泰勒规则与麦克勒姆规则在中国货币政策中的检验

麦克勒姆规则不能为我国的货币政策提供一个参考尺度，主要原因在于我国不适合将基础货币作为货币政策的操作目标；泰勒规则可以为我国的货币政策提供一个参考尺度，衡量货币政策的松紧，货币市场利率应成为我国的货币政策操作目标。但我们的估计表明，通胀缺口和产出缺口对利率的调整系数皆为负值，这是一种不稳定的货币政策规则，这要求货币当局在实施货币政策中应提高利率时通胀和产出的调整程度。     

中国非线性审慎利率规则的实证研究

在构建一个包含利率、汇率、房价、股价和货币供应量的五因素金融条件指数基础上,进行信息预测检验,并基于非线性平滑转换模型构建非线性利率规则,将表征审慎因素的金融变量纳入货币政策规则,研究结果显示：相对于传统的非线性规则,考虑金融因素的审慎政策规则不仅可以刻画大部分时间内政策的线性调整,而且能够捕捉货币当局的时变操作行为,这一规则更加符合我国现实。     

利率政策执行效果的实证分析

本文采用前瞻性泰勒规则对新凯恩斯模型中的货币规则进行了修正,并运用修正后的模型,通过反应函数和区间分析方法对中国的货币政策进行了检验。检验的结果表明,修正后的新凯恩斯模型不仅可以很好地衡量中国的货币政策,而且得出了非常重要的经验性结论。从分析结果中我们可以看出,中国近期的货币政策在对经济进行宏观调控时起到了一定的积极作用,但是在利率没有完全自由浮动的前提下,利率政策还很难达到其理想的效果。     

中国货币政策规则的估计与比较

本文在DSGE模型框架下用贝叶斯方法对中国货币政策的利率规则和数量规则进行了估计,并比较了不同货币规则模型对数据的解释和预测能力,提供了货币规则随中国货币政策调控机制改革演化的证据。本文发现数量规则比利率规则在整体上更能解释中国的货币政策,但是利率规则的解释能力随着利率市场化改革的深入而逐渐提高,此外在利率规则中加入货币因素能显著提高模型对数据的解释和预测能力。     

开放经济下的泰勒规则检验——基于前瞻性货币政策反应函数

在研究中,通过借鉴中外学者理论,构造出开放经济下对泰勒规则研究的有效理论模型——前瞻性货币政策反应函数,进行GMM估计,得出了三个结论:第一,我国利率对通货膨胀和产出的反应不足;第二,我国经济的外部依赖性强;第三,我国利率调整呈现出一定"规则性"。因此,为提高我国货币政策的透明性、可信性和有效性,必须加快利率市场化进程,转变经济结构以减少对外国经济的依赖,提高中央银行政策的独立性,才能使中国货币政策由"相机抉择"型转变为"规则"型。     

泰勒规则与我国货币政策反应函数的实证研究

本文依据泰勒规则对我国1993-2003年期间货币政策进行了实证检验，发现基于利率平滑假设基础上的泰勒规则模型可以较好地拟合利率变动，并且总体而言，我国利率水平弹性不足，导致实际利率逆向变动，加大了产出和物价的波动。但1997年以后，名义利率的弹性有所增强，这有助于解释宏观经济波动幅度大幅下降的原因。     

货币政策冲销效果——理论框架与中国实践

本文在ORW模型框架下,通过最小化中央银行损失函数来获得中央银行反应函数,进而利用2000年至2014年的月度数据测算中国货币政策的抵消和冲销系数。研究发现：（1）中国的资本管制比较严格,货币政策抵消系数平均为0.38,而且递归估计的结果显示中国的管制政策趋于严格;（2）中国的货币冲销效果比较有效,货币政策冲销系数总体上达0.91以上,但冲销系数呈现高低起伏的阶段性变化;（3）以外部冲击在货币当局冲销政策下的衰减速度来代表货币政策独立性,中国高效的货币冲销和有效的资本管制确保了货币政策的独立性;（4）在资本流动趋于频繁的背景下,深化汇率制度改革是确保货币政策独立自主的关键。     

基于状态空间模型的我国货币状况指数分析

构建纳入汇率因素的货币条件指数作为货币政策操作的参考指标,可以有效地缓解开放经济条件下货币政策的决策困境,有助于货币当局获得一个全面反映货币松紧程度的定量指标,以利于货币政策的顺利实施。为此利用状态空间模型可以估算实际利率、实际有效汇率和货币供给增长率在货币状况指数中的时变权重,从而得出1996年以来扩展的货币状况指数,并结合我国货币政策与宏观经济形势解析我国经济发展中的货币政策环境的变化。     

利率市场化:未来之路

中国于20世纪80年代后期开始了利率市场化的尝试,目标是建立资本成本的市场自行定价、提高货币政策传导效率和优化金融资源配置。利率市场化改革的最初路线图是首先放开货币市场和债券市场利率,     

金融发展中的货币需求稳定性研究--基于1994～2005年的协整分析

本文以经济改革和金融发展为背景，从经典货币需求理论分析出发，运用协整检验和误差校正模型对我国货币需求的稳定性问题展开研究。分析结果表明，货币需求、国民收入、利率和通货膨胀率之间存在协整关系；我国货币需求主要受收入因素影响而呈现出长期稳定性特征，长期稳定的货币需求对其即期增长的抑制作用不明显，货币需求函数表现出高收入弹性和低利率弹性，而利率的外生性削弱了货币需求对利率的调节作用；基于VEC模型的短期Granger因果检验，支持货币量、利率和货币政策最终目标之间短期均衡关系的存在。     

Financial conditions and monetary policy in the US

We examine the FED’s monetary policy rule with financial stability considerations and under asymmetry. We use the National Financial Conditions Index constructed by the Chicago FED in order to test whether financial stability concerns enter monetary policy formulations in the US. We model nonlinearity in monetary policy by a Markov regime-switching model. The results show that the monetary policy implemented by the FED can be characterized as a two-state Markov process and financial instability significantly increases the likelihood of regime-switching from a “tranquil” to a “distressed” regime. Moreover, the likelihood of a switch in the FED’s monetary policy regime between tranquil and distressed seems to increase when a certain threshold level of the financial conditions index is reached. Finally, our results seem to be robust to alternative specifications of the reaction function and different forms of non-linearity.     

Monetary policy transparency in a forward-looking market: Evidence from the United States

Because unsatisfactory measures of the monetary policy transparency were used, the existing literature found mixed empirical results for the relationship between the monetary policy transparency and risk/volatility. This paper extends the literature by using a recently developed monetary transparency index [Kia’s (2011) index] which is dynamic and continuous. Furthermore, the existing literature ignores the fact that market participants can be forward looking and, therefore, not policy invariant. This study also finds that the agents in the market are not policy invariant and the more transparent the monetary policy is the less risky and volatile the money market will be.     

Monetary policy,housing rents,and inflation dynamics

In this paper we study the effect of monetary policy shocks on housing rents. Our main finding is that, in contrast to house prices, housing rents increase in response to contractionary monetary policy shocks. We also find that, after a contractionary monetary policy shock, rental vacancies and the homeownership rate decline. This combination of results suggests that monetary policy may affect housing tenure decisions (own versus rent). In addition, we show that, with the exception of the shelter component, all other main components of the consumer price index (CPI) either decline in response to a contractionary monetary policy shock or are not responsive. These findings motivated us to study the statistical properties of alternative measures of inflation that exclude the shelter component. We find that measures of inflation that exclude shelter have most of the statistical properties of the widely used measures of inflation, such as the CPI and the price index for personal consumption expenditures, but have higher standard deviations and react more to monetary policy shocks. Finally, we show that the response of housing rents accounts for a large proportion of the “price puzzle” found in the literature.     

证券市场的货币政策传导功能实证研究

货币政策是货币当局对经济进行宏观调控的重要工具，政策的有效性首先取决于金融领域的传导机制。长期以来我国的货币政策一直以银行信贷为主要传导枢纽，但随着资本市场的发展，其传导功能将日益强化。本文通过实证分析，建议实施货币政策时应充分考虑资本市场对货币政策传导功能的影响。     

Divisia monetary aggregates for Russia: Money demand,GDP nowcasting and the price puzzle

The lack of developed financial markets and well-functioning transmission channels assigns monetary aggregates in emerging economies the potential role of nominal anchor, intermediate target, or informational variable for monetary policy. The effectiveness of this approach relies crucially on the correct measurement of money, which is not fulfilled by the conventional index based on the simple sum of financial assets. This paper calculates alternative Divisia monetary aggregates for Russia over the period 1998–2019, which account for the level of liquidity of a given monetary asset by assigning weights according to the usefulness of that asset for transaction services. Divisia is found to follow a markedly different growth pattern from the simple sum, whereby deviations between the two series are even more pronounced when foreign currency accounts are included. We conduct three empirical exercises to demonstrate the advantages of Divisia over the simple sum. Divisia confirms the stability of the money demand function and reflects portfolio shifts in response to changes in the opportunity cost of money. Divisia-based GDP nowcasting performs better in times of financial turmoil than the simple sum. Lastly, Divisia mitigates the price puzzle phenomenon relative to the conventional measure. We conclude that Divisia monetary aggregates would improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in Russia.     

How better monetary statistics could have signaled the financial crisis

This paper explores the disconnect of Federal Reserve data from index number theory. A consequence could have been the decreased-systemic-risk misperceptions that contributed to excess risk-taking prior to the housing bust. We find that most recessions in the past 50 years were preceded by more contractionary monetary policy than indicated by simple-sum monetary data. Divisia monetary aggregate growth rates were generally lower than simple-sum aggregate growth rates in the period preceding the Great Moderation, and higher since the mid 1980s. Monetary policy was more contractionary than likely intended before the 2001 recession and more expansionary than likely intended during the subsequent recovery.     

货币政策的数量型工具与价格型工具的调控绩效比较——来自动态随机一般均衡模型的证据

本文基于我国经济发展现实,构建了包含金融加速器、工资调整粘性以及消费惯性的新凯恩斯动态随机一般均衡模型,从货币政策的冲击效应、非政策冲击下宏观经济波动幅度以及中央银行损失函数等三个方面对比了不同货币工具的调控绩效,研究显示,价格型工具的调控绩效优于数量型工具,而稳健性分析也对此提供了进一步证明。因此,中央银行应积极地运用利率工具以更有效控制通货膨胀和实际产出波动,维护宏观经济稳定。     

国际短期资本流动对货币政策有效性的影响分析——基于VAR模型和脉冲响应函数的研究

采用VAR模型和冲脉效应函数实证分析国际短期资本流动对货币政策有效性的影响分析,结果显示：货币供给量、利率和国际短期资本流动之间具有长期稳定的均衡关系;利率变动和货币供给之间反向变动;国际短期资本流动对货币政策有效性的影响已经显现,然而国际短期资本流动带来的货币供应量的上升被国家货币政策的调控所冲销,而且冲销力度过大;由于我国对资本流动进行管制,因此隐蔽性资本流动对货币政策效果目标的影响不明显;进出我国的国际短期资本的套利动机虽然不显著,但是国际短期资本流动和利率的关联性已经很强。最后,以实证结果为依据,提出相应对策建议。     

股市“财富效应”对我国货币政策的影响

伴随着中国证券市场的长足发展 ,股市的“财富效应”也日益显著。本文从分析股市“财富效应”及“财富负效应”影响货币政策的机制入手 ,进而探讨了其对我国现行货币政策的冲击 ,并相应提出了几点政策建议。     

Fiscal versus monetary policy: An application of transfer functions

This paper supports the arguments that monetary policy is stronger than fiscal policy but that both are seriously inadequate when used in a discretionary fashion. These conclusions are reached by estimating a dynamic reduced form equation ( a transfer function) of gross national product on monetary base and government spending for the period 1953–1975. The estimating procedure follows the outline of Box and Jenkins (1976). This transfer function is used both to make some general remarks concerning the specification of the structural form of a small macroeconomic model and to evaluate actual stabilization policy by means of various simulations.