企业所得税改革与产业结构调整

十七届五中全会制定了以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线的"十二五"规划,这条主线的贯彻落实与产业结构调整密切相关。产业是经济系统运行的载体,产业结构等方面的合理化与优化是经济系统顺畅运行的基础。改变过去以投资促进经济增长的粗放型发展方式,建立起以科技创新为主导的集约型发展方式,而科技创新主要靠企业。本文从企业所得税改革的角度,分析税收政策如何影响产业结构调整。首先,本文阐述了我国现阶段产业结构的现状以及企业所得税中有关调整产业结构的税收政策。其次,分别分析了企业所得税政策对东、中、西部地区产业结构调整的影响,并利用宏观数据进行论证说明。最后,对全文进行总结性陈述。充分运用企业所得税改革,支持企业技术升级,以发展战略性新兴产业。继续支持第一产业和第三产业,同时为第二产业的发展提供更加有力的发展环境,促进产业结构优化和升级,保障国民经济健康发展。     

中国金融税制存在的问题和改革建议

在目前的经济实践中,金融领域税收政策的不完善既影响了金融的改革和开发,也对国家的财政收入造成不利影响,改革我国金融业税收政策势在必行.本文主要围绕营业税和企业所得税两大主体税种,探讨了我国金融税制中存在的问题,我国金融税制中存在的这些问题已经影响到了金融企业的积极性和经营效率,金融税制的改革已势在必行.     

浅谈统一企业所得税法的必要性

一、我国企业所得税制度的历史沿革 新中国企业所得税制度起始于1949年的首届全国税务会议,会议通过了包括对企业所得税征税办法在内的统一全国税收政策的基本方案,此后企业所得税制度又经历了1950年、1958年和1973年三次较为重大的调整和改革.     

经济可持续增长与科技税收政策的关联性分析

经济可持续增长对科技税收政策提出了挑战，本文通过对我国高科技税收政策的现状及作用与现行税收政策的局限性的分析，提出了完善我国科技税收政策的思路——对高科技产业率先实行消费型增值税，制定鼓励企业自主开发高新技术的税收政策，尽快统一内外资企业所得税的税收政策。     

新企业所得税年度纳税申报表评介

2006年修订的企业所得税年度纳税申报表体现了税收政策变化的要求,对提高申报质量具有重要意义。为帮助纳税人正确申报企业所得税,本文在对比新旧企业所得税年度纳税申报表的基础上,阐述了新企业所得税年度纳税申报表的总体特点、变化及附表项目的填报问题。     

浅谈以非货币性资产投资的税收及两项经济业务的所得税处理

居民企业以非货币性资产投资不只是涉及到企业所得税,同时还要涉及到其他多个税种。税收政策规定较为复杂,并在不断的变化中,纳税人在执行税收政策时很难系统全面的把握。本文根据国家税务总局新的文件和关于非货币性资产投资文件的沿革精神,对非货币性资产投资应纳的税种进行了明确,同时对非货币性资产投资企业所得税的两项经济业务进行了说明。     

我国企业所得税整合与应对国际税收竞争的策略探析

本文认为,随着经济全球化的发展,资本在国际间的流动日益频繁,各国利用税收手段吸引流动资本的竞争也日益加剧。我国经济整体开放程度的提高将使我国经济日益融入到世界经济体系之中,客观上要求我国的税收政策必须与国际惯例接轨。我国现行的差异性企业所得税税收制度背离了WTO所要求的公平竞争的基本原则。因此,应就如何整合内外资企业所得税制的问题进行探讨和研究,以完善我国企业所得税政策,提高国际竞争力。     

新企业所得税年度纳税申报表评介

2006年修订的企业所得税年度纳税申报表体现了税收政策变化的要求，对提高申报质量具有重要意义。为帮助纳税人正确申报企业所得税，本文在对比新旧企业所得税年度纳税申报表的基础上，阐述了新企业所得税年度纳税申报表的总体特点、变化及附表项目的填报问题。     

房地产开发项目税收政策的若干双重标准

房地产开发项目的土地增值税与企业所得税税前扣除的双重标准．形成了我国税收政策的最大差异,亟待通过揭示和分析,探讨企业所得税和土地增值税收入确认、税前扣除政策趋同的可能性,缩小税收政策差异,降低税务机关征收成本,减少纳税人遵循成本。     

乌鲁木齐市企业所得税税源调查分析

为全面掌握和分析企业所得税税负及税收政策对国家财政收入，企业收益的影响，为内，外资企业所得税“两法合并”和企业所得税政策调整提供科学、准确的依据，完善我国目前的企业所得税税收制度．将产生重要而深远的影响。     

新企业所得税法下的纳税筹划

新企业所得税法对原企业所得税相关政策进行了重大调整,企业应在深入研究和分析新企业所得税各项条款的基础上,进行有效的纳税筹划,从而给企业带来节税效应。     

Tax avoidance and business location in a state border model

Previous studies have struggled to demonstrate that higher taxes deter business activity. We revisit this issue by estimating the effect of changes over time in cross-border differences in state tax conditions on the tendency for new establishments to favor one side of a state border over the other. Identification is enhanced by taking account of previously overlooked reciprocal agreements that require workers to pay income tax to their state of residence as opposed to their state of employment. When reciprocal agreements are in force, higher personal income tax rates lure companies from across the border, while corporate income tax and sales tax rates have the opposite effect. Where reciprocal agreements are not in place, the results are largely reversed. These patterns are amplified in heavily developed locations, and differ in anticipated ways by industry and corporate/non-corporate status of the establishment. Overall, results strengthen the view that state-level tax policies do affect the location decisions of entrepreneurs and new business activity, but not in a way that lends itself to a one-size-fits-all summary.     

马来西亚个人所得税初探

马来西亚是一个中等收入国家，与新加坡、文莱、印尼等东盟国家相似都以直接税为主。个人所得税在设计上充分体现了其社会经济发展的特点，作为一个外向型国家，马来西亚通过低税率、宽优惠的方式吸引外资和人才。     

“孰低法”在企业所得税纳税调整中的应用

成本与市价孰低法是会计学上对存货和短期投资计价的方法。在税收方面,为了加强对所得税税前列支项目的控制,我国税法在企业所得税和个人所得税应纳税额的计算过程中设计了许多绝对金额与相对比率控制相结合的方法,要求将某些税前扣除项目的实际发生总额与按规定比例计算的最高列支限额相比较,然后选择两者中数值较低者进行扣除。论文将有关规定进行了归纳整理,称为金额与比例孰低法。     

高校财会档案中凭证的实用价值

高校财会档案是学校经济活动记录的凭证和依据,不仅可以提供决策支持,也可以提供处理问题的凭证,具有一定的实用价值。财会档案是记录和反映行政、企事业单位各项经济业务活动的重要史料和原始凭证;是详细记录学校经济业务、明确经济责任按一定格式编制的数据以登记会计账簿的书面证明;是会计做账、核算的基础,是登记账簿的客观依据,在法律上具有证据作用,并在发挥会计的作用中具有重要的意义。本文对高校财会档案的特性和实用价值进行了研究,分析高校财会档案管理工作。     

Tax smoothing in a business cycle model with capital-skill complementarity

This paper undertakes a normative investigation of the quantitative properties of optimal tax smoothing in a business cycle model with state contingent debt, capital-skill complementarity and endogenous skill acquisition under technology and public expenditure shocks. We find that skilled and unskilled labour tax smoothing maintain quantitatively under externalities and exogenous shocks in skill acquisition, as well as when the relative skill supply is exogenously determined. We further find that the government finds it optimal to reduce both the size of the wedge between the marginal rates of substitution and transformation in skill attainment in the long-run and the standard deviation of this wedge over the business cycle. This is achieved by subsidising skill creation and taxing both types of labour income.     

Experiencing Change in German Controlling – Management Accounting in a Globalized World

Abstract

In this study, I consider the effects of tax risk from tax volatility on the pricing of syndicated debt. Tax volatility is an interesting feature in that managers have some discretion over the risks they take with their tax strategies, which, however, are often harder to monitor for outsiders than risks related to other business activities. Framing my predictions based on the theoretical model developed by Merton [1974], I hypothesize and find that tax volatility is incrementally informative to other priced risks suggesting that tax risks per se are relevant to lenders. Moreover, I find that the results are stronger when the loan contract does not include performance pricing provisions or other restrictions, such as capital expenditure covenants, that protect lenders. This evidence adds to knowledge about the real effects of tax risk.     

Is Improving Access to University Enough? Socio‐Economic Gaps in the Earnings of English Graduates

Much research and policy attention has been on socio‐economic gaps in participation at university, but less attention has been paid to socio‐economic gaps in graduates’ earnings. This paper addresses this shortfall using tax and student loan administrative data to investigate the variation in earnings of English graduates by socio‐economic background. We find that graduates from higher income families (with median income of around 77,000) have average earnings which are 20% higher than those from lower income families (with median income of around £26,000). Once we condition on institution and subject choices, this premium roughly halves, to around 10%. The premium grows with age and is larger for men, in particular for men at the most selective universities. We estimate the extent to which different institutions and subjects appear to deliver good earnings for relatively less well off students, highlighting the strong performance of medicine, economics, law, business, engineering, technology and computer science, as well as the prominent London‐based universities.     

Inflation-related tax distortions in business valuation models: A clarification

The current corporate income tax (CIT) expense occupies just one line item on the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. However, it is a unique line item following tax rules and not financial reporting rules. The difference between these rules is that it reflects the effective tax rate (ETR), which can differ from the statutory tax rate (STR). With inflation, this ETR-STR difference can be more significant due to the contribution of tax distortions. In this study, we expand on the standard formulas for the ETR by analyzing the effects of inflation-related tax distortions when computed under the following four cases: (i) Historical-cost-based accounting under a nominal tax basis, (ii) Fair-value-based accounting under a nominal tax basis, (iii) Historical-cost-based accounting under a real tax basis, and (iv) Fair-value-based accounting under a real tax basis. Further, we suggest a modified model for business valuation considering these tax distortions and provide a general formula to independently calculate the value of inflation-related tax distortions.     

税收累进性测度的改进：方法、比较和应用

提出判断税收累进性的边际效应方法：当总收入基尼系数的税收边际效应大于0时,该税收具有累进性特征;并将税收边际效应作为测度指数。边际效应指数与K指数具有完全相同的符号,不同税种具有可加性,它比K指数更为稳健,且赋予了税收累进性新的经济含义：税收对总收入基尼系数贡献率大于平均税率。同时还着重讨论几种测度税收累进性指数的关系,对各种测度指数进行了实证,发现S指数存在一定程度的缺陷。