能源价格改革和财政补贴

经济的快速增长需要大量的能源作支撑,为了更好地服务经济,使其健康、快速发展,确保足够的能源供应,能源价格市场化改革迫在眉睫.当前,不断蔓延的世界金融危机,为我国实行能源价格改革提供了难得的机遇和空间,应该抓住有利时机,顺利推进能源资源改革,制定配套的财政补贴政策,保证能源改革不断深化.     

Developmental Rent Management Analysis: Learning,Upgrading, and Innovation

In this article, I construct an original analytical framework, called the developmental rent management analysis (DRMA), for the analysis of rents and rent management. This framework is based on the premise that successful rent management depends on political and institutional arrangements to produce incentives and pressures for technical upgrading and innovation. This is because, while rents are created for a variety of purposes, rent outcomes — whether growth-enhancing or growth-reducing — depend on a set of political, institutional, and market conditions that take place formally and informally. Therefore, the key objective of the DRMA framework is to understand how a country’s politics, institutions, and industries are configured to incentivize and compel industrial upgrading. Thus, DRMA enables a broader and more complex understanding of the various factors at play in the process of development. I provide an illustrative application of the DRMA framework using the Vietnamese experience of adopting third-generation technology in the telecommunications industry.     

低碳经济背景下化石能源补贴改革障碍及中国对策研究

作为构建低碳经济、实现经济和环境可持续发展的必要手段之一,化石能源补贴改革已经被越来越多的国家列入政府的议事日程。但已有的改革经验表明,改革进程中的重重阻力会导致改革无法实施或者彻底进行。为此,本文结合中国自身特有的政治经济环境,基于经济合作与发展组织的压力—状态—响应(pressure-state-response,PSR)模型构建主体、目标、执行(agent-objective-execute,AOE)三层次分析模型,深入阐述中国化石能源补贴改革过程中将要遇到的系列障碍,并为政府顺利实施改革提供具有可操作性的政策建议。     

The political economy of land reform choices in Central and Eastern Europe

In all Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) land reform has been a key part of the overall agrarian reforms and land reform procedures differ significantly among CEECs. This paper, by focusing on distributional effects and political economy implications, explains why thirteen CEEC governments chose particular reform procedures. Key factors in their choices are the history of the land ownership, including the post-collectivization ownership status, length of Communist rule, the ethnicity of pre-collectivization owners, and the equality of pre-collectivization asset distribution. These factors influence the distributional consequences of the land reform, including the (potential) conflicts between efficiency, social equity, and historical justice, and thus the political economy equilibrium.     

China’s regional rebound effect based on modelling multi-regional CGE

Improving energy efficiency has been regarded as an important measure to reduce energy consumption, yet the rebound effect has greatly shrunken the energy saving consequences of this measure. To investigate regional rebound effect in China, a multi-region computed general equilibrium (CGE) model is established in this paper. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the rebound effect in China. The primary energy rebound effects are positive, whereas the production-side power rebounds are below zero in most regions. We also simulated the energy subsidy reform scenarios, which indicates that reducing or even eliminating coal and oil subsidies will increase the production-side rebounds. Finally, feasible policy recommendations are put forward based on the results.     

论政治社会化在“思政课”教学改革中的意义

政治社会化是指人们在特定政治关系中,通过社会政治生活和政治实践获得政治知识和能力,形成或改变自己政治心理和思想的能动过程。从政治社会化定义、内容、类型、媒介、特点、影响因素、功能、目标和途径等方面分析了思政课教学改革的原因和内容,提出了措施。     

对长江上游林业生态工程产业化的思考

过去十年,长江上游地区的林业生态工程建设取得了明显成绩,但也暴露了旧有体制中的问题。近年来,我国经济体制改革进程明显加快,新形势迫使我们必须加大,引入创新机制,使林业生态工程建设走社会化、产业化道路。这是社会主义市场经济体制下和深化林业改革进程中提出的一个新问题。为此,我们必须从多方面进行改革和完善,实行林业生态工程产业经济体制改革,其突破口是优化经济效益的再分配结构和解决好让利于建设者的问题。     

Vested Interests and the Common People in Developing Countries: Understanding Oppressive Societies and Their Effects

The standard economic model of how economies work is that activities are essentially productive. This is not a correct view of reality. The principal difficulty is that there is economic activity that is unproductive and harmful (from the point of view of those being harmed). This is a central feature of the economic organization of these societies, and creates poverty. The first section of the article discusses the concept of harm. The second section describes how societies are run on this basic set of principles: Take and maintain control of the government and other aspects of society, and use the power of government to obtain income. The third section of the article describes how this system harms the common people. Topics include corruption, misappropriation of natural resources, conflict and other harm engendered by the struggle for control, the influence on present society of the past operation of harmful economic systems, and discrimination as well as other “barriers to entry.”     

从"转变经济增长方式"到"转变经济发展方式"的理论思考

把对经济工作考察的视野从经济增长扩大到经济发展,这符合世界经济发展的一般规律.从"转变经济增长方式"到"转变经济发展方式"的提法创新,是党和国家对我国经济发展规律认识进一步深化的一个重要标志,体现了落实科学发展观、实现经济又好又快发展的内在要求."转变经济发展方式"比"转变经济增长方式"内涵更丰富,在思路上应以节能减排为抓手,以结构调整与优化升级为载体,以体制改革与创新为保障,确保转变经济发展方式的各项工作取得新突破、新进展.     

Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?

This paper studies the pattern of allocation of foreign aid from various donors to receiving countries. We find considerable evidence that the direction of foreign aid is dictated as much by political and strategic considerations, as by the economic needs and policy performance of the recipients. Colonial past and political alliances are major determinants of foreign aid. At the margin, however, countries that democratize receive more aid, ceteris paribus. While foreign aid flows respond to political variables, foreign direct investments are more sensitive to economic incentives, particularly good policies and protection of property rights in the receiving countries. We also uncover significant differences in the behavior of different donors.     

Analysis on Energy Development of China

The paper introduces the relationship between energy and economic development first, then, through analyzing the characters of energy consumption all over the world and the basic facts about China＇s energy resources, draws the conclusion that the energy and resources of China are hardly able to meet the national demands, and puts forward the policy orientation for China＇s energy development accordingly. At last, it points out the prospect of China＇s energy industry.     

东亚经济发展的政治因素分析

本文在简介有关东亚国家和地区经济发展原因的几种观点的基础上,分析了东亚国家和地区经济发展的政治因素的作用,主要包括政府与市场、政治稳定、政府权威、政府能力以及政治、经济和文化资源的有效整合等。     

也说腐败发展的库兹涅茨曲线

在经济发展的过程中,腐败现象存在一种倒U型的发展轨迹。制度建设的滞后,一方面导致了有害于社会发展的腐败的盛行,另一方面也使得腐败成为了改革和发展的润滑剂。而到了经济增长成熟的阶段,随着制度建设的完善,腐败会逐渐下降。     

Do Institutions Cause Growth?

We revisit the debate over whether political institutions cause economic growth, or whether, alternatively, growth and human capital accumulation lead to institutional improvement. We find that most indicators of institutional quality used to establish the proposition that institutions cause growth are constructed to be conceptually unsuitable for that purpose. We also find that some of the instrumental variable techniques used in the literature are flawed. Basic OLS results, as well as a variety of additional evidence, suggest that (a) human capital is a more basic source of growth than are the institutions, (b) poor countries get out of poverty through good policies, often pursued by dictators, and (c) subsequently improve their political institutions.