中国存款保险立法研究

随着金融业竞争的加剧,在我国建立存款保险制度势在必行.在我国建立存款保险制度的基础和法律保证是制定与颁行存款保险法律.应参照国外<存款保险法>,以<中国人民银行法>和<商业银行法>为基础,制定<中华人民共和国存款保险法>,以便依法建立我国的存款保险制度.     

论保险合同中保险人的如实告知义务

保险合同双方当事人因订立合同而依法承担的告知义务，是最大诚信原则在保险合同订立过程中的重要运用和根：本体现。所谓告知义务，是指保险合同的一方当事人在签订保险合同当时或以前向另一方当事人所做出的口头或书面的陈述，是保险法的重要内容。告知义务是法定义务而非合同义务，是保险法依据最大诚信原则对双方当事人在订立合同阶段的直接要求。无论保险合同中有无这项约定，当事人都必须依法履行该项义务。     

保险人说明义务正当性之探讨

保险人的说明义务是指在合同订立过程中保险人就有关保险合同条款内容向投保人进行提示与说明的义务。保险人的说明义务是一种法定义务。我国《保险法》第17条规定：“订立保险合同时,保险人应当向投保人说明保险合同的条款内容。”该义务的目的在于保证投保人能够就交易的内容作充分的了解。     

保险人说明义务之解构与体系化回归

作为我国《保险法》上“创新之举”的保险人说明义务因对保险人的过度要求而屡受诟病,其理论基础最大诚信原则及当事人合意理论并不足以为制度合理性背书,实践中说明义务的形式化使《保险法》第17条成为否认保险合同格式条款效力的“杀手锏”。为理清保险人说明义务的功能并明确其定位,采用体系化分析方法,从关系契约角度提供了一个崭新的分析视角,依普通买卖合同——消费者合同——保险合同——金融合同的路径,缔约一方信息提供义务呈增强趋势。保险人说明义务应回归格式条款纳入合同规则之本源,作为程序性规则通过程序正义保障实质正义,其原本负担的实质判断功能应建立在内容控制规则的完善上。     

司法解释保险免责条款坚守文意为本原则——以某寿险公司驾驶员意外保险免责条款争议为例证

保险条款是保险合同当事人约定权利与义务的通用载体。保险人在各种保险产品设定的保险条款中,不仅会列明保险责任范围,而且为了避免风险的无限扩大,还会通过制订责任免除方面的内容去限定保险责任范围。保险责任免除的内容,作为格式合同的重要组成部分,是由保险公司单方面事先制作的,保险相对人对其了解的深度远不及保险人,双方之间必然会产生严重的信息不对称。为了平衡合同双方权益,尽力实现相对公平,《保险法》不仅对免责条款的提示与说明义务作了严格规定(详见《保险法》第十七条),而且对格式条款的无效情形也作了明确规定(详见《保险法》第十九条)。     

论不可抗辩条款下承保风险的控制

不可抗辩条款是指保险法规定或保险合同约定的，在保险合同成立或生效满一定时期（一般为2年）后，保险合同就不再具有争议性，保险人不得以投保人误告、漏告等理由拒绝赔付或解除合同的条款。《保险法》（2009年版）引入不可抗辩条款，使得保险人不能再以相对人未尽如实告知义务为由随意解除合同，     

浅析新保险法中最大诚信原则的修订与完善

保险最大诚信原则的法律内涵 最大诚信原则作为保险活动的中最为重要的“基本规范”,保险合同的当事人和关系人都受其约束:对投保人的约束主要体现为告知和保证义务;而对保险人的约束体现为弃权和禁止反言义务.可见,最大诚信原则的内涵是通过保险合同双方当事人应承担的诚信义务来体现的,其主要包括告知、保证、说明、弃权与禁止反言四种形式.     

案例——提高保险合同可读性的有效途径

保险合同是保险关系当事人之间签订的,以规定双方权利和义务关系为主要内容的,具有法律约束力的协议。保险合同订立的过程就是通过保险合同语言将保险人提供的保险产品信息传递给投保人,在此基础上实现公平交易。这种“传递”对合同双方权利和义务的界定是至关重要的。然而由于     

怠延缴纳保险费的法律责任

在保险实务操作中，我们经常会遇到这样的情况，有的投保人与保险人签订了保险合同，因种种原因却未能及时缴纳保险费，直至超过了规定的期限，使保险合同失效。还有的投保人与保险人签订保险合同后，在怠延缴纳保险费期间，却发生了保险事故，要求保险人给予赔偿或给付，从而引起法律诉讼。按照我国新修订的《保险法》的有关规定，缴纳保险费是投保人的一项基本法律义务，它涉及到投保人和保险人的切身经济利益。因此，有必要对怠延缴纳保险费应负的法律责任进行深入、系统的法律分析，这对于维护保险合同双方当事人的合法权益有着重要意义。     

关于寿险投保人变更的相关法律问题的研究

《中华人民共和国保险法》(以下简称《保险法》)规定:“投保人是指与保险人订立保险合同,并按照保险合同负有支付保险费义务的人。”此外,投保人还享有持有、解除保险保同,了解、申请变更保险合同内容,申请恢复保险合同效力,申请保单质押贷款等权利;并承担如实告知、阅读条款、     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.