Projecting growth of metropolitan areas

"This paper is about the determinants of growth of [U.S.] metropolitan areas (MSAs)." The authors review and evaluate the relevant literature.     

Tiebout choice and residential segregation by race in US metropolitan areas, 1980–2000

This article examines the link between local government fragmentation, or “Tiebout choice,” and segregation between black and white residents. As suggested by Tiebout [Tiebout, C., 1956. A pure theory of local public expenditures. Journal of Political Economy 64, 416–424.], fragmented local governance structures may encourage households to vote with their feet and sort into communities based on their willingness to pay for local public services. This outcome has been well documented. The nuance explored here is that, if the demand for local public services varies by race or if households have preferences for neighbors with specific racial characteristics, local government fragmentation may foster an increase in residential segregation by race across neighborhoods and jurisdictions. Results from metropolitan-level regressions suggest that increased Tiebout choice is associated with increases in black–white residential segregation within US metropolitan areas. Comparable results are obtained from household-level estimates, where the black racial composition of a household's census tract of residence is regressed on household-level controls and racially stratified measures of Tiebout choice. Results from both approaches suggest that a 10% increase in Tiebout choice would increase neighborhood segregation by no more than 1%, while segregation across jurisdictions would increase by between 4% and 7%.     

Inflation and health care costs in metropolitan areas.

This paper reports on an examination of the relationship between increases in health care costs in 23 Standard Metropolitan Statistical areas and various other changes in these communities over the period 1969-1977. The other changes examined consisted of 145 variables divided into 7 categories. The categories were termed demographic, economic, community illness, prices of other goods and services, hospital, physician, and technology factors. The results show that there was little relationship between rates of medical and hospital inflation and the examined variables. Total hospital costs could be related to several of the factors, the most important of which were demographic, economic, and hospital factors.     

Identifying socio-economic differences between high and low income metropolitan areas

This is an exploratory effort to describe some distinguishing socio-economic characteristics between high and low income metropolitan areas and to identify those regions with atypical socio-economic profiles.     

Market power of large cities and policy differences in metropolitan areas

When a single city, the ‘central city’, has a large share of the metropolis population, it will influence housing prices in other, smaller cities, the ‘suburbs’. This market power leads to differences in government policy and property values between the central city and suburbs even when residents and amenities in the two regions are identical. When the central city's government is controlled by property-owning residents, its property tax rate exceeds the rate in the suburbs. The central city will also have lower property values than suburbs.     

大城市户籍应该逐步放开

国家“十五”期间实施城市化战略。要推进城市化进程首要的是增加城市人口 ,有计划地减少农村人口。如何在经济社会可持续发展的同时 ,解决好几亿农民从农村到城镇的地域流动 ,是中国跨世纪城市化发展的重大问题。它的成功解决首要的是大城市和特大城市户籍制度改革。本文提出相关政策 :将户籍管理制度转变为户籍登记制度 ;建立城乡统一户口登记制度 ;积极调整户口迁移政策 ;取消城市保护就业措施 ;和逐步放开大城市户籍管理。     

Communication technologies and spatial organization of multi-unit firms in metropolitan areas

Departing from traditional location theory (which treats a firm as a single-unit entity), in this paper we consider that each firm consists of multiple units that exchange information or services. Specifically, we develop a general equilibrium model of the city,in which each firm consists of a front-unit (e.g. business office) and back-unit (e.g. plant or back-office). Each front-unit interacts with all other front-units for the purpose of business communications, while each back-unit exchanges information or management services only with the front-unit of the same firm. Each firm must choose the location of its front-unit and back-unit optimally. The equilibrium spatial configuration of the city is determined as an outcome of interactions among all firms and households through competitive land and labor markets. We show that, depending on parameters, a variety of interesting patterns of metropolitan spatial organization emerges.     

我国大都市地区耕地保护问题分析——以上海市为例

改革开放以来,伴随经济的高速发展,我国耕地资源大幅减退,尤其是在经济发达、城市化快速推进的大都市地区,耕地的数量和质量都已接近或低于安全警戒线,耕地保护问题已成为实现区域粮食与基本农产品供给安全、社会经济稳定和可持续发展的关键控制点.以上海市为例,阐述了大都市地区耕地保护的必要性与迫切性,以及进行耕地保护的困境与挑战,在此基础上探讨了耕地保护的对策与措施.     

Differentiating employment prospects by industry and returns to job search in metropolitan areas

The role of differentiating employment prospects by the industry of the employer in the job seeker's calculation of the returns to search is analyzed. It is demonstrated that returns to search can vary systematically between metropolitan areas because of differing mixes of industry employment; it is argued that an increase in a measure of dispersion in the industry mix will tend to raise returns to job search. To test this hypothesis, cross sections of census data on unemployment rates of male experienced workers in each of the seven major occupational groups were analyzed. Statistically significant regression equations were obtained for three occupational groups (craftsmen, nonfarm laborers, and operatives); in all these cases the results supported the hypothesis of the paper.     

武汉都市圈结构特征与结构优化研究

中国中部地区崛起迫切需要战略支点.在分析武汉市及周边城市初步具备都市圈形态的基础上,从规模结构、职能结构和空间结构的角度对武汉都市圈进行较为系统的分析,并提出了优化思路.     

大城市人口空间演变及城郊关系演进

国际经验表明,大都市区人口空间演变引发政治、经济、社会重心向郊区转移,并进一步带来城郊关系的调整,从而对大都市区的经济社会发展产生影响。1990年代以来,中国大城市经历了类似的过程,人口空间演变催生了平等、分工、协作的新型城郊关系。     

中国县内人口流动与就地城镇化

以2010年"六普"区县单元流动人口数据为基础,运用GIS地理加权回归分析探究县内人口流动对城镇化影响的区域差异,并辅以胡焕庸线划分地域进行分析,结合县内流动人口空间分布特征和城镇化影响特征,判断就地城镇化的潜力地区,以期为各地新型城镇化战略提供参考。结果表明:(1)县内人口流动与城镇化水平正相关,环渤海湾、华北平原北部、黄土高原、江南丘陵、两广丘陵地区未来城镇化发展适合走就地城镇化道路,华北平原南部江苏省、山东半岛和珠三角地区就地城镇化条件充分,区域均衡城镇化局面有望实现;(2)以胡焕庸线将中国划分为东南、西北两部分后可以甄别出西宁—兰州—银川—鄂尔多斯一线和新疆北部地区是西北地区就地城镇化的潜力地区。     

中国大城市发展和都市区的形成

改革开放以来,我国大城市发展迅速,出现了都市区这种新的城市空间形态.都市区将成为新世纪我国经济和城市化发展的重要地域空间形式,同时也对传统的城市发展战略、城市规划和管理提出了新的要求和挑战.分析了中国大城市的发展趋势和空间演变特征,阐述了中国都市区现象的出现及其发展前景,并对中国都市区的概念、界定标准以及都市区规划等问题进行了探讨.     

美国都市空间蔓延中的城乡冲突与统筹

20世纪后半叶美国等西方国家经历了逆城市化和都市蔓延,分散开发建设模式致使大量的农田被侵蚀,农业生产用地和产业链的连续性遭到破坏.由于传统规划在理念和技术方法上都无法应对这一问题,所以在这一背景下一些政府和学者展开了建设开发和农业保护的城乡统筹研究.首先对城乡冲突的问题和传统规划的缺陷进行分析,然后对地块开发引导、开发权转让等城乡统筹的主要技术手段进行描述,并针对我国的城乡发展和规划问题进行剖析.通过对美国城乡统筹的研究,力求为我国目前城市化快速发展时期的城乡问题提供参考和借鉴.     

“十四五”时期都市圈交通一体化发展探讨

十四五规划建议提出,要发挥中心城市和城市群带动作用,建设现代化都市圈。交通一体化对塑造都市圈空间形态、优化产业和人口格局、打造宜居生活环境具有重要的支撑和引领作用,是建设现代化都市圈的重要前提和基础。十四五时期,应立足都市圈自身发展的差异性和不同运输方式的适应性,聚焦都市圈差异化发展,加快相关规划编制、有序发展轨道交通、强化公路基础作用、完善管理体制机制,全面提升都市圈交通一体化发展水平。     

Investment and employment in manufacturing in U.S. metropolitan areas 1960–1976

This paper develops a simple vintage model of the relation between investment and employment in manufacturing. Parameters of the model are estimated using time series data for the US taken from the Surveys and Censuses of Manufactures conducted from 1954–1976. The results indicate that the age of the manufacturing capital stock was increasing in most major metropolitan areas during this period. Due to capital aging, the nature of technological change, and the pattern of depreciation, the amount of annual investment per worker required to sustain employment in manufacturing rose substantially. The dispersion of growth rates across areas also increased.