Wealth Effects on Self-Insurance and Self-Protection against Monetary and Nonmonetary Losses

This paper considers the wealth effects on self-insurance and self-protection activities against possible losses of monetary wealth such as properties and nonmonetary wealth such as health. Increased initial income or monetary wealth decreases the demand for self-insurance against monetary wealth loss under the decreasing absolute risk aversion assumption, and has an ambiguous effect on self-protection. However, increased initial monetary wealth increases both self-insurance and self-protection against health loss, explaining empirical trends, if wealth and health are complements. When multiple self-insurance activities against both types of losses are considered, the effect of an increase in initial monetary wealth on self-insurance against health loss remains the same, but the effect on self-insurance against wealth loss depends on the preferences. JEL Classification No: D81, G22     

Self-Protection, Information and the Precautionary Principle

In this paper we examine the effect of information on investment in self-protection. We show that the relationship between more information and investment in self-protection is ambiguous in general. If absolute risk aversion is constant, then investment in self-protection always decreases with a better information structure. We show that if we interpret the Precautionary Principle as requiring more self-protection today, it is difficult to accept it on the grounds of efficiency, except for a particular subset of information structures.     

限额存款保险与中国银行业的市场约束

一般认为,限额存款保险制度让存款人的资产部分地暴露于风险之中,从而市场约束虽然比无保险状态下较弱但仍然有效,因此世界上实行存款保险制度的国家多采用限额保险。本文认为,中国银行业特殊的股权结构,以及长期以来政府对大银行的资金支持形成了存款人规模偏好和银行大而不倒(too big to fail)的预期;这一预期特征必将异化市场约束,进而导致银行陷入无序的规模竞争并激励其风险承担;如果单纯实施限额存款保险制度,非但不能修正中国商业银行市场约束的异化问题,而且将强化公众的大而不倒预期,使市场约束面临更严重的扭曲。     

Deregulation,Pricing Strategies,and Claim Behavior in the Taiwan Automobile Insurance Market

Stringent pricing regulations have long been in effect in the Taiwan automobile insurance market. In April 2009, a pricing deregulation was adopted, enabling insurers to establish their own auto insurance premium rates. This study examines the effects of deregulation in terms of three hypotheses that we propose pertaining to market shares, loading factors, and last policy month claims. The quantitative analysis results show that pricing deregulation prompts insurers to lower their rates. The effects of deregulation for insurers are determined by not only the decision to deduct premiums and the deduction percentages, but also by policy type.     

从博弈论看保险市场信息不对称的本质及规范举措

博弈论是研究信息不对称问题的一种有效方法。保险业作为信息不对称最为集中的行业，保险人与被保险人之间存在着严重的信息不对称，特别是被保险人的逆向选择、道德风险和保险人的违规操作等现象普遍存在，长期困扰着保险界。     

中国非寿险市场多极化格局演变趋势

近年来，我国非寿险市场集中度加速下降，多极化竞争格局日趋明显。主要原因包括两个方面，一是进入壁垒大幅下降带来的新的市场主体的增加，二是新兴股份制财险公司的超常规业务发展。     

我国保险资金与资本市场相互关系实证研究

本文选择资本市场和保险资金市场具有代表性的时间序列数据进行实证研究,分析了我国保险资金与资本市场之间的Granger因果关系、长期均衡关系和短期波动情况,并结合实证研究的结果对我国保险资金投资运用和资本市场的发展提出了相关的建议。     

寿险企业市场风险相关性实证研究

本文通过采用时变Copula-GARCH-t模型对四家上市寿险企业的市场风险及其时变相关性进行建模,并将2008年次贷危机纳入研究的时间窗口,以考察寿险企业市场风险相关性在不同经济环境下的时变特征。实证研究结果表明,上述模型能够较为充分地描述现实情况,并且从中发现寿险企业间市场风险相关性明显地随时间变化而变化,在金融危机时期有较高的相关度,而在正常时期相关度则有所回落,而各寿险企业的这一变化趋势呈现出较高的一致性。     

保险市场失灵与规模粮农生产稳定性:文献综述与理论解释

规模粮农能否通过保险市场转嫁风险进而提高生产稳定性,与乡村振兴战略的实施效果密切相关。据此,本文对相关研究进行梳理,以期厘清农业保险市场与规模粮农生产稳定性之间的关系。研究表明:(1)规模化经营是中国农业发展的主要方向与趋势;(2)规模化经营将导致粮农面临更大的风险,进而刺激粮农的保险需求;(3)中国农业保险市场普遍存在供给不足和需求有限的市场失灵问题;(4)市场失灵导致"保险供给与规模粮农生产稳定性的关系研究"结论不明确。综述可证:第一,中国情境下的"保险与规模粮农生产稳定性"研究须考虑市场失灵问题;第二,保险市场失灵不利于规模粮农的生产稳定性。     

我国开发环境责任保险的战略选择

环境责任保险是一种新型保险品种,开发环境责任保险有利于保险业的发展、环境保护和环境污染受害人的权益.国家应该根据具体情况对环境责任保险予以干预,根据实际需要选择环境责任保险的模式,采取差别保险利率、强制保险和由政府给予支持的模式.     

保险资金入市的效应分析及其风险管理

保险资金进入资本市场，以多种方式投资于证券业务，是保险业自身经营发展的需要，也是增强我国保险业的盈利性和竞争力的需要。保险资金入市在给保险公司带来高收益的同时，必然伴随着高风险。无论是保险公司还是监管部门，建立有效的风险控制和监管机制，加强投资风险防范，保障资金安全都是十分必要的。     

农险市场中的保险公司道德风险研究

在过往十余年我国农业保险的跨越式发展中,保险公司的道德风险问题日益凸显。本文通过微观案例界定保险公司道德风险的内涵与类别,基于博弈视角分析其产生机理,结果发现:在政府和保险公司的委托代理关系中,由于二者的目标诉求不同,若政府对保险公司的农业保险业务不能给予有效监管,则保险公司不遵守经营规范所得收益要大于其遵守经营规范所得收益,从而导致保险公司出现违规经营业务的道德风险问题;相关部门可以通过完善监管政策、整合监管资源、优化协办机制、加大监管力度、设置差异化保险合约等措施来减少农业保险市场中保险公司的道德风险。     

预定利率市场化必将促成寿险市场多赢局面

不放开传统寿险产品的预定利率,传统产品就无法做大,就无法发挥其社会保障功能。只要把住偿付能力监管,市场就不会出现无序竞争。展望未来,需要更多地站在行业的角度、客户的立场来开发产品、开拓市场,唯此整个保险业才能在社会保障体系中进一步确立应有的地位,才能充分发挥经济补偿、资金融通、社会管理三大职能,才能真正实现全方位的发展,才能真正让投资者分享到行业的成长价值。     

基于两个“中心”建设的上海保险市场发展

上海“两个中心”建设已经成为了一项国家战略,而保险业在其中则发挥着必不可少的作用。保险起源于海上国际航运,并已成为国际航运不可或缺的组成部分,对促进航运、贸易起着重要作用。同时,保险市场是国际金融中心建设的重要组成部分,保险业和银行、证券业一起共同拉动,产生协同效应,才能真正成为国际金融中心。国际金融中心往往要具备一定的金融规模、较高的金融效率以及金融交易的安全性、金融交易的国际化等基础条件,围绕“两个中心、一个试验区、一个基地”的要求,上海保险业正在积极推进各项工作。     

The Evolution and Development of the Swedish Insurance Market

In this paper we provide an overview of the historical development of the insurance market in Sweden from the eighteenth century up to modern times. We consider theoretical perspectives drawn from the economics and political regulation literature that might help to explain important institutional features of the market - in particular, its oligopoly structure, the lack of foreign participation and the significant presence of mutual forms of organisation. We also offer a prognosis as to the current challenges and prospects of the Swedish insurance market in an increasingly competitive and global market.     

Risk Mutualization and Competition in Insurance Markets

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of mutual firms on competition in the insurance market. We distinguish two actors in this market: mutual firms, which belong to their pooled members, and traditional companies, which belong to their shareholders. Our approach differs from the literature by one crucial assumption: the expected utility of the consumers depends on the size of their insurance firm, which generates network externalities in this market. Thus, the choice of a contract results in a trade-off between the premium level and the probability of that premium being ex-post adjusted. The optimal contract offered by a mutual firm involves a systematic ex-post adjustment (negative or positive), while the contracts a company offers imply a fixed premium that is possibly negatively adjusted at the end of the contractual period. In an oligopoly game, we show that three types of configurations are possible at equilibrium: either one mutual firm or insurance company is active, or a mixed structure emerges in which two or more companies share the market with or without a mutual firm.     

论保险公司关联交易的转让定价与监管

经济全球化下保险业的国际融合愈发突出。跨国保险公司设立境外子公司开展保险业务是国际保险市场一体化的重要形式。由于各个国家税法各不相同,主权国家税权的独立性使得跨国保险公司可以利用关联方交易中的转让定价规则降低或转移税赋。保险公司关联交易相对于其他行业而言交易业务比较特殊,保险监管只有结合关联方交易特点制定相关的转让定价管理规则,才能有效地维护国家税权,促进良性竞争和保障市场秩序。     

On Microfoundations of the Dual Theory of Choice

We show that Yaari's dual theory of choice under risk may be derived as an indirect utility when a risk-neutral agent faces financial imperfections. We consider an agent that maximizes expected discounted cash flows under a bid-ask spread in the credit market. It turns out that the agent evaluates lotteries as if she were maximizing Yaari's dual utility function. We also generalize the dual theory of choice for unbounded lotteries.     

The Role of Tax Subsidies in the Market for Health Insurance

This paper investigates the role of tax subsidies in linking the market for health insurance to the employment relationship. Using both American and Canadian data, it investigates how these subsidies influence whether health insurance coverage is offered in different sized firms and whether it is offered through an employer versus the individual private market. The findings indicate that tax subsidies encourage the provision of insurance in smaller firms. Removal of the subsidies would cause the level of insurance in small firms to decline significantly, but would not cause a large change in the level of insurance in larger firms. Part of this decline would be offset by increases in the market for individually purchased insurance.     

车险费率市场化及国内财险公司的应对策略

＂十二五＂时期车险费率市场化改革可能在全国范围内推行,这将会对整个车险市场产生深远影响。国内财险公司应积极把握车险费率市场化政策机遇,采取创新产品服务、拓宽销售渠道、控制费用以及互利合作等策略,避免单纯的价格竞争,促进我国车险市场的健康有序发展。