市场(潜力)获得与边界效应——区际一体化程度的实证

基于Krugman（1991）的“中心-外围”模型，本文给出了“三区域模型”的思路，并作出了相应的边界效应假说，通过MP函数对我国不同区域层面的经济活动变量（工业增加值和工资率）进行回归。研究发现，市场获得成为影响地区经济差异的显著变量，我国不同年份的回归显示经济活动的重要变量（如工业增加值和工资率）与地理空间上的市场获得呈正相关；就市场获得的逐年增加来看，收入成为主要的解释因素，而边界壁垒减少对市场获得的贡献次之，甚至部分时期成其阻碍因素，如1985-1995年期间，全国范围的“边界效应”（市场获得的阻力因素）较为明显，其中内地区域又明显高于沿海区域；而1995-2005年期间，内地与沿海区域均出现边界壁垒减少的市场获得增加效应。总体显示，1995年以来，我国区域一体化进程呈加速的趋势。     

推动长三角地区泛化发展

随着长三角地区的持续泛化发展，长三角核心区与外围区的空间互动趋势将进一步强化，形成核心区与外围区之间的多点互动格局     

核心区与外围区协调发展对天津滨海新区的启示

核心区和外围的关系问题一直是关注区域经济及其协调发展的学者研究的主要内容,最新兴起的空间经济学为解释经济活动的空间分布规律和空间集聚现象的原因与形成机制提供了有利的工具,本文主要从空间要素流动和经济增长的关系角度,利用空间经济学理论,探讨了由需求关联和成本关联的聚集力和拥挤效应的分散力共同作用导致形成核心区和外围区的过程及其作用机制,并在此基础上分析了发展核心区经济的同时,促进核心区对外围区经济带动作用的途径。最后给出了促进天津滨海新区及其外围区经济发展的政策建议。     

中国反垄断规制的收入分配效应研究

反垄断规制是促进市场公平竞争和提升经济运行效率的重要手段，可以有效改善市场的收入分配状况。本文构建垄断理论模型，引入权力垄断假定和政府规制，通过理论推导和数值模拟发现：高市场势力企业的平均员工工资高于低市场势力企业，反垄断规制能降低行业的垄断程度，提升低市场势力企业的生产率、利润率和工资水平，缩小高低市场势力企业间生产率、盈利及工资的差距，并且反垄断规制对垄断行业企业间工资差距的缩小作用更大。基于2008年中国实施《反垄断法》这一准自然实验，我们进一步使用双重差分因果识别方法研究发现：反垄断规制显著缩小了行业内企业间的工资差距，且对非自然垄断行业、东部地区、民营企业及重点受规制行业样本组的影响更显著。此外，反垄断规制通过降低行业内企业间生产率和盈利差距，进而减小行业内企业间的工资差距。本研究为市场化改革背景下的反垄断规制如何促进收入合理分配提供了有益参考。     

空间异质、空间依赖与我国地区工资变动

在新经济地理学的OTT分析框架下,本文采用同时具有新经济地理学的DCI与OTT分析框架特征的效用函数,发展了多地区的空间工资结构方程,研究结果显示地区工资的变动,跟本地劳动生产率、消费者的偏好多样化、工业品支出份额、消费品价格指数、市场潜力有关,也跟企业的资本收益、地区间的市场开放度有关.实证分析显示我国地区工资的整体空间相关性变动不大,而在局部相关性上,我国地区工资则表现为“高高”与“低低”聚集的空间分布趋势,空间分异特征明显,虽然地区工资差距有不断缩小的趋势.劳动生产率、工业品支出份额、市场潜力的变动与我国地区工资的变动存在显著的正相关关系,空间相关性对我国地区工资的影响也很显著,而其它因素的影响效果不显著.     

国际贸易对性别工资差距的影响:基于CHFS数据的研究

文章构建了国际贸易影响分技能劳动力性别工资差距的理论模型,并运用2011年中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS)进行均值回归和分位数回归。实证研究结果显示:就总体性别工资差距而言,国际贸易虽扩大了性别工资差距,但对分技能性别工资差距的影响存在差异,贸易对低技能劳动力的性别工资差距有缩小作用,对高技能劳动力的性别工资差距有扩大作用;就不同地区性别工资差距而言,国际贸易提高了沿海地区的工资水平,并有助于缓解该地区的性别工资差距,但对内陆地区工资水平的提高有不利影响;就分技能的分位数性别工资差距而言,在工资分布的不同位置上,国际贸易总是在扩大高技能劳动力的性别工资差距,同时国际贸易有缩小工资分布中的中低端低技能劳动力性别工资差距的作用,这大致印证了上述均值回归的结果。基于以上结论,在贸易促使竞争加剧的背景下,即便高技能女性有时也难以从贸易中获得和男性均等的利益,虽然改善女性的个体特征(如受教育程度)有助于缓解性别工资差距的问题,但只有政府加强对劳动力市场的监管、完善社保制度,才能为解决性别工资差距建立更有效的制度保障。     

市场获得与区域发展差距:来自中国城市经济的实证

由市场规模演化而来的市场获得(market access)是新经济地理学从需求角度解释空间经济差异的核心变量。本文在计算我国主要城市市场获得的基础上,考察了城市尤其是区域中心城市的市场获得与工资、人均产出等经济发展指标的关系。在控制了人力资本、市场化水平等因素后,研究结果表明,市场获得是我国区域间城市经济发展差距的重要原因,在区域中心城市层面显得尤为突出;进一步的研究显示,区域中心城市的开放程度与同区域其他城市的一体化对区域中心城市的市场获得存在正向促进作用,这间接地影响着区域城市经济的发展差距。     

中国制造业工资的地区趋同性与劳动力市场一体化

本文利用 1 995～ 2 0 0 2年中国制造业分细行业的分省时间序列资料 ,考察了地区间工资的趋同性。由于分细行业的资料可以更好地控制工资的行业差异 ,因而本研究能够准确地观察工资在地区间的趋同与差异。本文的研究表明 ,中国的改革促进了地区间劳动力市场一体化的形成。     

市场获得、壁垒与外资企业分布——新经济地理解释

本文利用28个省份8个行业的2000-2007年样本数据,实证考察了外资企业进入国内市场区域分布的影响因素.主要结果表明,传统变量如地区工资率和自然运输成本成为外资进入受到制约的基本因素,而新经济地理因素的中间品市场获得和产品市场获得,则成为外资进入的显著影响因素,宏观经济环境和政策因素也不容忽视,尤其是"国民待遇"的公平性部分抑制了外资进入的积极性.最后,文章考察发现,外资进入国内市场具有省份壁垒和行业壁垒的双重特征.     

高铁对核心与边缘地区旅游经济的效应研究——基于南广与贵广高铁开通的准自然实验

交通基础设施升级是区域经济协调发展的纽带。以连通国内东部发达地区(“核心”)与西部欠发达地区(“边缘”)的南广与贵广高铁开通为准自然实验,首先,分析高铁开通前后广东、广西以及贵州3省(区)旅游经济分布格局的演化,发现高铁开通后国内旅游经济的重心逐渐由核心区向边缘区移动,但国际旅游经济的空间格局并无显著变化。其次,稳健性和异质性分析结果表明,高铁对边缘区国内旅游经济的促进作用明显,对核心区具有一定的扩散效应。据此,建议依托高铁构建旅游大市场和经济带,深化核心-边缘区际旅游产业差异化分工与互补合作新格局。核心区应侧重国际游客市场及国内购物市场的开发,打造世界级旅游消费中心,发展旅游新业态,并通过高铁带动与边缘区的旅游产业合作;边缘区则应在高铁带来的客流增量效应的基础上,完善旅游基础设施,打造特色旅游品牌,推进本地旅游产业升级。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

中俄经济技术合作面临新机遇

中俄在十年内把各自的GDP翻一番的目标,为发展中俄经济技术合作提供了机遇.仅仅依靠商品贸易的增长很难大幅度提升中俄经贸关系,需要全面开展经济技术合作,特别是加强在自然资源开发、跨国投资、军工技术和产品贸易领域的合作.     

INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY IN INDONESIA, 1965–2015: A SURVEY

This survey, first, provides an overview of the main developments in the infrastructure sector in Indonesia during the past five decades and, second, considers what the main policy and management bottlenecks in infrastructure appear to be. The overview of main developments indicates that, in broad terms, most parts of the sector have expanded considerably but that the needs remain acute for further expansion and for attention to the maintenance of existing facilities. Demand for infrastructure is high, especially since the regulated prices set for infrastructure services are often low. Access is often difficult, however, because of shortages of infrastructure, and quality is often unsatisfactory because of poor maintenance and indifferent management. These problems of access are exacerbated by the regulation of prices. This overview also points to the markedly different performances of industries in which pro-competitive policies have been applied and those in which more traditional policies of close regulation have restricted the operation of markets.