美国奥巴马政府新能源政策及对我国的启示

美国新能源政策是一个以能源结构变革为先导的经济全面复兴计划,对世界经济、政治和社会各个层面都有广泛影响,对中国发展新能源战略性新兴产业具有很强的借鉴价值。本文详细总结了奥巴马政府新能源政策的内容和特点,并从中归纳美国的战略意图,结合中国现存新能源发展问题和美国新能源政策做法,提出我国发展新能源产业的措施,努力使新能源战略性新兴产业成为我国21世纪最具潜力和活力的产业之一。     

新能源产业有望成经济新增长点

一、世界各国争抢新能源先机 1.美国准备在新能源和环保问题上重新领导世界 在国际危机重建中,奥巴马已将能源产业选择为美国经济复兴的核心,能源改革已成为美国经济振兴的主力.奥巴马拟定的能源战略政策目标包括:实现美国石油独立、大力开发可再生能源、控制温室气体、提供大量绿色就业岗位、提高美国的能源利用效率等.     

全球视角下的新能源汽车产业发展趋势探讨

新能源汽车是21世纪第二个十年里人类开启的重要议题。在全球经济快速发展背景下,新能源汽车也作为全球各国的核心发展战略被有效应用,其全球范围的布局与投入正在逐渐扩大。文章从政策、市场、路线三个层面探讨了全球范围内新能源汽车的产业发展大趋势,并提出了新形势下全球新能源汽车产业发展对我国汽车产业的几点启示,以期为我国该行业的未来路径拓展提供参考。     

从战略角度看特朗普减税

<正>在美国参众两院最终通过减税法案前后,国内学者和媒体就此展开了大规模讨论,所持观点各不相同,且负面看法居多。本质上看,与"能源主导权"战略一样,特朗普大规模减税政策也是其"美国优先"战略的重要组成部分,刺激消费、促进国内经济增长是其首要考量,对目前复苏乏力的全球经济无疑具有正面拉动效应。与里根当年大规模减税主要针对"日本可以说     

美国制造业复兴及其先进制造业发展策略分析

本文分析了美国制造业复兴政策出台的背景及其在国内引起的有关争议。同时就美国创新战略与其发展先进制造业之间的关系进行了分析,结论是发展先进制造业是其创新战略的组成部分之一,是其创新成果产业化、强化美国在世界创新中的领导地位的必然要求。美国制造业必然向着先进制造的方向发展,美国制造业在大萧条之后的结构性增长也证实了这一点,这同时也是其创新战略实施和国内经济结构演化的结果。     

中国与美欧开展能源合作面临的问题及前景分析

一、中国与美欧开展新能源合作背景分析 新能源又被称为清洁能源,是在新技术条件下所开发利用的能源资源,包括生物质能、太阳能、风能、洁净煤技术、氢能、核能等.起始于美国的世界金融危机对全球经济造成沉重打击之后,面对全球金融危机和经济衰退,新能源开发和利用被提到具有战略性的地位并被作为应对经济危机的有效手段.美国、欧盟等世界发达经济体大力推进新能源的发展,既着眼于当前应对金融危机,更从战略的高度抢占未来经济的制高点.     

国外新能源发展道路的探索启示

正中国、美国、德国、日本等各个国家都在为争取开发新能源来拉动未来经济发展的新增长方式而努力,新能源的开发利用以及节能技术、节能产品和服务已经成为各国能源战略的重点。联合国秘书长潘基文于2011年末发起了"人人享有可持续能源"倡议,提出全球在2030年实现三大目标:人人享有现代能源服务、能源效率在全球范围内提高一倍、全球可再生能源在能源结构中的比重翻番,并将2012年定为"人人享有可持续能源"国际年。2012年8月20日,商务部发布关于对美国可再生能源产业的部分扶     

战略性贸易政策在中国的适用性分析

在美国次贷危机冲击之下,全球经济陷入低迷,美国等发达国家纷纷采用战略性贸易政策调整本国经济.本文从美国实践该战略的结果出发初步分析这一战略在中国的适用性.     

战略性贸易政策在中国的适用性分析

在美国次贷危机冲击之下,全球经济陷入低迷,美国等发达国家纷纷采用战略性贸易政策调整本国经济.本文从美国实践该战略的结果出发初步分析这一战略在中国的适用性.     

美国次贷危机对中国“走出去”战略实施的启示

美国次贷危机的产生有其内因和外因;美国次贷危机对全球金融市场、全球贸易和经济增长带来冲击和动荡;美国次贷危机对中国走出去战略的实施带来了新的挑战和风险,同时也提供了深刻的启示:仍然要坚定不移地坚持对外开放的政策;坚持把物质生产部门的经济做大做强做优放在首位;正确地认识和应对走出去战略所面临的新挑战和新风险;正确地把握好走出去的有利机遇;进一步加强国内金融市场的基础设施建设,加大对金融创新产品的监管,维护国家的金融稳定和安全。     

Budget surpluses and social security reform: U.S. fiscal policy issues in 1998

In 1997 the US President and Congress concluded an agreement that imposed caps on discretionary government spending and which was expected to balance the budget by the year 2002. Just one year later the tide has turned: the fiscal year 1998 resulted in a US budget surplus for the first time since 1969. This article discusses the causes for this surprising development and the link between budget surpluses and Social Security's finances. It also relates some recent proposals on how to preserve the budget surplus for Social Security to the sustainability of fiscal policy.     

The organization of industry in the P.R. China

The Chinese have let it be known since the death of Mao Zedong and the purge of the “Gang of Four” that they would in future draw on credits from foreign governments as well as other sources to finance imports of technology. According to western conjectures China’s capital requirements may be between US $ 25 and 50 bn or even a good deal higher. Many observers have taken the view that the Chinese have thereby put all their former development principles behind them. The author of the following article was in the P.R. China about the middle of this year at the invitation of the National Planning Commission. His assessment is that the P.R. China is far from embarking on an entirely new course in its development policy.     

Richtungswechsel in den USA — Folgen der neuen Präsidentschaft für die Wirtschaft

Under US President Donald Trump, it can be expected that large tax cuts will be passed and public expenditure will be slightly limited. He correctly identified US deindustrialisation as one of the economy’s core problems. His proposed policy platforms, however, are unpredictable and most likely harmful for the US and world economy. Even more importantly, the new government repeatedly clashes with national and multilateral institutions and thereby challenges the heart of democratically based capitalism. At present, it is still open if Donald Trump’s Executive Orders on trade measures will be backed by the US Congress. In any case, the new US administration is obviously abandoning the general principle of free trade. But the announced changes in US trade and exchange rate policies are less of a fundamental break than is often argued, because cooperation in international economic policy has always been limited and unstable. Beyond trade policy, it seems to be the intention of the new US government to fundamentally change the course of the country with regard to the financial markets. With regard to its monetary policy, the administration’s current position is marked by its inherent inconsistency. However, the new government has several channels through which to influence and fundamentally change the working of the Fed in order to make it more obedient to its goals.     

China’s growing conflict with the WTO

China is the leading exporter of rare earths, elements which are crucial to the development of high-tech products and new green technologies. In recent years, however, China has begun imposing export restraints on these elements in order to benefit its domestic economic development. This reduces global supply and thus artificially leads to higher prices for importing countries. The EU, the US and Japan have launched a formal complaint in the WTO against China’s export restrictions. China claims that these restrictions are aimed at environmental protection. This paper examines China’s rare earth policy and its compliance with WTO rules.     

Is the US Dollar a Suitable Anchor for the Newly Proposed GCC Currency?

Responses of inflation and non‐oil output growth from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to monetary policy shocks from the United States (US) were estimated to determine whether there is evidence to support the US dollar as the anchor for the proposed unified currency. A structural vector autoregression identified with short‐run restrictions was employed for each country with Fed funds rate as the US monetary policy instrument, non‐oil output growth and inflation. The main results suggest that for inflation, the GCC countries show synchronised responses to monetary policy shocks from the US which are similar to inflation in the US, and for non‐oil output growth, there is no clear indication that US monetary policy can be as effective for the GCC countries as it is domestically. Consequently, importing US monetary policy via a dollar peg may guarantee only stable inflation for the GCC countries – not necessarily stable non‐oil output growth. If the non‐oil output response is made conscientiously – and there are concerns over the dollar’s ability to perform its role as a store of value – a basket peg with both the US dollar and the euro may be a sound alternative as confirmed by the variance decomposition analysis of our augmented SVAR with a proxy for the European short‐term interest rate.     

Impacts of the US Trade and Financial Sanctions on Iran

This article presents a case study of the effectiveness of the US unilateral trade and financial sanctions on Iran. To assess the trade sanctions’ effect, the US–Iran historical trade data are examined, and the economic cost of trade sanctions is measured by applying the concept of welfare loss. The financial sanctions’ impacts are evaluated by assessing the extra charges Iran has paid on its foreign debt obligations and for financing its oil development projects. At the end, the efficacy of the US sanctions policy towards Iran is evaluated. It is found that the financial sanctions have had a more powerful impact than the trade sanctions. The analysis also shows that the unilateral import sanctions on the fungible crude oil have been ineffective. It is concluded that, overall, the sanctions’ economic effect has been significant, while its political effect has been minimal. This article suggests that targeting the sanctions towards the ruling clergy can improve their effectiveness while lessening their side effects on the Iranian population. Precise smart sanctions to force the ruling clerics to step down will calm down Islamic fundamentalisms throughout the region and will contribute to peace and better relations with the West.     

Facing up to Trump administration mercantilism: The 2018 WTO trade policy review of the United States

As one of the largest trading economies in the WTO system, US trade policy is reviewed regularly by WTO members, informed by a Trade Policy Review (TPR) report. This paper discusses the 2018 TPR of the United States, the 14th such review undertaken since the entry into force of the WTO in 1995. It is the first review of trade policy under the Trump administration. While the TPR documents the significant changes in US trade policy, it does not engage with the mercantilist vision that motivates trade policy under President Trump or the apparent desire to engage in trade wars with its major trading partners. The lack of discussion of the existential threat to the liberal trading system implied by the drastic changes to US trade policy reduces the salience of the TPR and makes it unclear exactly what purpose it serves.     

美韩自由贸易协定的形成、运行机制及启示:竞争性自由化视角

本文主要从美国竞争性自由化贸易战略发展演化与实施的视角探讨美韩自由贸易协定的形成与其运行机制,并在此基础上提出构建中韩自由贸易区双赢合作机制的启示。     

Global monetary policy under a dollar standard

This paper derives an optimal monetary policy in a world with a dollar standard, defined as an environment in which all traded goods prices are set in US dollars, so that exchange rate pass-through into the US price level is zero. We show that the US is essentially indifferent to exchange rate volatility, while the rest of the world places a high weight on exchange rate volatility. In a Nash equilibrium of the monetary policy game, US preferences dominate; the equilibrium is identical to one where the US alone chooses world monetary policy. Despite this, we find surprisingly that the US loses from the dollar's role as an international currency, since the absence of exchange rate pass-through leads to inefficient expenditure allocations within the US. Finally, we derive the conditions for a dollar standard to exist.     

Die radikalen Steuerpläne der US-Republikaner und die Folgen für die EU

The Republican majority in the US House of Representatives is considering the introduction of a destination-based cash flow tax (DBCFT). While its global implementation has the potential to substantially increase welfare, a unilateral introduction of such a tax system raises a range of questions due to the existence of source-based taxation systems abroad. We consider the US tax plans from an EU perspective. We show that European exporters may suffer, but European firms with affiliation in the US may benefit from a switch to the DBCFT. American firms will be the likely losers of this policy. Finally, we discuss potential policy reactions by the EU and its member countries as well as legal and economic implications of possible adjustments in EU tax systems.