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1.
Jeffrey A. Mello 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2006,18(1):21-28
As an increasing number of state and local governments pass laws that prohibit discrimination against gay and lesbian employees, individual citizens and groups opposed to such rights continue to fight against them. Although the First Amendment to the United State Constitution guarantees the right to free speech, a potential problem arises when the impartiality of a member of the judiciary is questioned based on free ‘‘hate speech’’ expressed as a private citizen. This paper explores the dilemma the courts face relative to the professional ethics of those who oversee the courts where gay and lesbian and other employees attempt to ensure their rights to fair treatment in the workplace. 相似文献
2.
The cultural theory pioneered by Dame Mary Douglas has been tested with a range of research methods, but it has not yet been made subject to a ‘structured observation’. This method has been developed in psychology and management studies, and is especially useful for testing cultural theory’s prediction that fatalistic, hierarchical, egalitarian, and individualistic ways of perceiving and justifying tend to emerge in group debates about pressing social and environmental issues. We present the results of a structured observation of this prediction. Groups of high school students (aged 17–19) were asked for their opinions concerning three to five ‘wicked’ (i.e., highly complex) problems, and to discuss how to resolve them. Each utterance was coded according to the rationalities proposed by cultural theory. The results confirm cultural theory’s hypothesis that all four specific ways of defining, perceiving and resolving a wicked problem emerge when a number of people debate such an issue. We also discuss how Douglas’ cultural theory can be further developed and tested. Finally, we use our study to outline how the method of structured observation can contribute to political culture research in general. 相似文献
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4.
Elizabeth Walker Beverley Webster 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2006,2(4):495-508
Women owners of small business are known to be better informed about issues relating to starting their own business compared to their male counterparts. Women spend more time conducting market research and have historically spent more time accessing finance because of gender bias within the lending industry. Due to their previous employment history many women have better administrative skills over men which should translate to women having better basic business management knowledge and a higher level of basic business competencies. Research conducted on a sample of 270 business owners found that whereas women rated themselves as more competent than men on a number of issues when they first started their business, they were no more inclined than men to pursue further business skills development or training once they were actively operating their business. Further, both women and men believed that they gained sufficient managerial experience ‘on-the-job’ not to warrant professional assistance in most business competencies. 相似文献
5.
In this study it will be argued that the perceived distribution of opinions among others is important for opinion research.
Three different ways of measuring the perception of opinion distributions in survey research are compared: (a) by means of
a questionwhat most people think about an issue, (b) by means of a questionhow many people are perceived to agree with an issue-statement, (c) by means of ‘line-production-boxes’, a special version ofmagnitude estimation. The results indicate that ‘line-production-boxes’ can improve data quality, but have also some drawbacks which will have
to be dealt with. ‘Line-production-boxes’ give a wealth of information about individual differences in the forms of perceived
opinion distributions. Although the normal distribution is used often, many other distribution forms are also used. The method
of ‘line-production-boxes’ is compared with the method of estimating percentage points. Although high correlations suggest
a good concurrent validity, some systematic differences do exist. New research directions are suggested. 相似文献
6.
University training for entrepreneurial competencies: Its impact on intention of venture creation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study tests the effect of entrepreneurship education programmes on the entrepreneurial competencies and intention of
university students in order to confirm (or disconfirm) conventional wisdom that entrepreneurial education increases the intention
to start a business. We address the following research question: Do entrepreneurship education programmes raise the entrepreneurial
competencies and intention of students? We used a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from 864
university students of Castilla & León (Spain), from 863 students (403 taking the programme and 460 in a control group). The
results showed that students in the ‘programme’ group increased their competencies and intention towards self-employment,
whereas students in the control group did not. The findings contribute to the theories of planned behaviour and to the literature
of entrepreneurship education itself, by revealing the effect of specific benefits for the students derived from the entrepreneurship
‘programme’. 相似文献
7.
Applying fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) to identify solutions of service delivery system for port of Kaohsiung 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main purpose of this paper is to apply fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) model to identify solutions of service
delivery system (SDS) for port of Kaohsiung from the viewpoints of customers. At first, to facilitate the main issue of the
QFD problem, however, the ‘what’ question of customer needs and ‘how’ problem of the services have to be made, which are two
major components and be emphasized on the house of quality (HOQ) matrices. In conjunction with fuzzy sets theory, hence, the
systematic procedures using fuzzy QFD were proposed in this paper. Subsequently, a case study for port of Kaohsiung demonstrated
the systematic appraisal process for identifying solutions of SDS. The results of empirical study show that (1) 10 key factors
are deemed as to have priority to improve the quality of SDS for Kaohsiung port; and (2) eight feasible solutions for improving
service quality performance are identified. Moreover, it is suggested that port Authority of Kaohsiung should listen attentively
the voice of customers and emphasize on exploiting these customer requirements effectively. And then develop the ‘how’ issues
of profiles of solutions, which should continuously strengthen the perspectives of customer, internal business process, and
learning and growth, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Cinzia Meraviglia Giulia Massini Daria Croce Massimo Buscema 《Quality and Quantity》2006,40(5):825-859
The paper is a preliminary research report and presents a method for generating new records using an evolutionary algorithm
(close to but different from a genetic algorithm). This method, called Pseudo-Inverse Function (in short P-I Function), was
designed and implemented at Semeion Research Centre (Rome). P-I Function is a method to generate new (virtual) data from a
small set of observed data. P-I Function can be of aid when budget constraints limit the number of interviewees, or in case
of a population that shows some sociologically interesting trait, but whose small size can seriously affect the reliability
of estimates, or in case of secondary analysis on small samples.
The applicative ground is given by research design with one or more dependent and a set of independent variables. The estimation
of new cases takes place according to the maximization of a fitness function and outcomes a number as large as needed of ‘virtual’
cases, which reproduce the statistical traits of the original population. The algorithm used by P-I Function is known as Genetic Doping Algorithm (GenD), designed and implemented by Semeion Research Centre; among its features there is an innovative crossover procedure,
which tends to select individuals with average fitness values, rather than those who show best values at each ‘generation’.
A particularly thorough research design has been put on: (1) the observed sample is half-split to obtain a training and a
testing set, which are analysed by means of a back propagation neural network; (2) testing is performed to find out how good
the parameter estimates are; (3) a 10% sample is randomly extracted from the training set and used as a reduced training set;
(4) on this narrow basis, GenD calculates the pseudo-inverse of the estimated parameter matrix; (5) ‘virtual’ data are tested
against the testing data set (which has never been used for training).
The algorithm has been proved on a particularly difficult ground, since the data set used as a basis for generating ‘virtual’
cases counts only 44 respondents, randomly sampled from a broader data set taken from the General Social Survey 2002. The
major result is that networks trained on the ‘virtual’ resample show a model fit as good as the one of the observed data,
though ‘virtual’ and observed data differ on some features. It can be seen that GenD ‘refills’ the joint distribution of the
independent variables, conditioned by the dependent one.
This paper is the result of deep collaboration among all authors. Cinzia Meraviglia wrote § 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8; Giulia Massini
wrote §5; Daria Croce performed some elaborations with neural networks and linear regression; Massimo Buscema wrote §2. 相似文献
9.
Yves Robichaud J. Terence Zinger Rolland LeBrasseur 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(3):323-343
This paper examines 2 years of data from GEM Canada in order to develop new insights into the factors that contribute to the
performance outcomes of female enterprises and how these factors are affected by the firm’s stage of development. The analysis
encompasses both personal and organizational characteristics and assesses their association with selected performance measures
at the early stage as well as at the established phase of development. The findings indicate that the greater propensity of
men to pursue business growth and earnings can be attributed to marital status (live with a partner) and the expected depth
of the ownership team. Moreover, the performance outcomes for male entrepreneurs are influenced by a relatively wide range
of variables, with business demographics being more prominent than for the female enterprises. For both genders, the mix of
relevant underlying factors varies as the venture progresses along the ‘nascent-new-established’ continuum. 相似文献
10.
Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie R. Burke Johnson Kathleen M. T. Collins 《Quality and Quantity》2011,45(6):1253-1271
In this article, we have merged or intersected two typologies: Greene’s (Res Sch 13(1):93–98, 2006) four-domain typology for
developing a methodological or research paradigm in the social and behavioral sciences and Onwuegbuzie and Johnson’s (Res
Sch 13(1):48–63, 2006) nine-component typology for assessing mixed research legitimation. We argue that merging or interconnecting
these typologies present a framework for assessing legitimation in mixed research. Specifically, we demonstrate how the nine
types of legitimation map onto Greene’s (Res Sch 13(1):93–98, 2006) four methodological domains and illustrate how legitimation
in mixed research, rather than being viewed as a procedure that occurs at a specific step of the mixed research process, is
better conceptualized as a continuous iterative, interactive, and dynamic process. Additionally, in presenting this framework,
we hope to reduce misperceptions that some researchers have voiced about mixed research. 相似文献
11.
Quantitative empirical research into ‘management fashions’ or ‘organization concepts’ is dominated by studies using print
media indicators (PMI). Such research builds on the simple premise that the number of publications on an organization concept
in the course of time reflects managerial interest in this concept. However, whilst PMI may be fruitfully used to study management
fashions, this use is less straightforward than appears commonly assumed. We aim to fulfil the need for a methodological paper
discussing the possibilities and limitations of using PMI. Thereby we draw on insights from bibliometrics and management fashion
research, including our own ongoing research. 相似文献
12.
Changing trends and the nature of the work force dictate increased personal responsibility by employees and expanded use of
self-management practices. Nevertheless, organizations also feel the need to maintain external control. We propose a progressive
view of accountability theory which can resolve the dilemma of how internal and external control can effectively coexist.
Success of accountability forces is determined primarily by the relationship between the principal (party to whom one is accountable)
and the agent (employee). The agent’s felt responsibility is enhanced to the extent that accountability leads to the structuring
of expectations, the agent’s perceptions of the task or activity as significant, and the agent’s perception of control over
the situation. Propositions that may be used to guide future research are offered throughout the article. 相似文献
13.
Colin C. Williams John Round 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(4):497-513
Despite the growing recognition that many entrepreneurs conduct some or all of their trade off-the-books, few have evaluated
whether there are variations in the rationales of men and women engaging in this shadow enterprise culture. Reporting face-to-face
interviews with 331 entrepreneurs in Ukraine during 2005–06, of whom 90 per cent operated partially or wholly off-the-books,
the finding is that women are largely ‘reluctant’ entrepreneurs and men more commonly chiefly ‘willing’ entrepreneurs, although
both motives are normally co-present to differing degrees in entrepreneurs’ explanations and their relative importance changes
over time. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for both further research and public policy. 相似文献
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15.
Postulating a linear regression of a variable of interest on an auxiliary variable with values of the latter known for all
units of a survey population, we consider appropriate ways of choosing a sample and estimating the regression parameters.
Recalling Thomsen’s (1978) results on non-existence of ‘design-cum-model’ based minimum variance unbiased estimators of regression
coefficients we apply Brewer’s (1979) ‘asymptotic’ analysis to derive ‘asymptotic-design-cummodel’ based optimal estimators
assuming large population and sample sizes. A variance estimation procedure is also proposed. 相似文献
16.
Heiko Haase Arndt Lautenschl?ger 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2011,7(2):145-162
Important factors that determine the emergence of new start-ups are the existence of the individuals’ entrepreneurial motivation,
knowledge and skills. Entrepreneurship education (EE) seems to play an important role in developing these attributes. However,
a fundamental question still remains: is entrepreneurship really teachable? The article, conceptual in nature, offers a survey
about the scientific discussion on the teachability of entrepreneurship and comes out with a phenomenon, which we call ‘Teachability
Dilemma’. The insights lead us to claim that future EE should desist from simply teaching knowledge on business creation and
rather focus on experiencing entrepreneurship. 相似文献
17.
Volker Stocké 《Quality and Quantity》2006,40(2):259-288
This paper analyzes whether respondents’ attitudes toward surveys explain their susceptibility to item nonresponse. In contrast
to previous studies, the decision to refuse to provide income information, not to answer other questions and the probability
of ‘don’t know’ responses is tested separately. Furthermore, the interviewers’ overall judgments of response willingness was
included as well. Respondents with a positive and cognitively accessible attitude toward surveys were expected to adopt a cooperative orientation and were thus deemed more
likely to answer difficult as well as sensitive questions. Attitudes were measured with a 16-item instrument and the response
latencies were used as an indicator for attitude accessibility. We found that respondents with more favorable evaluations
of surveys had lower values on all kinds of nonresponse indicators. Except for the strong effect on the prevalence of ‘don’t
knows’, survey attitudes were increasingly more predictive for all other aspects of nonresponse when these attitude answers
were faster and thus cognitively more accessible. This accessibility, and thus how relevant survey attitudes are for nonresponse,
was found to increase with the subjects’ exposure to surveys in the past. 相似文献
18.
Within the class of weighted averages of ordered measurements on criteria of ‘equal importance’, we discuss aggregators that help assess to what extent ‘most’ criteria are
satisfied, or a ‘good performance across the board’ is attained. All aggregators discussed are compromises between the simple
mean and the very demanding minimum score. The weights of the aggregators are described in terms of the convex polytopes as
induced by the characteristics of the aggregators, such as concavity. We take the barycentres of the polytopes as representative
weights. 相似文献
19.
This study is based on the SERVQUAL model and the Plan-Do-Check-Action (P-D-C-A) cycle of TQM to establish a higher education
quality management system. In this system, it includes ‘Plan’ and ‘Do’ dimensions to execute ten factors, each dimension complements
with each other. The ‘Check’ dimension has four factors and the ‘Action’ dimension has three factors. Each execution factors
of the quality management system could reduce the occurrence of five gaps in the SERVQUAL model and facilitate education providers
to provide a better service quality. Education providers strengthen an education system by carefully planning and implementation
of quality auditing and continuous improvement. The desired result of this study is to possess a more explicit framework for
high education industry and provide a proper service for students. 相似文献
20.
Friederike Welter David Smallbone 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(4):505-520
This paper aims to make a contribution to our conceptual understanding of women entrepreneurship under ‘early stage’ transition
conditions, by researching the nature of it in Uzbekistan. Institutional theory is used as a guiding frame of reference because
the specific characteristics of the external environment under transition conditions make the latter a particularly strong
influence on entrepreneurship. Empirically, the paper draws on data which was collected in Uzbekistan, within a collaborative
research project (INTAS 00-843). The empirical material demonstrates that informal institutions dominating Uzbek society contribute
to the prevailing forms of female entrepreneurship. 相似文献