Experience of design management in Taiwan

Design management is one kind of strategic not only as the behavior of enterprise but also as the strategy of government. An area, and even a country needs to establish its own brand value and establish the whole excellent image of all products and all enterprises in this economic region to enhance the competitive ability in this region. In this aspect, the successful experience of design management in Chinese Taiwan area should be the model. The design strategy in Taiwan is a sort of long-range program made by region government. It promoted production style from OEM （Original Equipment Manufacture） to ODM （Original Design Manufacture） and from ODM to OBM （Original Brand Manufacture）. The whole process includes three five-year plans for improving product quality, design and brand. It proposed ＂the innovation value＂ which was the explicit region image and promoted fruitful design-popularizing and design-communion.     

Cost Effectiveness Analyses Models in the Defence System in Republic Bulgaria

The thesis resulting from the research on the ＂costs-effects＂ relation is the principle of economic efficiency of defence capabilities. At first glance, the arguments in this direction are well-known and popular in crisis situations of various nature, including the current financial and economic crisis in the country, and the question about the cost of public welfare-security and defence is debatable. This cost is manifested through the defence capabilities of a country. In the new security environment, the compilation of a national defence strategy is a priority of the Defence Ministry, which has more and more limited resources. This means that they should be treated as an economic activity. An economic activity is considered as any purposeful activity, allocating and combining scarce resources among alternatives, making it possible to maximize the outcomes and minimize costs. The ratio between the costs and benefits of a given resource or combination of resources to achieve a pre-defined objective is pushed to the forefront and the rationalization of management decisions is based on it. This necessitates a cost effectiveness analysis, hence the evaluation of the outcomes （benefits） is manifested in the ＂cost-effect （benefit）＂ analysis. Defence as a product has the basic features of any commodity or service, i.e. it is designed for exchange, is useful, and meets certain needs. But due to the fact that it meets very specific needs （,preservation of the territorial integrity of the country and improving its national security）, it is distinguished by certain features which may be summarized as follows： collectivity of production and consumption of defence as a product necessary to the public, expressed by its consumption indivisibility; lack of market valuation of the price of defence as a product upon its consumption （as a monetary expression of its value）; the usefulness of defence as a product is reflected in its capacity to meet the system＇s needs for security and defence, which dete     

Climate Change and Green Growth： A Perspective of the Division of Labor

This paper presents a new research agenda on climate change and green growth from the perspective of the division of labor in classical economics. The paper covers three major dimensions of green growth （i.e. carbon emissions, environmental proteetion and material resources use） and some related important topics, as well as the fresh policy implications of the new research agenda, Typical marginal analysis in a given structure of the division of labor suggests that ＂green＂ action is a burden to economic development. Therefore, climate negotiation has become a burden-sharing game and has reached a stalemate. New thinking is badly needed to rescue these negotiations and to drive a shift to a new ＂green growth＂ paradigm. The proposed new research agenda represents an effort to create a new narrative on climate change and green growth. Because the new research agenda can theoretically predict the possibility that a more competitive structure of the division of labor could be triggered by ＂＇green ＂＇ policy, it has promising policy implications for various important challenges facing us in the 21st century.     

Brazilian Micro-enterprises＇ An Exploratory Study on Marketing Strategies

This article aims to present the main marketing concepts applied by Brazilian micro-enterprises within a brief contextualization of a marketing plan. The methodology involved qualitative research development applied at the Trianon Fair, traditional event on Sundays on the sidewalks of the AvenidaPaulista in the city of Silo Paulo. Another research was carried out involving non-probabilistic sample with micro-businesses from various segments in the city that were chosen for their accessibility. From the results, product characteristics were elaborated, pricing, and distribution, that compose the application analyses of the marketing tools for micro-businesses and theoretical evolution have stemmed from the bibliographical research as well as field research and observational studies by the authors of the article. The goal is not to exhaust the topic nor to construct a Marketing Plan, but rather to contribute to the discussion, learning, and use of a marketing mix in the segment of micro-enterprises in a more assertive manner. It was concluded that there is no doubt as to the importance of micro-enterprises for any country. His contribution lies mainly in optical innovation and creativity because these companies can test new models of work, management, products, and services. It should be noted that micro-enterprises are greatly responsible for job generation in our country, denoting their prominent social and ecological perspective. More than a transient way of earning money, the reality of micro-enterprises should be considered as a social and economic phenomenon capable of generating regional and, consequently, global growth.     

Process-Oriented Management in Public and Private Sector

The aim of the paper is to discuss the differences between the process-oriented management in public sector organizations and private sector organizations. It is also to present the consequences of implementation of this approach and to suggest areas for further research. The process management is based on the assumption that actions should be optimized by taking into account processes, which create the dynamics of an organization. These processes are constituted by sequences of activities, which turn ideas and efforts of members of an organization into an outcome expected by a client. It seems that the implementation of the process-oriented management in organizations of the public administration may facilitate the following current clients needs and identifying new ones, which are due to changes in needs of citizens or legal requirements. The paper gives an account of the process-oriented management approach and consequences of its implementation in public sector organizations. It also discusses the obstacles to the process-oriented management implementation, primarily in the public sector. The paper is theoretical and the presented ideas need further empirical investigation. The findings can be used to enhance process-oriented management systems both in the public and private sector.     

Nature/Culture Dichotomy in China’s Ecological Resettlement Policy——Research based on Wustu Village,IMAR,PRC

Ecological resettlement,as a subsidiary policy of the Central Government’s environmental policy,is now attracting increasing domestic and international attention.The amount of immigrants involved in the policy serves as one reason to raise concerns about the issue,and its side effects (especially the loss of ethnic cultures and the dilemma of some ethnic minority herders and farmers) gave rise to multi-lateral discussions about the policy.The ecological and economic effects of the policy are the primary focus of present research,while the cultural analysis (esp.concerning the social and political forces that fostered and implemented the policy) of the State’s environmental and ecological resettlement policy is lacking.Based on my field research in Wustu village,IMAR,this paper relates the cultural basis of these policies with China’s desire to establish a harmonious society and argues that respect for minority cultures as well as local participation of immigrants are key to solving China’s environment issues.     

A Study of Chinese Government’s Policies in Industrial Pollution Mitigation

I. Introduction The dynamic tension between the quest for higher economic growth and the responsible maintenance of environment quality has fueled many lively debates around the globe. Some experts argue that the decision-makers in industry need to factor in sustainable environmental measures as every bit as important as the bottom line, while some otherscholars have started to wonder whether it is the production techniques or government policy that should be applied to pollution control. It i…     

The Scale of Public Debt in China

In measuring the present scale of China's public debt, two different types of indexes, stock index and flow index, should be employed separately. The scale of public debt in China, developing from zero in 1979 to what it is today in a short period of a little over 20 years, results from the compound effects of factors such as institutional reform, tax "default", non-standardized government revenue, borrowing new debts to repay old ones, and an expansionary fiscal policy. Under the background of China's current situation, to prevent the latent risk of public debt, we must focus on diminishing the comparatively high debt dependence degree with mutual effects of multiple factors.     

Marketing Decision Support System Based on Multi-agent Collaborative Model

The marketing decision-making takes the marketing mix as the core. It integrates many kinds of knowledge or abilities, and many human experts collaborate to achieve suitable decisions. So, it is appreciate to apply multi-agent technology to construct marketing decision support system. Through analyzing characteristics of marketing decision-making, decision task decomposition pattern based on semantic network, the task decomposition method and multi-agent cooperation mechanism are proposed. And, the prototype system （MkDSSMA） has been developed at the basis of these research results to examine proposed method. At the same time, MkDSSMA is an interactive platform; decision-maker and various domains experts participate in the decision-making which is taken as special agents.     

2003年以来中国的宏观经济形势分析

The Chinese economy has emerged from deflation and entered a new stage of economic growth in late 2002 and early 2003. The sudden pick up of the economy has led to a worsening of structural imbalance and inflation is rising. The Chinese government has to find a fine trade-off between growth and inflation. While the central bank needs to tighten its monetary policy, the government may need to use a more expansionary fiscal policy to offset the contracting effect created by the tightened monetary policy. The structural imbalance and partial overheating remind us that China‘s economic reform still has a long way to go. The Chinese government must speed up its reform process. While the long-term prospect for China‘s economic rise is promising, it may be necessary for the Chinese people to prepare themselves for a harder time ahead.     

The Consumption-Stimulating Effect of Public Rental Housing in China

China's public rental policy creates opportunities for poor households to rent apartments at low rental prices.In addition to such an impact,we argue that public rental housing increases the purchasing power of the poor and therefore enhances the income elasticity of consumption,i.e.,the percentage of consumption increment due to a 1 percent increase in income.Based on a nationwide dataset from China,the Chinese Household Income Project 2018,we find that public rental housing significantly increases the marginal impact of household disposable income on consumption.Specifically,our analysis suggests that public rental apartments could increase the income elasticity of consumption demand by 18 percent among all rental households and by 24 percent among rental households with below-average income.We also find that the effect of public rental housing on income elasticity of consumption is stronger for service consumption than for nonservice consumption.These results suggest that a well designed public rental policy could not only promote consumption in favor of the service industry but also alleviate the undesirable consequences of the unbalanced consumption structure caused by income inequality.     

Charismatic leader＇s dilemma： How to be a good charismatic leader in the context of racism？

It is an important issue to advice leaders and managers how to act in difficult managerial situations caused by the multicultural communality. Racism paves the way to the bad society. Racism understood as cultural phenomenon gives interesting prospects for the development of anti-racist organization culture. Leaders, who inspire their followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization and who is capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on the followers, are in the main focus of this article.     

Analysis of China＇s Renewable Energy Development under the Current Economic and Technical Circumstances

At present, the development of renewable energy relies mainly on government support. The government invests in a considerable number of projects to improve public welfare and to assist in poverty relief If China is to replace fossil fuels on a large scale with renewable energy sources, the production costs and prices of renewable energy must be brought down. All countries are facing the challenge of moving to a more secure and low-carbon energy system without weakening economic and social development. In this regard, China is facing an even greater challenge in terms of economic cost, as cheap coal remains the main energy form. Technical innovation and industrialization in the area of renewable energy is an important means of lowering cost. China is in for a period of high-speed development of its economy and the rising demand for energy is irreversible. If the technical progress and development speed of renewable energy lags behind the growth in demand, it will be difficult to realize the improvement of its energy structure.     

The Relationship Between Government Policy and Financial Performance： A Study on the SMEs in Iraq

The study examined the relationship between government policies and financial performance in small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Iraq. The study aimed at establishing the relationship between government policies and financial performance of SMEs. In the Republic of Iraq, it is estimated that 99% of the business entities are SMEs. They also contribute to GDP and provide employment. Notwithstanding the recognition of the important roles SMEs play in Iraq, their development is largely constrained by a number of factors, such as the existence of laws, regulations, and rules that impede the development of the sector. The study provided some relevant recommendations to policy makers, development agencies, entrepreneurs, and SME managers to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SME sector in Iraq.     

Study on the model of knowledge map based on concept clustering

Focusing on the issue of knowledge sharing in organization knowledge management, a knowledge map model using knowledge space triple （knowledge, property, relation） as context is given to build knowledge map, which is based on concept clustering algorithm. In this model, knowledge and its relations are organized and described correctly. And it is efficiently and conveniently to search needed knowledge in organization knowledge sharing, and exert maximum effect of knowledge capital.     

On the Management of Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in China

In China, per capita water resource is hard up very much, and it has already become a very important restrictive factor to the economic growth, for over 20 years, the water quality of the river basins of our country has worsened continuously, further aggravated the pressure from water resource !o society and economic development. Though the party and government have done a large amount of work; and have made great achievements in prevention and control of water pollution, but as a whole, the severe situation of water pollution hasn＇t been changed radically, in some areas, it＇s being still aggravated. The appearance of this situation involves numerous causes of many aspects, such as the thought, technology, method and system, etc. The author maintains that we must strengthen the construction of legal system, and overcome the problem of soft management existing at pre sent, to enhance the dynamics of prevention and control of water pollution; simultaneously sets forth a concept： on the basis of green accounting, use the economic means, harden the interest restriction, strengthen the management of preventing and controlling of water pollution; hopes to offer a new way of thought for improving the water quality and environment.     

Marketization of Environmental Resource Management

Environmental resource is a kind of resource forms that are employed in the production. Mankind, while knowing it constantly, is exploring the rational management mode, too. Since the seventies of the 20th century, the public management transformation leaded by marketization, including environmental resource management, has become an international trend gradually. The representative of environmental resource management marketization is the system of emissions trading which is a new environmental management measure that has widely developed, and its growth is closely connected with the market development level. Chinese EPA should pay attention to this tendency, cast off the government＇s direct control on the market of emissions permit, adjust the environmental management work properly and strengthen the management method, and gradually open the market of emissions permit in order to prepare for the marketization process of the environmental resources management.     

Cultural industry development and multiple group participation in Taiwan

Based on the unique historical site culture assets, series of culture activities and constructions are held by Taiwan municipal government positively in recent years to raise local strength. Though the city landscape of Taiwan is far away from the traditional one, the comparison and analysis of foundation of cultural industry and the situation of cultural participation should be carried on to find out the real issues in Taiwan＇s cultural industry and cultural marketing so as to strengthen the ability of local development. This study finds out the resources of culture administration and the social participation in hope for clearing up the matters of Taiwan＇s cultural industry development, avoiding type Ⅲ errors, and giving suggestions.