资源类型、特点以及发展状况,并借鉴国外的经验为我国世界地质公园的开发建设提出一些建议。     

中国国家地质公园建设与管理对策研究

截至到目前为止,中国已建立国家地质公园（National Geopark）85处,其中的12处被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界地质公园（World Geopark）.中国在地质公园的建设领域走在了世界的前列.阐述了地质公园建设背景及意义,通过对中国国家地质公园建设与管理的现状分析,针对其中存在的主要问题,从法律保障、管理体制、产权管理、资金投入和宣传促销5个方面提出了相关的对策及建议.     

中国国家地质公园理论研究综述

我国国家地质公园发展迅速，自2001年以来，已先后建立了138家国家地质公园。地质公园的快速发展使得国家地质公园的理论研究不断拓展、加深。本文通过对地质公园发展历程及中国地质公园理论研究成果的实证研究分析，系统地对近几年来地质公园理论研究进行了综述，最后得出了未来地质公园研究方向的结论，本文写作旨在为国家地质公园研究和宏观管理提供参考。     

房山世界地质公园生态人文旅游的态势分析及产业发展对策

地质旅游是传统旅游的延伸和发展,而地质公园不仅是具有较高科学品味的观光旅游场所,更是地质遗迹资源的重点保护区、地学研究与科普的基地。文章利用态势分析法对房山世界地质公园生态人文旅游发展的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行具体分析,在此基础上结合房山区域经济特点提出相应对策,以期实现世界地质公园的可持续发展。     

我国已建立138家国家地质公园

截至目前,我国已建立138家国家地质公园、20家世界地质公同,我国地质公园建设走在世界前列。     

漳州滨海火山旅游开发研究

漳州火山地质公园是全国11个第一批获得国家级地质公园的公园之一,是漳州市不可多得的滨海旅游资源。文章主要通过SWOT分析法对漳州火山地质公园旅游开发的优势、劣势、机会、威胁进行分析,研究结果表明,漳州滨海火山地质公园的旅游开发有助于促进漳州旅游业的发展,但机会与挑战、优势与威胁并存。提出漳州火山地质公园的开发策略,为滨海火山地质公园的开发与发展提供参考。     

基于可持续发展的世界地质公园旅游管理信息系统设计——以伏牛山世界地质公园为例

在研究世界地质公园发展及公园旅游管理信息系统构建必要性的基础上,依据可持续发展与GIS理论,设计了"伏牛山世界地质公园"旅游管理信息系统的九大数据库和五大功能子系统。九大数据库包括基础地理信息数据库、自然旅游资源信息数据库、人文旅游资源信息数据库、地图与遥感影像信息数据库、旅游景区景点信息数据库、旅游服务设施信息数据库、交通网络信息数据库、景区规划信息数据库;五大功能子系统包括旅游信息查询与检索系统、旅游数据处理与管理系统、旅游信息制图系统、旅游资源调查与评价分析系统、旅游产品的制作与显示系统等。     

地质公园令环境保护与旅游发展和谐相生

地质公园最早起源于18世纪的美国,是以具备地质科学意义、珍奇秀丽和独特的地质景观为主,融合自然景观与人文景观的公园,兼具自然保护与旅游的功能.我国是一个地貌类型多样、地质资源丰富的国家,目前正式批准开园的国家级地质公园已有138个,有20个被联合国教科文组织确定为世界地质公园.     

基于SWOT-AHP模型的化石类国家地质公园科普旅游开发研究——以贵州关岭化石群国家地质公园为例

采用SWOT-AHP模型对关岭化石群国家地质公园科普旅游开发的内部优势、内部劣势、外部机遇和外部威胁进行分析,探究化石类国家地质公园科普旅游开发的不足以及今后开发的侧重点。分析发现:关岭化石群国家地质公园科普旅游开发资源、周边旅游业发展、政策、科普旅游产品、品牌知名度、客源市场等指标综合权重分别为0.510 4、0.060 5、0.029 6、0.071 9、0.050 9、0.048 8,在未来科普旅游开发中应采取"优势—威胁"发展战略。依据分析结果,提出了以资源优势为基础、开发差异性科普旅游产品、打造优质科普基地、推进申遗或申世工作、打造古生物品牌、多维度解说等建议,以期探索一种适用于关岭国家地质公园的科普旅游开发思路,为化石类国家地质公园的可持续发展提供借鉴。     

丹霞山世界地质公园生命周期解析

从早期的山区到2004年成为世界地质公园,广东丹霞山的旅游发展实现了由不为人知到全球知名的变化,借助旅游地生命周期理论,对丹霞山旅游生命周期进行阶段划分和特征界定,认为民间、政府、专家、企业等开发主体在丹霞山的成功发展中产生了重要影响,其作用机制对其他旅游景区具有值得借鉴的启示意义.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.