全球金融危机下对深化东亚金融合作的新思考

从东亚金融合作的历程看,东亚金融合作是在东亚金融危机中诞生,又在应对全球金融危机中不断发展的。尽管东亚金融合作已经在一些领域取得了不少实质性的进展,但此次金融危机对金融全球化下东亚各国如何进一步推进区域金融合作提出了迫切要求。本文在分析东亚金融合作现状的基础上,着重对如何推动亚洲债券市场发展提出了具体建议。     

Did Better Firms Enter the Indonesian Manufacturing Sector after the 1997–98 Crisis?

Motivated by a concern that Indonesia is on the path to deindustrialisation, this article uses data from 1991 to 2009 to examine whether there were differences in the characteristics of entrants to the Indonesian manufacturing sector before and after the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis. It finds that entrants after the crisis were larger or less dependent on credit than their predecessors, suggesting that they were more resilient to economic shocks. Yet entrants after the crisis exported relatively less than their predecessors. Meanwhile, productivity levels were the same before and after the crisis, indicating that entrants were able to match the productivity level of incumbents. Contrary to the concerns about deindustrialisation, these characteristics may simply reflect a dynamic that resulted in better or more resilient firms entering the industry after the crisis.     

国际经济政策协调下的中国—东盟金融协调合作

中国与东盟在金融领域的合作取得了一定的成果,但仍存在着诸多问题。本文以国际经济政策协调方式为理论基础,针对后金融危机时代下中国与东盟的金融协调合作问题,分析了双方合作的现状及特点,提出相机性协调与规则性协调相结合的合作模式。     

Asian Financial Crisis and the Evolution of Korean Banks Efficiency: A DEA Approach

Abstract

In the mid-1990s, the East Asian countries experienced severe financial crisis that were followed by deep economic downturns. A variety of methodologies have been used to understand the nature of the Asian financial crisis. However, the impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the financial industry has yet to be critically examined. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach the present study attempts to examine for the first time the impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the Korean banking sector. The study focuses on three major approaches, namely, intermediation, value added, and operating approaches. The results clearly bring forth the high degree of inefficiency in the Korean banking sector, particularly a year after the Asian financial crisis. We find that the Korean banking sector has consistently exhibit higher technical efficiency levels under value added approach, while technical efficiency seems to be lowest under intermediation approach.     

略论回归后香港金融中心地位的巩固

香港回归后,中央政府与特区政府贯彻《香港特别行政区基本法》中的相关规定,采取了一系列措施巩固香港的金融中心地位。不仅成功地抵御了亚洲金融危机对香港金融业的冲击;而且通过加强与内地的经济合作,促进了香港金融业在回归后的迅速发展。     

East Asian equity markets,financial crises,and the Japanese currency

The paper studies the interactions between the US and four East Asian equity markets. The focus is on the change in the information structure/flow between these markets triggered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. It is shown that the information structure during the crisis period is different from that in the non-crisis periods. While the US market leads the four East Asian markets before, during, and after the crisis, it is Granger-caused by these markets during the financial crisis period but not in the post-crisis sample. Further, in accordance with concerns reported in the market, the Japanese currency is found to affect these equity markets during the crisis period. The Japanese yen effect, however, disappears in the post-crisis sample. The Japanese currency effect is quite robust as it is found from both local currency and US dollar return data and in the presence of Japanese stock returns. J. Japanese Int. Economies 21 (1) (2007) 138–152.     

The co-movement of stock markets in East Asia: Did the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis really strengthen stock market integration?

This paper examines the integration and causality of interdependencies among seven major East Asian stock exchanges before, during, and after the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis. For this purpose, we use daily stock market data from July 1, 1992 to June 30, 2003 in local currency as well as US dollar terms. The data reveal that the relationships among East Asian stock markets are time varying. While stock market interactions are limited before the Asian financial crisis, we find that Hong Kong and Singapore respond significantly to shocks in most other East Asian markets, including Shanghai and Shenzhen, during this crisis. After the crisis, shocks in Hong Kong and Singapore largely affect other East Asian stock markets, except for those in Mainland China. Finally, considering the role of the USA shows that it strongly influences stock returns in East Asia – except for Mainland China – in all periods, while the reverse does not hold true.     

中国金融风险预警指标体系研究

近年来,随着亚洲金融危机、美国次贷危机以及欧债危机的爆发,全球金融稳定与金融安全面临空前考验,建立一个积极有效的金融风险预警体系来掌握金融风险的整体动态,以防范、降低和消除金融风险成为了金融研究中迫在眉睫的任务。本文借鉴在国际上有广泛影响的KLR信号分析法,根据本国国情建立了一套金融风险预警指标体系,并进一步确定了每个指标的预警临界值,同时通过主客观综合赋权法赋予每个指标相应的权值,以帮助建立符合我国经济发展现状的金融风险预警机制,并针对我国金融风险现状提出了相应对策与建议。     

东亚区域金融合作的选择探析

自从亚洲金融危机以后,东亚各国纷纷认识到开展区域金融合作的必要性,以增强抵御风险,化解危机的能力。而美元区和欧元区的相继建立既验证了最优货币区理论在实践上的可能性,也增强了东亚各国成功合作的信心。文章从合作的背景和动因,实际进展情况和最终目标,以及面临的困难这三个方面分析讨论了东亚区域金融合作的可行性,并进一步探讨了新加坡在合作中可扮演的角色。     

PRODUCTIVITY AND FIRM DYNAMICS: CREATIVE DESTRUCTION IN INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING, 1994–2000

This paper examines the entry and exit, and the labour productivity, of Indonesian manufacturing firms with 20 workers or more, using a firm-level panel dataset constructed for the years 1994–2000. Overall change in manufacturing labour productivity reached 27.2%—an average growth of 3.5% per annum—between 1994 and 2000, a period that includes the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis, which hit Indonesia hard. Vibrant firm dynamics characterised this period, in which about 10% of manufacturing enterprises were renewed in any one year. By 2000, one-third of all enterprises in existence in 1994 had closed, but the number of enterprises that closed was lower than the number that entered and survived up to the year 2000. The replacement of exiting firms with newly entering firms contributed significantly to increases in overall labour productivity. Regulatory reform in support of this process should lead to gains in productive employment for Indonesian workers.     

Currency crisis and contagion: evidence from exchange rates and sectoral stock indices of the Philippines and Thailand

This paper analyzes empirically the recent Asian financial crisis by using high-frequency data of exchange rates and stock indices of the Philippines and Thailand. With time-series techniques, this study confirms that benchmark stock indices often fail to provide valuable insights into currency crises, but there is evidence that developments in some sectoral indices—including those of banking and financial sectors—seem to have caused upward pressure on exchange rates. Our evidence therefore confirms the importance of financial markets as a transmission channel during the currency crisis period.     

东亚货币合作为何遭遇挫折?——兼论人民币国际化及其对未来东亚货币合作的影响

与1997年亚洲金融危机爆发后东亚各经济体迅速推进了区域货币合作进程不同,此次全球金融危机爆发后不仅既有的合作框架或机制(如CMI等)未能发挥作用,各主要经济体之间有关合作的分歧也在明显增大,东亚货币合作遭遇了重大挫折。文章指出东亚货币合作本身存在的固有矛盾或问题如对现行美元体制的依赖等,是影响其未来发展的长期性因素,决定了在今后相当长时期内东亚地区在整体上不具备推进货币合作深化发展的前提条件。未来东亚货币合作的开展应该在整体层面上巩固和扩大既有成果的同时,在具备条件的局部地区推进货币合作的深化发展。在这方面,人民币国际化战略的实施将发挥重要作用。人民币国际化应该采取周边化→区域化→国际化的路径。     

Is the COVID-19 pandemic more contagious for the Asian stock markets? A comparison with the Asian financial,the US subprime and the Eurozone debt crisis

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has sent shock waves across the global stock markets. Several financial crises in the past too have had a global impact with their reach extending beyond the country of origin. The current study compares the contagion effect of four such crises viz. the Asian financial crisis, the US subprime crisis, the Eurozone debt crisis, and the currently ongoing Covid-19 crisis on Asian stock markets to understand which of these has had the most severe impact. It finds that among all the four crises, the US subprime crisis has been the most contagious for the Asian stock markets. The study also highlights the difference between severities of a liquidity crisis versus a real crisis and identifies the markets that remained insulated from all these crises, a finding which will be useful for portfolio managers in devising their asset allocation.     

Causes of the financial crisis and the need of monetary cooperation in East Asia

The Main causes of the East Asian financial crisis in 1997–98 can be divided into domestic and foreign ones. The domestic cause stems from structural and liquidity problems, with growing share of non‐performing loans in the financial sector, posing as the most visible manifestation of such problems. On the other side, there is the foreign cause, the sudden fall of the yen against the dollar under the region's unstable foreign exchange system and also its over‐dependency on the dollar. Unfortunately, these causes have not yet disappeared. In order to prevent another financial economic crisis from recurring and to secure the regional currency stability in the long run, an external safety device is indispensable. The purpose of the East Asian monetary cooperation device is not only to absorb the external shocks caused by abrupt changes in the dollar/yen rate and sudden flow of capital, but also to settle international liquidity problems among the regional countries. If a device for the East Asian monetary cooperation is established, transparency in both financial and physical markets will be augmented and in the process, so will be the stability of financial and physical transactions.     

The causes of the Asian currency crisis: empirical observations

This paper examines statistically and systematically the five causes of the Asian currency crisis exposed by the IMF, using a probit model. The paper shows that the two causes of the IMF are persuasive. The Asian currency crisis tends to occur when the ratio of foreign reserve to total debt is low and the progress of financial deregulation without regularity is great. The paper also shows that the general causes found by previous researches never fit the case of this crisis, but that the trade linkage of each country to the first victim country helps explain the causes of this crisis.     

An empirical analysis of the factors determining the financial crisis in Asia

This article tests a hypothesis that the causes of the Asian financial crisis are weaknesses in the balance sheet of financial institutions, high international interest rates, high short-term external debts, excessive loans, and continuing large current account deficits. It also tests a hypothesis regarding the determination of nonperforming bank loans. Empirical tests are carried out with panel data on seven countries in Asia—Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand—for the 1995 through 1997 period. The 3-month LIBOR interest rate and nonperforming loan rates of banks are found to be the major determinants of the Asian financial crisis. The nonperforming bank loan ratios are explained by the corporate leverage ratio. In addition, both the corporate high leverage ratio and LIBOR interest rates are found to significantly affect the outcome of the Asian crisis. Lowering world interest rates and taking the measures of individual Asian countries to reduce nonperforming assets and debt-to-equity ratios would be very effective in preventing reoccurrence of the crisis.     

Thailand's investment-driven boom and crisis

Analyses of the Asian crisis of 1997 have focused excessivelyon the financial sector, especially the banks. The role of thereal sector in exposing the financial system to stress has beenunder-emphasized. This paper provides a real-sector explanationfor Thailand's crisis, demonstrating the role of the investmentboom of the preceding decade. We build a full macroeconomicmodel of the Thai economy and use it to demonstrate that theinvestment boom and its changing composition generated recordgrowth but also increased macroeconomic vulnerability. Thisvulnerability, combined with the trigger of an export slowdownin 1996, produced the crisis.     

Testing contagion of the 1997–98 crisis in Asian stock markets with structural breaks and incubation periods

This study tests for the existence of financial contagion, using a method that allows an incubation period before contagion takes effect. We define contagion as an increase in cross-market linkages following shocks. With daily data on Asian stock markets during the 1997–98 crisis, we find significant upward shifts in the linkages between the Asian markets of both crisis and non-crisis countries. The upward shifts are maintained even after controlling for heteroskedasticity and common world and regional factors, providing strong evidence for financial contagion.     

美国金融危机与亚洲金融危机的比较分析

2007年爆发的美国次级债危机,造成很多美国金融机构的倒闭,很快危机又蔓延到世界其他各国,引起了世界性的金融危机,致使全球的金融资产遭受重大损失。本文通过对美国金融危机和1997年由泰铢贬值引发的亚洲金融危机进行对比,说明在经济全球化、金融自由化的大背景下,经济发展过程中我们所面对的问题,并且指出这两次危机对我国的启示。     

亚洲金融危机十年祭

1997年7月亚洲爆发了一场严重的金融危机,直到1999年才基本结束。从危机爆发至今已有十年。虽然,这些年对亚洲金融危机有各种各样的讨论,但并没有从最深层次的角度找到其爆发的根本原因。而且,当今世界在金融领域仍存在着许多不稳定因素。因此,本文力图从经济利益关系角度,结合东南亚各国的实际,对1997年亚洲金融危机进行新的反思,以对我国进一步开放金融市场提供一些有益的参考。