高校科研团队距离因素对团队绩效的影响研究

如何提高科研团队创新水平和团队绩效是高校目前面临的重要课题,本文以高校科研团队为研究对象,首先回顾了距离因素和团队绩效的相关文献,并从情感距离、知识距离、空间距离和权力距离四个方面对影响团队绩效的因素做了详细分析,构建了高校科研团队绩效影响因素模型.然后通过大量的问卷调查,并利用经典统计分析和结构方程模型(SEM)对样本数据进行处理,对每个因素与团队绩效的作用方式、影响机制进行了实证研究.此外,针对研究结论作出了相应的分析并对高校科研团队管理提出了相应的改善建议,为今后高校科研团队的建设提供了科学的理论依据     

高校科研团队冲突、行为整合与绩效的关系

高校创新型科研团队冲突划分为关系冲突、任务冲突和过程冲突三个维度;高校创新型科研团队行为整合也包括联合决策、开放沟通和团队合作三个维度。目前对高校科研团队的研究集中于团队冲突对团队绩效的直接影响,忽视了对团队冲突与团队绩效之间的中介变量进行深入探讨。本文在理论分析的基础上提出了高校创新型科研团队行为整合对团队冲突与团队绩效关系的中介作用假设,采用问卷调查的方式收集数据,运用统计方法对假设进行了实证检验。一方面在一定程度上丰富了团队冲突直接作用于团队绩效的研究;另一方面也对建设高校科研团队提供了一些有参考价值的意见。研究结果显示：联合决策、开放沟通和团队合作在关系冲突与团队绩效之间具有完全的中介作用、在任务冲突与团队绩效之间具有部分的中介作用,在过程冲突与团队绩效之间不具有中介作用。     

高校科研团队创造力的可拓评价

在界定高校科研团队创造力内涵的基础上,分析了高校科研团队创造力的评价维度,从创造主体、创造过程、创造成果和创造环境4个维度构建了高校科研团队创造力评价指标体系,并运用可拓学的物元方法建立了多级可拓评价模型。最后运用实例说明了高校科研团队创造力的可拓评价过程。结果表明,利用可拓评价法能得出待评高校科研团队创造力的综合水平,评价结果能反映待评高校在科研团队创造力的不同维度上的竞争优势和差距。     

高校科研团队创造力整合机制研究

团队创造力已经成为科技领域主要发展动力和创新模式,是组织赢得竞争优势的关键驱动因素。在较系统地分析高校科研团队创造力的内涵、构成要素、构成要素之间的关系以及高校科研团队创造力特征的基础上,从适应融合机制、涌现机制和协同互补机制3个方面,对高校科研团队创造力形成的整合机制进行了综合分析,最后指出,在高校科研团队创造力的形成过程中应综合运用这3种机制,充分实现个体层面和团队层面创造力的有效整合。     

高校科研团队建设的研究

近年来,高校逐步成为我国科技创新的主力军,但是高校科研团队的队伍建设状况却不容乐观。分析了高校科研团队队伍建设中存在的几个问题,提出了促进高效科研团队建设的几点措施。     

包容型领导风格对高校科研团队绩效影响的实证研究

界定了包容型领导风格的内涵,指出了包容型领导风格由5个维度体现,即领导者公平对待成员并与员工实现共赢、领导者鼓励跨部门和跨学科的合作交流、领导者培养并认可团队成员、领导者包容并充分发挥团队成员的优势、领导者包容团队成员的失败并给予指导。然后,利用针对浙江高校科研团队的调研数据,实证分析了包容型领导风格对高校科研团队绩效的影响。结果显示:包容型领导风格与高校科研团队绩效显著正相关;包容型领导风格的5个维度对高校科研团队绩效具有不同影响,其中领导者公平对待成员并与员工实现共赢、领导者包容并充分发挥团队成员的优势两个维度对团队绩效的影响尤其突出。     

基于小世界网络的高校科研团队知识扩散行为研究

随着知识时代的到来,知识共享、知识扩散与知识创造成为经济增长的重要推动力,知识团队成为了新时代经济发展的重要力量。高校科研团队是典型的知识型团队,知识共享与知识扩散在团队知识创造活动中起着重要作用。文章对国内外小世界网络、科研团队知识扩散行为等研究进行了梳理,以期为深入探讨高校科研团队知识扩散的微观过程提供借鉴,进一步提高高校科研团队知识共享水平,增强高校科研团队知识创造能力。     

高校创新型科研团队行为理论研究综述

分析高校科研创新型团队行为模式的研究与发展现状,对于规范团队成员行为,提升团队创新能力,实现团队可持续发展都具有重要实践指导意义。通过剖析国内外高校创新型科研团队行为模式理论的研究现状,比较评价了国内外研究中存在的问题,并展望了未来研究方向与发展趋势,以指导高校科研团队建设。〖JP〗     

信息科研团队管理探讨

信息技术的飞速发展带动了各高校信息科研团队的建设。信息科研团队因工作领域的独特性有其独特的管理规律和模式。本文从现阶段高校信息科研团队管理现状中总结经验,提出加强团队管理的改进方法和措施。     

高校科研创新团队能力跃进机制研究

自2004年教育部提出科研创新团队支持计划以来,不同层次的"高校科研创新团队"如雨后春笋般涌出现。很多高校从形式上组建了科研创新团队,却很少探究科研创新团队的能力成长机制。运用系统理论、知识管理理论,阐述了高校科研创新团队及其能力的内涵,构造了高校科研创新团队能力跃进的一般模型,并讨论了高校科研创新团队能力跃进的动力系统。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.