Game analysis on enterprise technological innovation

In 21^st century, the world economy has developed to a brand-new stage, and enterprises competition has formed a new trend. At the same time, technological innovation has already become the most important foundation of the core enterprise competitiveness. In China, there are more than 22 million enterprises with different scales. Although they contribute a lot to the economic development of China, their survival and development meet gigantic challenges in the intense international competition. Therefore, it is vitally significant seeks the impulse of technological innovation and enhances the international competitiveness in order that the enterprise can make the new contribution to Chinese economic development. Through describing the present enterprises＇ scale, quantity and contribution, this paper puts forward the game question of studying technological innovation motives and costs in enterprises with different scales. Based on examples, it analyzes advantages and disadvantages of large, medium and small-sized enterprises to take technological innovation, finds out i.he Nash equilibrium between static games and infinitely repeated games, and draws the conclusion that technological innovation is necessary for medium and small-sized enterprises keeping their existence in drastic competitive market, and the large innovation is the great impulse pushing economic development. In the drastic international competition, it is very urgent for enterprises with different scales to establish and implement effective development strategy of technological innovation. The paper not only brings forward that large, medium and small-sized enterprises should adopt co-petition strategies in technological area, associating complementary and benefit from each other in order that they can achieve innovative corporation, specialization, formalization and standardization, but considers the associated innovation with win-win target. The inevitable best choice keeping different scale enterprises continually develop in the future.     

An Analysis of Southeast Asian Firms＇ Investment in China

Economic cooperation between China and Southeast Asian economies is increasingly attracting the attention of policy-makers, scholars, and practitioners. Firms from Southeast Asia have been playing an important role in China‘s utilization of foreign direct investment, though most of these firms have been viewed as small, labor-intensive, and ordinary in technology. This paper reveals one important dimension of economic cooperation between China and Southeast Asia. It investigates the factors that influence Southeast Asian firms‘ investments in Guangdong, which is one of the largest provinces in China in terms of utilization of foreign direct investment, and it tries to answer the question of what make Southeast Asian firms invest in China in a large scale and in the way of advancing waves.T he research outcomes contribute to the knowledge of the changing economic relations between China and Southeast Asia.     

Analysis of China＇s Renewable Energy Development under the Current Economic and Technical Circumstances

At present, the development of renewable energy relies mainly on government support. The government invests in a considerable number of projects to improve public welfare and to assist in poverty relief If China is to replace fossil fuels on a large scale with renewable energy sources, the production costs and prices of renewable energy must be brought down. All countries are facing the challenge of moving to a more secure and low-carbon energy system without weakening economic and social development. In this regard, China is facing an even greater challenge in terms of economic cost, as cheap coal remains the main energy form. Technical innovation and industrialization in the area of renewable energy is an important means of lowering cost. China is in for a period of high-speed development of its economy and the rising demand for energy is irreversible. If the technical progress and development speed of renewable energy lags behind the growth in demand, it will be difficult to realize the improvement of its energy structure.     

Regionalism and East Asian economic integration

The wave of economic globalization moves to all the countries in the world to be integrated with multilateralism and by promotion of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization （GATT/WTO）. Meanwhile, the growth of regional economic integration has been one of the major developments in international economic relations, and undoubtedly regionalism is a part of the global economic environment. The objective of the paper is to review the trends and highlight the prospects for enhancing economic integration in East Asia. This paper has argued that the emerging East Asian economies have achieved sustained economic development and poverty reduction through domestic structural, institutional and governance reforms as well as through market-driven integration with the global and regional markets. Though this process was temporarily interrupted by the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, the economies have pursued further liberalization and reforms, deepened economic integration through trade, FDI and finance, and regained dynamic growth. The author argues that the reasonable choice for Eastern Asian countries is to deepen their economic integration and the optimal strategy is fostering economic integration with institutional cooperation.     

A Study of Sustainable Development of China＇s State-Level Economic and Technological Development Zones

State-level economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) are products of China‘s reform and opening-up policies and a new engine of growth for the Chinese economy. They have made tremendous contributions to the development of the Chinese economy. However,some problems have emerged in the course of this progress and new challenges are still lying ahead. Sustainable development is possible only when the strategy and objectives of development are adjusted, when the integrated investment environment is optimized, when industries are upgraded, when technical innovations are made, when independent innovation capabilities are lifted, when the mode of economic growth is changed, and when innovations are made in government management.     

Investment and Innovation State Support of Agriculture in Russia as a Condition of WTO

Russian agriculture is one of the industries operating in the unstable economic situation in a developing market taking into account risks of the world economy, economic, political, and climatic factors. The role of agriculture is to provide people＇s needs for food, significant effects on employment, the efficiency of domestic production, and way of life in rural areas by obligatory preserving food security in Russia. One of the major tasks for agriculture is the development of innovations and investments aimed at improving the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector. Russia＇s membership in the WTO since 2012 is getting a particular importance in the innovation and investment support of agriculture. The strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation until 2020 ＂Innovative Russia--2020＂ assumes three possible options for innovative development： inertial （directed on imports）, catch-up development and a local technological competitiveness and a variant of achieving leadership in leading scientific and technical sectors, and fundamental research. A positive point is that the strategy provides an algorithm of state support of the innovation cycle. The innovation cycle is the process associated with the sequence of innovation transformations （scientific or business ideas） in products, technology, business process and launches it on the market for commercial use. A positively developing regional aspect is of great importance.     

The Measure for the Management Innovation Performance of Industrial Enterprise of Sichuan Province

Both science and technology are the primary productive forces, and management is the second productivity. An industrial enterprise is an aorta of a country or a regional economic growth, while the level of its management innovation is directly influencing the economic growth rate of the country or the area. The management innovation performance of industrial enterprises mainly embodies the impetus to the country or the regional economic growth of management innovation. To measure the contribution proportion of management innovation to the industrial economic growth of Sichuan, the econometric model was set up by introducing management innovation as exogenous variable to Sichuan industrial economic growth model, and utilizing the relevant data of industrial economic growth of Sichuan, based on Solow＇s residual value method to calculate scientific and technological progress. The results, to some extent, can be used to offer some suggestions to manager＇s decision, and promote the sustainable, stable and well development of the industrial economy of Sichuan.     

重庆市促进区域创新的人力资源支持体系(英文)

正1.Introduction On the one hand,with the deepening of economic globalization and the development of science and technology,the world economy is increasingly regionalized.The competition between countries and districts gradually changes into the competition between regions.The importance of regional innovation capacity is increasingly prominent and has become the very fac-     

中国国家级经济开发区的可持续发展(英文)

I. IntroductionIn China, development zone is a general name for special economic zones, economic andtechnological development zones, high and new technology development zones, free tradezones, export processing zones, border economic cooperation zones, and tourism andvacationing zones. The object of study in this paper is the State-level economic andtechnological development zones approved by the State Council.At the beginning of 1984, to further open to the outside world, Chinese government…     

Social-economic Development of Small West European Peripheral Countries

In the framework of different countries＇ international comparison, the objective of this paper reflects research topic of investigation--the identification of small countries, revealing features of economic development and business growth in economic history context of small economies classification. The object of investigation focuses on West European and Nordic countries＇ small economies. The hypothesis of the article is that small states under consideration are developing as the business competitive peripheries areas due to the special Scandinavian capitalist model development characterized by high level of social capital. The statistical data base includes Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development indicators, World Bank parameters and Nordic transnational corporation＇s annual reports. The paper considers the following research questions： （1） the critical overview of the mainstream academicians opinions concerning different-scaled economies, （2） classification of small states and clarification of different groups of the small-scaled countries role in the world and regional economy through historical context, （3） estimates and variants of small countries＇ social-economic development in accordance with different parameters, （4） consideration of Nordic European countries coming to the business model of the competitive peripheral social-economic development. The main summing up conclusion is that small economies of Nordic Europe are converting nowadays into the experimental laboratory of the European and world economy due to the specific model of their social-oriented economic and business growth, their geopolitical location between developed European integration complex embracing presumably small-scaled states from one side and large-scaled emerging market economy of Asian continent from the other side.     

The Development of China＇s Electronics Industry： Causes and Constraints

The development of China‘s electronics industry can be attributed to supportive government policies, strong domestic market demand and the opportunities provided by the international transfer of technology in the electronic manufacturing sector. China‘s enterprises can only continue to develop through technological upgrading due to the lack of core technologies of their own. Since this process is still ongoing, China has not become a competitive country in the field of electronic technology. As a country in transition, government initiatives designed to encourage the development of the electronics industry have also undergone changes in line with economic institutional reform. Direct government intervention policies have been gradually replaced by indirect regulatory policies and the market is playing a more and more important role in the electronics industry.     

Promotion Modes and Operation Mechanisms of Regional Innovation System

Regional Innovation System （RIS） is very important in the process of promoting the escalation of regional industry structure, forming regional competitive edge, and realizing bounding development of regional economy. It is also the motivity to promote the further development of the late-developed regions. This article analyzes six promotion modes of regional innovation system and proposes four basic elements in the operation mechanisms of regional innovation svstem.     

Designing a framework for acquiring technological knowledge among technology transfer recipients A perspective from a radar

Technology transfer is becoming increasingly important for business and economic growth in developing nations. The modern global economy uses knowledge resources to increase productivity and foster improvements in standard of living. Individual businesses acquire knowledge of advanced technologies to establish and maintain competitive positioning in the global marketplace. Without proper knowledge acquisition, transfer of technology cannot take place. The process of acquiring knowledge requires the organization to choose or adapt elements of the technology to local cultural conditions to integrate it with indigenous technologies. The cultural context of the recipient can also affect the process of acquiring knowledge. The culture and social environment of the individual creates a schema for organizing knowledge and understanding reality. This paper has two objectives： Firstly, to investigate how organisational culture affects readiness for technology transfer, and secondly, to identify elements of organisational culture affecting readiness for technology transfer. Qualitative mode of data collection was used in this study as well as interview and focus group discussion. The results from the preliminary investigations were used to create the components of the framework. Hypotheses were formulated between the constructs of the framework and a rigorous attempt was made using Structural Equation Modelling （SEM） to validate the construct as they created through qualitative findings.     

Development and application evaluation of industrial common technology in Liaoning

This paper focuses on the theories and studies related to industrial common technology. Adopting Hall＇s 3-D structure analysis tool in systematic engineering and taking the regional economic characteristics of Liaoning Province in China into consideration, this paper carries out deep studies on the feasibility of the development and application evaluation of the industrial common technology in Liaoning Province of China, provides reference information for the development of Liaoning regional industrial common technology studies and makes its modest contributions to the regional economic development of the province.     

Monitoring basic characteristics of various economic-geographic regions for economic integration possibility

Motivation of virtually all regional economic integration initiatives has been prospect of enhanced economic growth. Lower transaction costs for business, lower risks associated with investment, expansion of markets, pooling of regional resources, better utilization of economies of scale in production, and more efficient allocation of resources, are part of benefits of economic integration. However, it is indisputable that in order to achieve some of these benefits, strong national economic policies will need to be made by collecting accuracy and pure information about the possible economic partner region. Therefore in this study, the basic characteristics of various economic-geographic regions such as demographic trends, economic performance, structure of trade, technology diffusion ＆ creation and energy sources are investigated for economic integration possibility of these regions.     

Creativity and Innovation as Strategic Resources in International Business Markets

This study focuses on Medium-Sized Multinationals （MSMs） that belong to the sectors of mechanics and electronics, and that operate in dynamic international business markets. This work aims to investigate how international marketing strategies are based and maybe in some cases actually heavily dependent on the capacity to form and enhance skills in design, engineering, and production activities, and on the propensity to invest more resources in research and development （R＆D） activities as well as in activities that are more strictly speaking production based （manufacturing）. Undoubtedly, in a global and dynamic business, creative knowledge is one of the key resources that firms must possess in order to take up international strategies successfully. Creativity and innovation are strategic resources for all firms, including those of a medium size and even more for those that belong to the so-called ＂traditional sectors＂. This study also has the objective of examining the influence of the structure and composition of a technological MSMs international alliance portfolio in order to understand which forms of international collaboration are more opportunities for firms that aspire to increasing their know-how and taking up new and more sophisticated forms of exploratory innovation. The present work highlights the results of an empirical research that were carried out during the years 2000-2009. The research involved more than 80 firms of the mechanical and electronics department in the Marche region in Italy.     

Analysis on the Regional Government Behaviors in a Perspective of Regional Innovation： A Case from Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province

The regional government is one of the most important factors in the regional innovation system. So the regional government behaviors strongly affect the process of regional innovation. How should the government do to impel the regional innovation？ This paper tries to give some answers to this question though analysis of the case of Yueqing City.     

Management Science in Knowledge Management

Technological developments, globalization, and numerous information types have caused significant changes in every part of people＇s life. In this era, along with the occurrence of information society, organizations have also initiated this changing process. Nowadays, increasing competition in economy makes information the most valuable part of production. Management administration, which is of high importance for the firms and which provides advantage in sustainable competition, has become one of the most popular topics. From now on, information is an economical tool for organizations. The people, who have information, are evaluated as powerful. Moreover, if the organizations produce new information from available information, they move ahead of their opponents. Information is in the centre of financial and social change. Meanwhile, information has a key role in both societies＇ and foundations＇ superiority struggle over another. Knowledge management is a compile of strategies and processes for creating, finding, and exploiting information. Reaching, gathering, sharing, utilizing, evaluating, and storing information are some of the processes of knowledge management. One of the most important parts of obtaining advantage in competition firms is to evaluate information effectively. In this paper, information management, its importance, its conceptual development, its aim, its underlying perspective, and its processes are highlighted. In the results of the study, two questions have been studied： What can be done in addition to current situation of information management and what are the points need to be careful about. The main focus in this article is on the knowledge management and its importance in the management science.     

Multiple Forces Driving China＇s Economic Development： A New Analytic Framework

Based on economic growth theory and the World Bank's analytical framework relating to the quality of growth, the present paper constructs a framework that encompasses physical, international, human, natural and knowledge capital to synthetically interpret economic development. After defining the five types of capital and total capital, we analyze the dynamic changes of these types of capital in China and in other countries. The results show that since China's reform and opening up, knowledge, international, human and physical capital have grown rapidly, with speeds of growth higher than that of economic growth. As the five types of capital have all increased at varying paces, the savings level of total capital in China has quadrupled in 25 years and overtook that of the USA in the 1990s. The changes in the five types of capital and total capital reveal that there are progressively multiple driving forces behind China's rapid economic development. Implications for China's long-term economic development are thereby raised.     

Governance and Economic Development in Africa Since 1970s in Comparison with East Asian Countries

The central argument of the article is that bad governance has been both the source and the consequence of the economic underperformance of African countries. Economic development is the end to be achieved in a sustainable way and this cannot be guaranteed without strong institutions under the conditioning of good governance and if possible democracy. Thus, at the heart of achieving economic development as indicated by East Asian countries and some countries that are able to register economic development in Africa recently, such as Ethiopia and Rwanda among others, they are building the appropriate institutions and policies, which are key to the process of economic growth by affecting the incentives to accumulate, innovate, and accommodate change. The article compares and contrasts governance and economic development between Africa and East Asian countries. It also reflects the lessons learned from East Asian countries to bring rapid economic growth and development in Africa.