教育的本质问题再思考——以教育服务社会为视角

认清教育本质是人才培养的关键,通过对比归纳研究发现教育的本质在于培养人的创造性的同时提供沟通与交流的平台。这有助于解释通才教育与专才教育的联系及区别,澄清复合型人才与专业型人才的培养误区,同时能够让我们认识到当今高校毕业生就业难的原因所在。     

University choice and entrepreneurship

This paper aims at shedding light upon the impact of universities on graduates’ entrepreneurial choice. Previous studies analyze the relationship between the choice of university and labor market success of graduates in terms of their subsequent wages, employability or over-education, whereas the possible link between the choice of university and entrepreneurial choice is neglected. Using 1998–2008 data on graduates from Swedish higher education institutions, the paper finds significant variation in the impact of universities on the career choice of graduates. The results suggest that graduates with degrees in the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine and teacher education from more prestigious universities systematically differ from others in their entrepreneurial choice. At the same time, no statistically significant difference is found for technical science graduates.     

Comparative study of cognitive styles in Egypt,Greece, Hong Kong and the UK

Cognitive style has been described as consistent individual differences in the organising and processing of information. It is has been argued that it is an important factor in managerial learning and cognition. A number of authors have suggested that groups from different national cultures are likely to exhibit style differences and that this has important implications for management training and development. In the present study, which employed closely matched samples of business and management undergraduates from Egypt, Greece and the UK, there were no statistically significant differences in style. However, in post‐graduate samples from Egypt, Hong Kong and the UK that were less closely matched, statistically significant differences were observed. Comparison of these data with those from other studies suggests that amongst under‐graduates from a variety of national cultures there do not appear to be significant differences in style. Among post‐graduates and managers the picture that emerges was more equivocal and the extent to which any observed differences are artefacts of sampling and method remains unclear. The implications of the findings for style theory and management education, training and development are discussed.     

理性对待农民工和大学毕业生的收入差异问题

大学生与农民工收入确实存在一定差异。依据相关经济理论,从成本和收益、非工资性收益、社会经济结构和工龄等方面对其进行了分析,对读书无用论提出质疑。只有理性对待大学生和农民工的收入问题,促进高学历人才和高技能人才的培养,才能够正确地进行人力资源开发的投资。     

How relevant is the MBA: A revisit

The master of business administration (MBA) is the centerpiece of management education and holds the promise of systematically preparing its graduates for their managerial roles. However, there is escalating criticism that MBA programs are losing their relevance based on empirical evidence that competencies indicated by managers to be most critical are least represented in core MBA curricula. The authors re-examine the evidence and argue that the misalignment appears to be overstated. Consideration for relevance in preparing graduates for managerial roles needs to consider not only curricula, but also actual learning, social capital from the alumni network, and the signaling effect of graduating from an MBA program.     

独立学院毕业生就业方向分布探讨

通过对独立院校毕业生就业方向分布现状的分析,探讨了形成这种现状的原因,在确定人才培养定位目标;提高教育质量,突出办学特色;加强就业指导服务,完善就业服务体系;提高学生综合素质,树立正确的就业观念等方面提出了解决独立学院学生就业工作的对策。     

基于市场需求的高职会计人才培养模式的研究

当前高职会计毕业生找工作比较困难,尤其是和会计专业对口的工作,会计专业学生就业难的关键问题是学生的动手实践能力弱。用人单位多数要求学生有工作经验,而学校培养学生的能力和社会需求相脱节,结果造成高职培养出的学生既没有本科学生的理论深厚,又没有中职学生的动手能力强,没有突出高职的办学特色等现状。为了培养适合企业需求的技能型人才,高职院校应进行教学改革,修订与市场需求相适应的人才培养方案,加大实践教学力度,加强学生职业道德和全面素质的培养,通过多方面多渠道的培养学生,从而使学生适合日益变化的人才市场的需求。     

A Decade of Service-learning: A Review of the Field Ten Years after JOBE’s Seminal Special Issue

This article reviews developments in the field of service-learning, both in terms of general management education and business ethics specific courses, over the past 10 years. Using the 1996 Journal of Business Ethics special issue on service-learning as a benchmark, numerous accomplishments are presented and continued barriers are discussed. Finally, three issues are raised as next steps for service-learning authors and practitioners as we move forward into the next decade: (1) designing effective and sustainable university/community partnerships, (2) addressing problems stemming from the conspiracy of courtesy, and (3) optimizing the intersection between online learning and service-learning.     

University spillovers and new business location in high-technology sectors: Spanish evidence

This paper examines the relationship between knowledge spillovers from universities and new business location in high-technology sectors. We focus on the contribution to new business formation through spillovers stemming from three main university outputs: knowledge-based graduates, research activities, and technological knowledge. We construct a new dataset with information on 604 companies and 63 universities in Spain and group the data across 36 geographical areas from 2001 to 2004 (144 observations). After controlling for several traditional cost factors and agglomeration characteristics, we find that university spillovers are relevant in explaining the location of new businesses in high-technology sectors in Spain. Further, our analysis draws attention to the relevance of graduates as the main source of spillovers, while research activities and university technology do not have significant effects.     

No Space – New Blood and the Production of Brand Culture Colonies

This paper explores implications for marketing education curricula of developments in marketing practice. Research from a variety of sources is drawn together and suggests that many marketing graduates are not being well equipped for 'the new marketing'. Marketing curricula should be reconsidered with respect to the nature of the learning outcomes, skills and knowledge that are required by graduates. Specifically, a range of marketing research and information issues are raised, together with implications of the new marketing metrics and the nature of marketing's wider role (via alliances and partnerships) in Knowledge Management strategies. This is furthered by the need to revisit the marketing concept itself in terms of its wider social responsibilities.     

Undergraduate Business Education in the People's Republic of China

Abstract

Adaptation to the Market Economy

The People's Republic of China is transforming its economy to a market-driven focus. A key aspect of this is the conversion and elimination of state-owned enterprises. To do this requires a mass education program for enterprise managers. The approach to change examined in this study is based on curriculum internationalization models. This paper examines the needs perceived by potential employers for university graduates. Conclusions are based on in-depth interviews held in and around Shanghai as part of a City University of New York-Shanghai University cooperative program.     

Financial literacy among university students: A study in eight European countries

This study analysed the level of financial literacy among university students in Estonia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation and Turkey. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of financial literacy among university students, and to find out the relationship between financial knowledge and demographic characteristics of students. Online survey instrument was used to collect data. 409 fully completed questionnaires were accepted for analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyse of impact of the demographic characteristics on financial literacy. Overall mean of correct answers for the survey was 72.2%. This result represents a medium level of financial literacy about personal finance. Results indicate that male students, business major students, PhD students, those who live in a rental house, those whose parents have high level income, those who get advice on financial matters from their friends, those who took financial course before, those who get financial information about financial issues from university education, and students from Poland are more knowledgeable on personal finance. More financial courses should be provided in university education programmes, which could help more students handle their finances better and improve their financial wellbeing. It should be taken into consideration that in recent years, environmental and technological influences on financial literacy may be more important than parental influence.     

Suggestions and Procedures for Choosing a Chinese Institution of Higher Education as a Partner

Abstract

China has one of the largest and most complex higher education systems in the world, and a key challenge facing any foreign education institution is how to select an appropriate potential partner. This paper considers how a number of foreign university managers selected a university in China. Issues of location, ranking, status, programs, mutual benefit and “fit” are considered along with less specific and tangible issues related to the nature and environment in which the Chinese university operated. One of the findings of the paper was that identifying and selecting an appropriate partner was often based not only on a range of tangible, cognitive factors, but also on less specific, affective issues such as how the two sides would actually relate to each other at a human level. A second key issue is the observation that foreign university staff had to make the decision between selecting a high ranking Chinese university which had status, ranking, income and-often a wide range of existing foreign partners and a lower ranking Chinese university which had none of these attributes, but which was often a more willing and easier partner at least in the initial stages of alliance activity. Finally, selection was made against a rapidly changing and deregulating university environment in China, making selection both more challenging and demanding than in the past. The paper will be of use to existing and potential foreign university staff wishing to enter this busy market for a range of collaborative activities planned for either China or the foreign country.     

高校大学生自主创业教育现状及对策研究

随着我国教育体制改革的不断发展,高等教育模式由精英化教育向大众化教育逐步过渡,随之而来的大学生的就业形势日益严峻。基．于分析我国高校目前开展大学生自主创业教育的现状,对比国外创业教育环境和背景提出适应于我国高校的创业教育对策,旨为大学生的自主创业做出有效的理论导向和提高创业成功率,从而使更多的大学生勇于尝试自主创业,为高校毕业生就业工作拓展新局面。     

The impact of local and external university knowledge on the creation of knowledge-intensive firms: evidence from the Italian case

This paper investigates how far in space university knowledge goes to breed the creation of knowledge-intensive firms (KIFs), depending on the nature (either codified or tacit) and quality of this knowledge. We consider the impact of knowledge codified in academic patents and scientific publications and tacit knowledge embodied in university graduates on KIF creation in Italian provinces in 2010, while distinguishing between local university knowledge created by universities located in the same province and external university knowledge created by universities located outside the province. Our econometric estimates indicate that the positive effects of scientific publications and university graduates are confined within the boundaries of the province in which universities are located. Conversely, the creation of new KIFs in a focal province is positively affected by both local and external university knowledge codified in academic patents, even though the positive effect of this external knowledge rapidly diminishes with geographic distance. Furthermore, the above effects are confined to high-quality universities; low-quality universities have little effect on KIF creation.     

高等学校毕业生就业市场营销研究

近年来,高等学校毕业生的就业问题引起了社会各界的广泛关注。解决毕业生的就业问题需要政府、高等学校、用人单位、毕业生等多方的努力。我们认为在高等学校毕业生就业中需要遵循市场竞争的规律,需要运用市场营销理论来指导毕业生就业。本文首先简单介绍了高校毕业生就业市场营销的内涵,接着对高校毕业生就业市场营销战略和市场营销策略进行了论述,最后指出高校毕业生就业市场营销中需要做好的一些工作。     

Organizational socialization of newcomers: the role of professional socialization

Organizational socialization is the process through which newcomers learn the requisite social and task knowledge in order to resolve role uncertainty and become organizational insiders. Successful socialization of newcomers implies better retention of employees, higher productivity, and reduced recruitment and training costs. Many organizational newcomers undergo professional socialization through education and related work experience during their schooling. These newcomers may respond differently to an organization's efforts to socialize them when compared with newcomers without any related professional education or work experience. The importance of prior work experience and professional education for organizational socialization of newcomers, however, has received attention only recently. The aim of the research reported in this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of prior related work experience and professional education on the relationship between organizational socialization tactics and newcomer's adjustment. The study was conducted with a sample of new graduates from an Asian university. Findings show that prior related work experience and professional education moderate the effects of socialization tactics on newcomer's role clarity, role conflict and organizational commitment. The moderators have effects on different outcomes and in opposite directions. The paper discusses theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

Internationalising Professional Skill Development

ABSTRACT

Internationalisation of education, and more specifically tertiary education, all over the world has contributed to a significant overhaul in student composition. Parallel to this runs the need for graduates to leave university with a range of professional skills. In response to this, universities actively encourage the development of such skills in their programs by integrating the teaching and assessing of professional skills into academic programs. This paper reports on the efficacy of a professional skills program and its support structures as used in the Bachelor of Commerce degree program of a university. The paper outlines how the skills were taught and assessed in the International Management 375 unit and presents data on the changes in students' perceptions of their skill levels. The interpretation of the data is further differentiated on the base of gender, language and country of origin.     

Critical professional skills of MIS graduates: Practitioner vs. Academician perspectives

Since enterprises have become aware of technological developments; they have started to give significant importance to information technology investments. As in all university departments, also management information systems (MIS) and business informatics programs analyze the change in the industry and aim to graduate students that fit the current needs. The authors aim to evaluate the critical skills of MIS graduates and industry based on industry demand. Providing information systems support, knowledge on latest systems, managerial knowledge, systems development, project management, and teamwork comprise the six critical factors for becoming a successful MIS professional.     

Mutual Performance Monitoring: Elaborating the Development of a Team Learning Theory

Preparing university graduates for the world of work must address teamness, a quality essential to working in complex and dynamic organizations. Mutual performance monitoring (MPM) highlighted as a fundamental component in the authors’ initial team learning theory is examined. It was thought that first year university students may not have the skills of MPM to affect high quality team outputs, and our results suggest this is true. It is proposed that students are supported with strategies which legitimize monitoring the work of their team members and that the ideas of collusion, spying and cheating are replaced with teamness. Further, it appears that many academics are unprepared or ill-equipped to prepare students for a world of work in teams. Exposing the naivety of students, presenting perceived and positive changes in team skills and suggesting strategies may provide some pedagogical guidance for academic educators to better implement team learning. This paper explores MPM as a building block in a more comprehensive theory of team learning.