关于扩大消费需求促进经济发展的几个问题

今年"中消协"确定的主题:"消费与发展",是很有意义、很重要的.扩大消费需求是促进经济发展的主要动力.我在这里,就这个影响经济又好又快发展的问题,提出一些粗浅的意见,向同志们请教.     

关于消费教育的几个问题

我们今天开消费教育研讨会很有意义。在这里,我提出几个问题和大家一起讨论,并向同志们请教。一、为什么要开这个会,它有什么意义?这是基于两个方面的原因:一方面,随着社会经济的发展,消费教育问题越来越重要;另一方面,我国目前消费教育还赶不上形势的发展,面临着严峻的挑战。消费教育为什么很重要呢?这是因为:第一,它体现社会主义市场经济的本质要求。市场经济是消费者主权经济。要使消费者真正成为主人,实现他应有的主权,就必须使其具有较高的维权意识和能力,具有较高的素质(政治思想素质、科学文化素质),这就必须加强消费教育。市场经济…     

略论扩大消费需求与改善民生

"中消协"确定今年的主题是"消费与民生",这个问题极为重要,具有很强的理论意义和实践意义。我在这里,就扩大消费需求与改善民生问题,发表一点粗浅的意见,请同志们多加指正。一、改善民生的重大意义我深深感到:保障和改善民生,作用极大,具体说:     

改变财政状况要靠政策

耀邦同志在党的十二次大会上指出,在这五年期间要争取财政状况的根本好转,这关系到我国到2000年战略目标的实现。当前,在财政收和支的状况,支出已经打得很紧,弹性不是很大了,主要是收入上升慢,幅度小,不能满足经济、文化建设发展的需要。怎样把收入促上去,就成为当前解决财政问题的关键。这里只就这个问题讲一点意见。     

不断提高消费质量全面建设小康社会

党的十六大明确提出:我国已进入“全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的新的发展阶段”。我们这次会议,就是从消费经济方面探讨全面建设小康社会一些重大的理论与实践问题,包括扩大消费需求、提高消费水平、优化消费结构和产业结构、提高消费质量、营造放心消费环境以及缩小地区差距等问题。从理论与实践的结合上,探索全面小康社会的进程及其实现。我在这里,只是从提高消费质量方面,谈点初步的意见。一、提高消费质量对全面建设小康社会的作用人的生活质量主要体现为消费质量。我认为,不断提高消费质量,是全面建设小康社会的重要内容…     

在金融支持小微企业座谈会上的致辞

尊敬的各位嘉宾、同志们、朋友们: 大家上午好! 在《国务院关于进一步支持小型微型企业健康发展的意见》下发一周年之际,为贯彻刚刚发布的《国务院办公厅关于金融支持经济结构调整和转型升级的指导意见》,我们今天在这里举行座谈会,探讨金融如何更好地为小微企业服务的问题.这既是为了贯彻落实国务院文件精神,也体现了社会各界对小微企业融资问题的关心,同时反映了金融机构和小微企业的共同愿望.首先,我代表中国个体劳动者协会向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎!向给予本次会议大力支持的黑龙江盛兴集团股份有限公司表示衷心的感谢!     

创新消费经济学方法,推动消费经济研究的发展

今天是《消费经济》杂志创刊20周年，大家都对这个杂志作了充分的肯定，我完全赞成同志们的意见。在此，我也想谈谈自己的一点意见。     

谈谈消费经济学的发展问题--兼谈"广义消费经济学"

这次全国第六次消费经济理论与实践研讨会在我们学院举行,我感到十分荣幸.在这里,我想就消费经济的发展问题,谈谈自己的看法.     

在中国国际贸易学会成立大会上的讲话

<正> 各位代表、各位同志: 首先,请允许我代表中国社会科学院财贸经济研究所全体同志热烈祝贺中国国际贸易学会的成立,衷心感谢大家对我们研究所工作的一贯支持与合作。下面讲四点意见,请同志们指正。一、从十一届三中全会到六中全会是中国革命历史上一个重要的转变时期。大好的形势激励着我们,艰巨的任务要求我们团结一致,认真探索适合我国国情的社会主义建设的道路,包括从国内外实际出发,结合国际贸易发展的规律,认真探索我国社会主义     

试谈我国体育产业在市场经济体制中存在的问题及发展对策

随着以市场为取向的经济体制改革的进一步深化,体育消费呈现出广阔的市场需求和良好的增长势头,体育产业因此成为国民经济新的消费增长点和投资热点。体育产业在我国发展虽方兴未艾,但在取得很大成绩的同时,也产生了很多急需解决的问题。     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Healthy Investments in Investing in Health

This article discusses socially responsible investing (SRI) and tobacco. SRI allows investors, both institutional and individual, to express their concerns and make their social and ethical stands known to the companies they invest in and patronize. The tobacco industry is active in every country on the globe and generates huge profits, while tobacco use is responsible for 4 million deaths every year.The authors explore past and current views on investment in tobacco, partly based on a survey conducted by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is clearly a trend toward divestment from tobacco for both ethical and financial reasons. Tobacco-free investments can be both ethically sound and financially profitable.     

Developments in Consumer Protection in India

This paper surveys the major developments in the field of consumer protection in India since 1984, when the statutory provisions for regulating unfair trade practices were incorporated for the first time.Among the developments described in the paper is the strengthening of provisions for consumer protection through amendments to the Act regulating restrictive and monopolistic trade practices (the MTRP Act). Public-sector undertakings and co-operative societies have been brought within the purview of the Act, and consumers have obtained the right to participate in inquiry proceedings before the MRTP Commission.Consumers and their associations have been given the right to seek redress of grievances arising out of the violation of certain pieces of legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in order to provide speedy and inexpensive redress of consumers' grievances. Redress can now be sought before any consumer court also for negligence or deficiency in medical services.The Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, has strengthened the measures for the standardisation and quality control of manufactured goods.A Consumer Welfare Fund has been set up to provide financial assistance to voluntary consumer organisations and for the general development of consumer movement in the country. A spurt in voluntary consumer organisations in different parts of the country can also be observed.Other developments include the establishment of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in the Union Government and the setting up of a Consumer Product Testing Laboratory.     

关于我国资产证券化若干问题的探讨

资产证券化是一项复杂的金融工具创新,引进和实施这种新型的融资工具需要大量的配套工作。我国实施资产证券化需要解决特设机构的设立、基础资产的选择、破产隔离、信用增级、会计处理、税收政策以及立法和监管等方面的问题。     

Economic Keywords in 2007 in China

RMB exchange rate The exchange rate of Renminbi,the Chinese currency, witnessed an appreciation of around six percent to one U.S. dollar this year. On December 13, the central parity rate stood at RMB 7.3568 against one dollar,according to the Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading System, breaking the 7.36 mark.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

粤北山区砖园仓储粮机械通风应用研究

在砖园仓机械通风应用试验中,正确运用理论计算,精确得出通风技术数据,依此设计通风系统,结果表明：在实仓运行中,检测的主要技术参数和设计值基本相符,经136h通风,粮温从38℃降至13℃,吨粮降温耗电0.011℃,降温好、电耗低,证明设计方法正确,符合南方稻谷产区,解决了基层普遍存在的砖园仓机械通风盲目设计问题,为规范设计作出了示范,验证了粮层压力正确计算方法。     

Recent advances in reinforcement learning in finance

The rapid changes in the finance industry due to the increasing amount of data have revolutionized the techniques on data processing and data analysis and brought new theoretical and computational challenges. In contrast to classical stochastic control theory and other analytical approaches for solving financial decision-making problems that heavily reply on model assumptions, new developments from reinforcement learning (RL) are able to make full use of the large amount of financial data with fewer model assumptions and to improve decisions in complex financial environments. This survey paper aims to review the recent developments and use of RL approaches in finance. We give an introduction to Markov decision processes, which is the setting for many of the commonly used RL approaches. Various algorithms are then introduced with a focus on value- and policy-based methods that do not require any model assumptions. Connections are made with neural networks to extend the framework to encompass deep RL algorithms. We then discuss in detail the application of these RL algorithms in a variety of decision-making problems in finance, including optimal execution, portfolio optimization, option pricing and hedging, market making, smart order routing, and robo-advising. Our survey concludes by pointing out a few possible future directions for research.