中国外资工业企业全要素生产率的增长特征及其空间差异——基于2001-2007年省域面板数据的随机前沿分析

本文基于随机前沿分析方法对中国省域外资工业企业在2001-2007年期间的面板数据进行了模型估计及假设检验,并据此对中国外资工业企业全要素生产率增长进行了实证测算和具体分析。研究发现,样本期间内中国外资工业企业的全要素生产率始终呈现出快速增长的态势,其中技术进步是全要素生产率增长的最重要因素;全国及四大经济板块外资工业企业的全要素生产率增长率总体上均呈现出跌宕起伏的波动变化趋势,且各区域间外资工业企业全要素生产率增长具有明显的＂马太效应＂特征。     

我国上市软件公司全要素生产率实证研究

全要素生产率是近年来研究的热点,它是反映一个国家、地区产业内生增长的一个重要指标。软件产业与一般的产业有很大不同,软件技术本身就是替代脑力劳动为主的一门信息技术,因此研究软件产业的内生增长需要重点考虑人力因素。本文着重从全要素生产率的角度,运用非参数估计方法对于我国软件产业的10个上市公司进行考察。同时通过对软件行业近10年的全要素生产率变化变动情况,以及通过人力资本模型在总量增长模式两个方面进行详细分析与描述。有针对性地提出相关对策建议,这对于政府制定软件产业发展政策、合理配置人力资本资源有重要意义。本文研究思路基本如下：首先是对国内外关于全要素生产率估计方法以及有关人力资本的重要相关文献的简要回顾;在此基础上,提出本文的理论基础以及实证方法;然后着重从人力资本的数据选取上作出分析和判断;并且对于全要素生产率和人力资本方法的实证结果作出基本的描述和初步解释;最后是对文章的结论和政策涵义作出简要总结。     

Potential output growth in several industrialised countries a comparison

In this paper, we present international comparisons of potential output growth among several economies—Canada, the euro area, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States—for the period 1991–2004, for which we construct consistent and homogenous capital stock series. The main estimates rely on a structural approach where output of the whole economy is described by a Cobb–Douglas function and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is estimated allowing for possible breaks in the deterministic trend. The results confirm that over the considered period the potential gross domestic product growth has been faster in the United States than in other studied countries, reflecting a combination of higher labour contribution and faster TFP growth. Overall, this paper might help to shed some light on cross-country differences in economic performance over the recent period.     

TFP growth and its determinants: a model averaging approach

Total Factor Productivity (TFP) accounts for a sizable proportion of the income differences across countries. Two challenges remain to researchers aiming to explain these differences: on the one hand, TFP growth is hard to measure empirically; on the other hand, model uncertainty hampers consensus on its key determinants. This paper combines a non-parametric measure of TFP growth with Bayesian model averaging techniques in order to address both issues. Our empirical findings suggest that the most robust TFP growth determinants are time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity and trade openness. We also investigate the main determinants of two TFP components: efficiency change (i.e., catching up) and technological progress.     

What is the long run growth rate of the East Asian Tigers?

New panel data estimates for the four East Asian Tigers show that the contribution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) to growth is much higher than past estimates. An extended production function with learning by doing implies that TFP is about 3.5% and these countries will grow at this rate in the long-run.     

Regulations and productivity: Long run effects and nonlinear influences

This study examines the impact of product market regulations on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and explores whether regulatory reforms exert a nonlinear influence on TFP growth. It also distinguishes between short run and long run effects of regulation. The obtained empirical evidence reveals that lower regulations in the long run exert a significantly positive effect on TFP of OECD countries. Short run effects of regulation are not always statistically significant. The influence of regulatory changes is higher in countries with high levels of regulation. Also, the damaging effects of regulation are more intense in countries with low technology gaps. These results hold across a wide array of econometric specifications and variables that measure regulation and TFP.     

出口贸易、FDI与中国农产品加工业全要素生产率——基于行业面板数据的实证分析

通过利用中国农产品加工业12个子行业的面板数据,首先运用DEA的Malmquist方法测算了中国农产品加工业全要素生产率及其分解,之后重点考察了包括出口贸易和外商直接投资在内的各因素对全要素生产率的影响。研究结果发现:在2001-2011年期间,中国农产品加工业全要素生产率整体处于上升趋势,支持了中国农产品加工业全要素生产率平均增长率上升的动力主要来自于技术进步;出口贸易的发展对农产品加工业全要素生产率和技术效率的提高作用并不明显;外商直接投资所带来的技术溢出对于提高中国农产品加工业的全要素生产率有较好的促进作用。根据研究结论,文章得到的政策启示是:提升农产品加工业出口贸易对全要素生产率的正向作用;强化外商直接投资所带来的技术溢出效应;提高农产品加工业人力资本水平;改善农产品加工业RD投入结构和市场环境;改进农产品加工业的规模经济效应。     

On the effect of R&D in returns to experience

Using a recent macroeconomic database, we empirically estimate an ‘erosion effect’: we show that Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth decreases returns to experience. The ‘erosion effect’ is typically stronger within the rich and the most experienced countries in the world. This article complements the scarce microeconomic literature on the issue and the theoretical macroeconomic literature recently coming to the conclusion that this effect has important implications for the interaction between human capital accumulation and TFP.     

地方化经济与海岸带城市发展——基于DEA与GMM估计的实证检验

结合Malmquist指数与数据包络分析方法,利用1990-2007年城市统计数据,对我国50个海岸带城市的全要素生产率进行测量的结果表明,我国主要海岸带城市的全要素生产率并不平稳,海岸带城市快速的经济增长并不表现为技术效率的变动。在此基础上,利用测算得到的海岸带城市的全要素生产率TFP及其分解,作为劳动生产率的代理变量,采用广义矩估计方法,考察城市化经济、地方化经济与劳动生产率对海岸带城市产出的影响。研究表明,海岸带城市化经济对地区经济增长具有接近1.7%的带动,地方化经济对地区经济增长的带动则达到了30%,说明产业专业化和产业多样化所形成的经济组织地方集聚的经济效应非常巨大,而劳动生产率对海岸带城市产出的影响不显著。     

中国绿茶生产效率的实证研究

本文基于1999—2006年中国6个绿茶主产省投入产出的面板数据,采用数据包络分析法,对中国绿茶生产效率的变化进行实证分析。结果表明:1999—2006年中国绿茶生产的全要素生产率整体呈上升趋势,年均增长11.2%,其主要推动力是技术进步,技术效率低下阻碍全要素生产率的提升。目前我国绿茶生产还存在直接费用和间接费用投入过多的问题,且一些茶区还处于规模报酬递增阶段,需要进一步扩大生产规模。在此研究基础上,本文提出相应的政策建议。