石油石化企业供应链整合与优化初探

当前石油石化企业油气供应链管理存在专业化程度不高、效率效益显性化不够、资源共享不够、拓展能力不强、支撑能力不强等问题,中国石油、中国石化的供应链物流成本具有巨大的整合优化提升空间。运用供应链整合与优化理论,借鉴国家军改、行业企业等整合与优化的成功经验,针对石油石化行业供应链存在的问题,创新性提出“集团管总、专业主供、区域主销”供应链整合与优化思路和模型,从体系优化、专业协同、资源共享、过程管理、数据增值、生态打造、联盟构建、绿色发展等维度提出具体措施,推动供应链由垂直独立运营向专业化一体化运营转变,为促进石油石化企业供应链管理效能提升、成本降低及竞争实力增强进行有益探索。     

基于系统思考的供应链整合及其系统模型

本文从系统思考的角度出发,提出供应链整合系统观,分析系统观在供应链整合中具体表现,并在此基础上构建一个出供应链整合系统模型,使供应链系统内部有效协同和外部适应性,从而有效提升供应链整体竞争力.     

供应链整合、风险管理有效性与运营绩效——以汽车制造企业上市公司为例北大核心

本文选取汽车制造企业上市公司作为研究样本,并充分考虑供应链风险管理对供应链整合的影响,对供应链整合和汽车制造企业上市公司运营绩效的关系以及供应链风险管理在汽车制造企业上市公司供应链整合管理中所发挥的作用进行探讨。研究结果表明,供应链整合对企业运营绩效存在显著的负向影响。供应链风险管理对企业运营绩效存在显著的正向影响,而汽车制造企业上市公司的供应链风险管理对供应链整合与企业运营绩效之间的关系存在显著的调节效应。     

整合营销传播在供应链上的应用模式

在当前的全球竞争环境中，没有供应商的全力合作，企业很难在设计、生产、质量和服务方面取得大的突破。以前人的理论为基础，本文提出了在供应链上实施整合营销传播的“关系——反应”模式(2R’s)：基于整体考虑，从供应商的选择开始，经由组织整合和信息化整合塑造供应链上最优的关系类型，以此达成对顾客需求的迅速反应和有效反应的目标，提升供应链的整体竞争能力。     

虚拟整合的概念模型与价值创造

本文在阐释虚拟整合概念的基础上,分析了虚拟整合与虚拟企业、供应链联盟、虚拟供应链、价值网、虚拟价值链等概念和理论之间的关系,并将其纳入同一框架下,提出了虚拟整合的概念模型;同时,对虚拟整合的价值创造机制与路径进行了分析和探讨,指出虚拟整合实现了合作企业的价值创造活动由实体空间向虚拟空间的延伸,而信息共享、跨组织流程再造、基于顾客价值的商业模式创新以及基于价值星系的开放式创新等则是虚拟整合在虚拟空间实现价值创造的主要路径。     

企业内部供应链集成模式研究

随着经济形势的变化,企业面临愈加严重的成本和竞争压力,进行内部供应链整合以提高运营效率具有重要的战略意义.典型的供应链整合模式主要有基于信息技术的整合模式和基于BPR思想的整合模式,但此两种模式在实际运用中都存在问题.本文在对典型模式时比分析基础上,提出了基于市场链的供应链整合模式,并运用经济学原理进行分析,为企业进行内部供应链构建提供思路.     

价值模块整合与产业融合

本文重点研究了与产业融合、产业结构密切相关的价值模块研发、重用和整合三个关键环节，分析了三种基本的模块整合模式：内部组织模式、元件市场交易模式和授权设计交易模式。认为价值模块是产业融合的载体，并总结了SIP模块、SOC对3C产业融合的影响。模块化、产业融合不仅使生产结构基础改变了，竞争的基础也发生了转变，使企业之间的合作与竞争都达到了极致，这集中表现为企业之间的合作竞争，而企业之间的竞争又分为两个层面：设计规则的标准竞争和模块供应商之间激烈的“背对背”竞争。     

垂直专业化的工资增长效应——理论与中国高技术产业的经验分析

本文构建一个理论模型探讨了垂直专业化对工资增长的影响,并选取中国高技术产业1995—2008年三位数行业面板数据,运用面板单位根及协整检验、面板FMOLS与DOLS估计方法进行了经验分析。研究表明,垂直专业化有利于行业工资收入水平的提高,但对工资收入的贡献具有显著的行业差异性;行业总收入对工资收入水平的提高有着促进作用,且具有行业差异性。在此基础上,运用动态面板数据GMM方法考察影响垂直专业化的关键因素,分析结果表明外向度、资本密集度、劳动效率、交易费用为我国高技术产业垂直专业化的影响因素,而行业竞争不是影响垂直专业化的决定性因素。     

全球价值链与中国地方产业集群的供应链式整合--以苏浙粤纺织服装产业集群为例

地方产业集群的发展不仅需要全球价值链嵌入和耦合的推动,同时集群的供应链式整合(即地方产业集群在同一地域形成完整或近乎完整的价值链)也是地方产业集群升级的关键,这样才能保证地方产业集群在与全球价值链耦合时获取价值链中高附加值、核心战略环节的竞争优势。文章阐述了全球价值链与地方产业集群的供应链整合的三种模式,并以中国纺织服装产业为实例,通过苏(横扇镇)、浙(织里镇)、粤(沙溪镇)三地的纺织服装产业集群,来分析在面对纺织服装产业“后配额时代”的到来,如何将全球价值链与进行集群供应链式整合并实现产业升级;在此基础上说明中国纺织服装产业集群在供应链式整合和嵌入全球价值链过程中所面临的障碍;最后提出地方产业集群的升级思路和途径。     

项目供应链风险传递对策之模块化

本文在分析了项目型供应链的特点及其风险传递原理的基础上,将模块化的思想应用于风险防范中,采用设计结构矩阵对项目供应链网络进行模块化划分,由此可以简化项目供应链网络结构,降低风险的无效传递,同时实现这种临时组织的扁平化,降低管理难度.     

价值模块的虚拟再整合:以IC产业为例

价值链分解和模块化导致了IC产业的价值转移，模块化背景下的虚拟再整合是IC产业的发展趋势。本文分析了价值链与价值模块的区别和联系，以集成电路产业(IC产业)为例研究了产业的价值转移和虚拟再整合，探讨了产业内部企业之间的关系，认为EMS(工程、制造、服务)和CMM(零组件模块化快速出货)模式是IC产业虚拟再整合的重要经营模式，以地方政府或模块架构设计者等主导者为中心实施价值模块协同网战略(VMCN)将会促进我国全球制造中心的形成。     

模块化理论的再审视:局限及适用范围

模块化借助模块内部的信息隐藏等优势,正在越来越多的行业得到广泛应用,成为信息时代新产业结构的本质。本文认为,从一体化框架下脱颖而出的模块化不可能成为产业发展的终极稳态。因为模块化既存在诸多难以解决的缺陷,也缺乏一体化的内部协调优势。不能直接定论采用一体化还是模块化,应该根据技术性能和消费需求的差距,在产品性能尚不够好的时候采用一体化,在性能好过头的时候采用模块化,二者交替使用。     

Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration

Supply chain integration is widely considered by both practitioners and researchers a vital contributor to supply chain performance. The two key flows in such relationships are material and information. Previous studies have addressed information integration and material (logistics) integration in separate studies. In this paper, we investigate the integrations of both information and material flows between supply chain partners and their effect on operational performance. Specifically, we examine the role of long-term supplier relationship as the driver of the integration. Using data from 232 Australian firms, we find that logistics integration has a significant effect on operations performance. Information technology capabilities and information sharing both have significant effects on logistics integration. Furthermore, long-term supplier relationships have both direct and indirect significant effects on performance; the indirect effect via the effect on information integration and logistics integration.     

Linking product modularity and innovativeness to supply chain management in the Italian furniture industry

Much of the literature on modularity assumes that firms with modular products adopt modular organization. In the realm of supply chain management, no consensus has been reached on the effects of product modularity on supply chains (SC). This paper investigates whether SC choices depend on product modularity and innovativeness, and how SC choices can be aligned to these product features to maximize performance. A medium scale survey has been performed in the Italian furniture industry. By means of factor and cluster analyses, the SC of firms that introduced products with different levels of modularity and innovativeness have been compared. The results show that both product features must be considered when designing the SC.     

钢铁行业上市公司纵向整合与企业绩效关系实证研究——中国钢铁行业集中度下降的一个分析视角

本文以中国钢铁行业上市公司数据为基础,从上市公司纵向整合程度与企业绩效的实证分析入手,分析在纵向整合战略主导下,中国钢铁上市公司企业规模、空间布局与企业绩效的关系。研究发现:钢铁上市公司纵向整合战略提高企业绩效的效果十分明显;在企业纵向整合战略主导下,中国钢铁企业的绩效与产业集中度之间存在负相关关系,而与企业规模无关,企业的空间布局(临近市场、临近资源和临近港口)对企业绩效的影响不显著;纵向整合是钢铁行业上市公司的理性选择,低产业集中度与高行业利润并存是我国钢铁行业在这一发展时期的特征之一。     

Demand chain management-integrating marketing and supply chain management

This paper endorses demand chain management as a new business model aimed at creating value in today's marketplace, and combining the strengths of marketing and supply chain competencies. Demand chain design is based on a thorough market understanding and has to be managed in such a way as to effectively meet differing customer needs. Based on a literature review as well as the findings from a co-development workshop and focus group discussions with marketing and supply chain professionals, a conceptual foundation for demand chain management is proposed. Demand chain management involves (1) managing the integration between demand and supply processes; (2) managing the structure between the integrated processes and customer segments and (3) managing the working relationships between marketing and supply chain management. Propositions for the role of marketing within demand chain management and implications for further research in marketing are derived.     

纵向一体化的选择及其影响因素——基于能源行业的实证分析

文章研究中国能源行业的纵向一体化状况,以能源企业的纵向并购为例运用Logit模型分析了能源企业选择纵向一体化方式时考虑的因素。研究结果表明,策略效应和交易成本对能源企业采用纵向一体化的意愿影响较大,生产成本和不确定性的影响较小。     

Capacity decisions and supply price games under flexibility of backward integration

A key issue in supply chain design for manufacturing firms is how to make a trade-off between strategies of vertical integration and outsourcing. A two-echelon supply chain model with one supplier and one manufacturer is set up to study this issue. The manufacturer makes decisions on two types of capacities, one is core capacity that cannot be outsourced, the other is non-core capacity on which the manufacturer implements a strategy that includes three options—complete, partial or no outsourcing. Such a strategy is referred to as “flexibility of backward integration”. Optimal capacity decisions of the manufacturer are given and the supplier's pricing strategies are discussed. Managerial implications of partial outsourcing are investigated. The impact of the flexibility of backward integration is presented and finally, supply chain coordination is analyzed.     

Innovation and integration in the agri-food industry

We deal with the link between innovation and market structure using the empirical example of the Danish agri-food industry. Vertical integration may resolve hold-up problems and here we test for the importance of vertical integration and networks on innovation. We further examine the effects of network relationships on innovation behaviour. We use data from an extensive survey of 444 Danish firms over two years, 2000 and 2005 to estimate a bootstrapped zero-inflated Poisson regression model. The first and most significant result is that organization matters. Further we find that vertical integration as well as contractual arrangements are significant determinants for firms’ innovation behaviour. The direction of integration is important as well. Also, economies of size seem to play an important role. Similarly, the export orientation of the firm is a significant determinant of innovation whereas the sector the firm is operating in is not significant for its innovation behaviour.