战略导向与企业社会责任影响关系的实证研究 ——以在华韩资企业为例

以在华韩资企业为对象。探讨战略导向和企业社会责任的相关关系,以及企业社会责任对企业绩效的直接作用,并且在战略导向与企业绩效之间的关系上,对企业社会责任的中介效应进行了实证分析。研究进行了问卷调查,获得了302份有效问卷,并进行了回归分析。研究结果表明:市场导向和网络导向对企业社会责任产生直接影响,企业社会责任对企业绩效产生直接影响,并且在市场导向与企业绩效之间的关系上,企业社会责任具有中介效应。     

The role of service innovation in the market orientation—new service performance linkage

While most academics generally agree that innovation plays the mediating role between market orientation and new product/service performance, relatively little research has examined how each component of market orientation contributes to new service performance through various types of service innovation. Based on a survey of 235 managers and taking a component-wise approach, this study finds that customer orientation spurs incremental service innovation while inter-functional coordination spurs radical service innovation, both of which, in turn, enhance new service performance. A surprise finding shows that the impact of competitor orientation on new service performance is fully mediated by radical service innovation. The results of this study should help market oriented managers create and evaluate service innovation.     

The effects of market orientation and service innovation on service industry performance: An empirical study

This study examines how market orientation affects a firm’s service innovation and consequently, the firm’s market and financial performance. The findings indicate that if a firm uses customer orientation, the firm is more likely to adopt incremental service innovation, while if a firm uses competitor orientation, the firm is more likely to adopt radical service innovation. Finally, incremental and radical service innovations lead to greater market performance and in turn, better financial performance.     

Short-term R&D bias,competition on cost rather than innovation,and time to market

Mounting evidence indicates that capital markets often apply short-term pressure on firms to gain short-term results by focusing primarily on reported financial performance. As a result of short termism, it has been argued that companies are likely to cut expenditure on R&D which might otherwise improve longer-term performance. As there is a growing consensus that R&D is critically important to both organizational and national performance, short termism may have significant detrimental organizational consequences. One implication arising from a short-term R&D bias, and examined in this paper, is its effect on market time reduction. Arguments are examined that suggest a dominant R&D strategy is to reduce product time to market. Concerns have been expressed, however, that such a strategy is applicable in specific circumstances only. A review of the literature suggests that analyst and shareholder bias against high-risk, long-term research in favor of lower-risk, short-term product R&D influences organizations to reduce the time it takes to get a product to market when the emphasis in the marketplace is on cost competition rather than product innovation. The findings of the study suggest that when the emphasis on competition on cost rather than innovation is low, short-term R&D bias does not affect market time. In contrast, when the emphasis on competition on cost rather than innovation is high, the results indicate that short-term R&D bias positively influences market time reduction. The study concludes with suggestions for further research.     

Linking entrepreneurial and market orientation to the SME’s performance growth: the moderating role of entrepreneurial experience and networks

Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation (EO and MO, respectively) have received extensive research attention in the past several decades. Although scholars widely agree that both MO and EO are critical to firms’ performances, a better understanding is still needed about how market and entrepreneurial orientation develop over time as well as their relative impact on the growth of the SME’s performance. This study does not consider MO and EO as generic resources that always positively influence firms’ performances; instead, it tries to explore contingent elements, such as social and business networks and accumulated entrepreneurial experience. The hypotheses were tested on 191 small and medium-sized electronic firms located in an Italian geographical cluster during two periods: 2005 and 2016. This study suggests that SMEs, which develop social networks, may enjoy considerable advantages from entrepreneurial and market orientation, improving their performance benefits. Moreover, our results show that previous entrepreneurial experience, when specific, can reinforce the impact of entrepreneurial and market orientation on firms’ performance growth. This analysis makes several important contributions to the management literature on the strategic orientation of firms, the entrepreneurial experience and network development.

     

Knowledge sharing in supply chain networks: Effects of collaborative innovation activities and capability on innovation performance

Building on knowledge management and innovation capability theories, this paper aims to reveal the mechanisms of collaborative innovation processes by investigating the complex relationships among critical factors influencing firm's innovation performance in supply chain networks. Using hierarchical Multiple Regression (MR) and Moderated Multiple Regression (MMR) methods, results from a survey of 236 firms in China indicated that there are significant positive relationships between collaborative innovation activities, knowledge sharing, collaborative innovation capability, and firm's innovation performance. Moreover, it is expected that knowledge sharing plays a partial mediating role in the relationships between collaborative innovation activities and firm's innovation performance. Collaborative innovation capability exhibited a moderating effect on collaborative innovation activities - innovation performance relationship. These results contribute to collaborative innovation process management by offering a nuanced conceptualization of the collaborative innovation - performance relationship in supply chain networks.     

The influence of intelligent manufacturing on financial performance and innovation performance: the case of China

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in advanced manufacturing systems to realise intelligent manufacturing. However, there is still a lack of empirical research on the impact of intelligent manufacturing on enterprise performances, especially for China. The author adopts the enterprise panel data of intelligent manufacturing implemented by China’s manufacturing industry in 2014 to 2019, and uses propensity score matching with difference in differences (PSM-DID) method to investigate the impact of intelligent manufacturing on financial performance and innovation performance. The research yields two main conclusions. First, the implementation of intelligent manufacturing has a significant role in promoting the financial performance and innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises. Second, technology-intensive industries improve the quantity of innovation by implementing intelligent manufacturing, thus promoting the improvement of short-term financial performance, but the improvement of innovation quality has a negative impact on short-term financial performance. In labour-intensive industries, the relationship between financial performance and innovation performance is not obvious.     

部门协作对先动型市场导向与绩效关系的中介作用

先动型市场导向关注顾客潜在需求,正向影响企业绩效。先动型市场导向对部门协作提出更高标准,要求各部门通力合作,促进突破性创新和开拓式学习,最终提升绩效。本研究旨在验证先动型市场导向对绩效的正向影响,并探索部门协作在先动型市场导向与绩效关系间的中介作用。借助结构方程模型,利用长三角地区企业数据进行实证分析的结果显示:先动型市场导向对企业绩效有显著正向影响,部门协作对先动市场导向与绩效关系起部分中介作用。对企业实践而言,通过加强内部各部门相互协作可提升组织绩效。     

Entrepreneurial alertness and business model innovation: the role of entrepreneurial learning and risk perception

Although business model innovation has received increasing attention in recent years, there are gaps in existing literature concerning why innovation occurs. Drawing on the intentions model and knowledge-based view, this study explores the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and business model innovation, proposing a moderated mediation framework to handle the questions of why some entrepreneurs achieve business model innovation successfully while others do not. Based on a dataset of 150 firms in northwest China, this study finds that (1) entrepreneurial alertness facilitates business model innovation; (2) explorative learning and exploitative learning mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and business model innovation; and (3) risk perception moderates the mediating effects of different types of learning and then affects the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and business model innovation. Specifically, with the increase of risk perception, the mediating role through explorative learning is weakened, while the mediating effect through exploitative learning is enhanced.

     

The Role of Reward Systems in Product Innovations: An Examination of New Product Development Projects

Focusing on new product development projects, this study suggests that the effect of a market orientation on innovation performance relationships may differ depending on whether the market orientation is responsive or proactive. This study also argues that process‐based and outcome‐based rewards moderate the effect. Based on a survey of 186 new product development projects in 122 high‐tech firms, this study found that responsive and proactive market orientations have positive influences on incremental innovation performance and radical innovation performance, respectively. In addition, the positive effect of a proactive market orientation on performance is strengthened by process‐based rewards, whereas the positive effect of a responsive market orientation on performance is positively moderated by outcome‐based rewards. This study provides practical implications and directions for future research.     

市场导向对技术创新的影响实证研究——组织学习为中介作用

本研究以321家高技术企业为研究对象,深入分析市场导向与企业技术创新的关系,并从学习过程视角进一步研究企业组织学习对市场导向和技术创新关系的中介作用。研究表明:通过搜集顾客、竞争者和不同部门间协调等方面的信息,实现在组织内部进行获取、整合和创造的一系列学习过程,最终影响企业技术创新。组织学习在市场导向对技术创新的影响中起到中介作用。     

The behavioural gap between entrepreneurial SME’s and high growth: evidence from Canada

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) describes a firm’s attitude towards entrepreneurial activity; however, it does not measure the specific behaviors likely to contribute to high growth. This research applies the resource-based and dynamic capabilities views to propose a mediation model between EO and high growth. The theoretical framework is drawn from the strategic management and entrepreneurship literature. Competing models are tested against a sample of Canadian SMEs to validate the proposed explanation for the presence of high-growth firms among the population. The study finds that the relationship between EO and high growth is perfectly mediated by innovation performance, a behavioral measure of innovation. This research contributes to firm growth theory while providing further insight into the drivers of high growth useful to policy makers endeavoring to stimulate, and overcome barriers to, entrepreneurship and innovation. Determining the factors associated with firm growth can have implications for management as well as policy. If a firm’s goal is to grow it must be able to focus its limited resources using a strategy appropriate for growth.

     

技术创新驱动企业成长的绩效分析——基于创新型上市公司的实证研究

依据2007-2010年创新型上市公司相关数据,以R&D经费支出强度为技术创新的替代变量,从企业市场成长和利润成长两个维度,实证分析了技术创新对企业成长绩效的影响及其态势。研究表明:技术创新与公司的市场成长速度、成长效率正相关,与公司利润成长速度无关;技术创新促进公司市场成长见效快、持续期短,在提升公司成长效率上有短期滞后性,累积效应较好,但未能创造经济价值。研究建议:企业应当将技术创新战略适时由市场导向向市场、利润并重导向转变,开拓强化突破性创新,且在以产品创新、过程创新为主要形式的技术创新实施过程中,努力发掘产品创新的增值能力及空间。     

The role of customer participation in building new product development speed capabilities in turbulent environments

In a sample of 204 SMEs, this study investigates how customer co-creation impacts firms’ ability to increase new product development (NPD) speed. The results show firms that collaborate with customers in the NPD process at greater levels are able to increase NPD speed capabilities and commercialize products at a faster rate. In addition, environmental turbulence is investigated as to how it may impact the relationship between customer participation and NPD speed. The results show that customer participation in NPD allows firms to better manage turbulent environments by enhancing the speed at which new products are brought to market. Finally, the results show that NPD speed mediates the relationship between customer participation and the performance of new products, thus highlighting the importance of developing new products faster. The principle contribution of the study is the examination of an additional moderating factor in regard to customer participation and NPD speed. The second contribution of this research is that while previous studies have examined the individual impacts of customer participation on NPD speed and NPD speed on NPD performance, this research statistically demonstrates the mediating process among the three constructs.

     

Network advantage’s effect on exit performance: examining venture capital’s inter-organizational networks

This study investigates how a venture capital’s network affects its exit performance. While most network research focuses on individual characteristics such as centrality and density, this study explores the overall advantage that results from holding a network position (i.e., a network advantage). This network advantage is examined at the syndicate level, which is a group of organizations. Within this context, the study contemplates the syndicate’s network advantage and hones in on the syndicate’s network advantage diversity, because the composition of members’ network advantage within the syndicate as well as the syndicate’s network advantage itself may affect the syndicate’s performance. To do this, first it is hypothesized that both a venture capital syndicate’s network advantage and its network advantage diversity are positively associated with its exit performance. Next, the study predicts that a syndicate’s network advantage diversity negatively moderates the positive relationship between the syndicate’s network advantage and its exit performance. Then a two stage least squares analysis of 1137 venture capital syndicate investments largely confirms the predicted effects. A syndicate’s network advantage is shown to contribute to its exit performance. A syndicate’s network advantage diversity clearly weakens the positive relationship between the syndicate’s network advantage and performance, while its direct effect on performance is not significantly supported. Overall, these findings show that a syndicate’s network advantage and its diversity are critical determinants of its exit performance in the venture capital industry.

     

Market Orientation and FIRMS' Environmental Innovation: The Moderating Role of Environmental Attitude

Drawing on market orientation theory, innovation theory and the theory of reasoned action, this paper integrates market orientation, environmental attitude and firms' environmental innovation into a model to establish a relationship among these three variables. By taking 247 manufacturing firms in China as the research sample and by analyzing the data using SPSS19.0, we found that customer and competitor orientation have a significant and positive impact on firms' environmental innovation, while the effect of inter‐functional coordination is not significant. Furthermore, environmental attitude plays a positive moderating role between customer orientation and firms' environmental innovation, as well as between competitor orientation and firms' environmental innovation. Finally, the results of the study are discussed, and the theoretical and practical significance of this study is clarified further. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Innovation Strategy and Entry Deterrence

We model an incumbent’s decision to pursue radical or incremental innovation when facing a rival entrant. The radical innovation may yield lucrative financial returns but entails significant technological and market‐related uncertainties. It is also particularly attractive to the rival entrant: if the market for it pans out, such an innovation obsoletes the existing technology and any incremental improvements to it. Each firm has its own assessment of the market potential for the radical innovation, and the reliability of these market forecasts can differ. We show that when the entrant’s market‐assessment capability is weak, the incumbent will pursue incremental innovation and postpone its plans to develop radical innovation even when it thinks highly of the market potential for the radical innovation. The incumbent does so to avoid validating the high market potential to the entrant, who may otherwise be encouraged to invest aggressively. The incumbent thus prefers to look “soft” with respect to its innovation strategy in order to discourage entry. Even if its innovation strategy is not observable, we show that an incumbent that assesses the commercial potential for a radical innovation favorably may pursue an incremental path and communicate its plans publicly; this strategy serves to reduce entry by affecting the entrant’s beliefs about the market potential of the innovation. Finally, we extend the model to investigate the entrant’s decision to communicate its innovation intentions. We find that the entrant communicates its plans to aggressively pursue radical innovation only if the incumbent’s market‐assessment capabilities are strong. In doing so, the entrant acts preemptively to discourage the incumbent from pursuing the radical innovation, and is less concerned with validating market potential.     

投桃何以报李:企业内外部社会责任对管家行为的影响机制研究

当员工感知到企业的善行,即企业善待员工或是积极履行对外部利益相关者的责任,是否会激发员工"舍己为公"的行为倾向,使其为了保护组织长远利益而牺牲个人短期利益呢?本研究依据社会交换和社会认同理论,通过524份有效样本进行实证分析,探讨员工感知的企业社会责任对"舍己为公"的管家行为的作用机制。结果表明,员工感知的内部和外部企业社会责任均正向影响员工的管家行为。责任知觉和道德认同分别在员工感知的内部企业社会责任与管家行为、员工感知的外部企业社会责任与管家行为间起中介作用,且责任知觉和道德认同的中介作用没有显著差异。     

Innovativeness and organizational innovation in total quality oriented firms: The moderating role of market turbulence

This paper analyses the contribution of TQM implementation to the firms’ innovative culture and their overall innovation effort in the technical and administrative organizational domains. The research seeks to contribute to a further understanding, under different market turbulence conditions, of the TQM–innovation relationship and the interactions between the organization's innovativeness and the intensity and newness of the innovations adopted. The findings indicate that TQM strongly influences firm's innovative culture and higher administrative innovation levels with a greater degree of incorporated novelty, whereas the mediating role of innovativeness is required for TQM to achieve this impact on technical innovation. These relationships significantly vary under different levels of market turbulence, but results reinforce the consideration of TQM as an appropriate resource to foster innovativeness and organizational innovation. The study provides an unexpected result as innovativeness does not influence administrative innovations, which seem to be ultimately determined by TQM. Finally, the findings provide empirical support regarding the coordinated development in practice of technical and administrative innovations.