信息化水平对中国工业技术创新能力影响研究——基于价值链视角下的两阶段分析

基于价值链的视角,将中国工业的技术创新过程划分为技术开发和技术转化两个阶段,并运用2005-2011年中国工业37个细分行业的面板数据实证检验了信息化水平等因素对各阶段技术创新能力的影响。研究发现：从价值链视角来看,信息化水平显著促进了中国工业技术开发能力和技术转化能力,尤其对后者的影响更为明显;相比技术开发能力。企业规模和市场化水平对中国工业技术转化能力的正向影响更加显著;进入壁垒和FDI仅对中国工业技术转化能力有显著影响,行业进入壁垒越高越利于技术转化能力的提高,而FDI并不是引进的越多就越有利于技术转化能力的改善。最后,提出了提升中国工业技术创新能力的政策建议。     

环境规制、产品空间演化与企业导向性技术创新——基于上市公司制造业企业的证据

基于实证产业组织和演化经济地理研究范式,本文构建了环境规制内生影响企业导向性技术创新的理论与实证研究框架,利用我国上市公司的制造业企业数据,创新性地基于非线性工具变量的控制函数方法,实证分析了污染费征收对于上市公司绿色技术创新绩效的影响效应及其潜在作用机制。研究结论表明,精准的环境规制政策激励了企业绿色技术创新,企业产品相关性与城市产品相关性是影响企业导向性技术创新的关键因素,产业间的前向与后向联系进一步强化了环境规制的激励创新效应,并且不同城市的企业效应存在显著差异。在潜在作用机制方面,环境规制通过内生影响企业TFP、企业的行业技术赶超、优化行业资源配置等渠道显著影响了企业导向性绿色技术创新。本文认为,导向型环境规制与城市产品空间演化是引致我国上市公司绿色技术创新的主要原因。     

环境规制、金融发展与企业技术创新

文章利用中国A股制造业上市公司2008年到2017年的数据,运用面板固定效应模型,实证分析了环境规制对企业技术创新的影响,并探讨了金融发展在其中所起到的重要作用。研究表明:环境规制与企业技术创新之间呈现非线性的倒U型关系,而金融发展并没有对企业技术创新起到正向促进作用。调节效应方面,金融发展正向调节了环境规制对企业技术创新的影响。文章还进行了调节效应的机制检验和企业性质异质性分析。在此基础上,文章提出把握环境规制强度、完善企业技术创新融资机制体制等政策建议。     

环境规制对南通市制造业绿色技术创新能力的影响效应

基于南通区县数据和面板模型,实证检验环境规制对南通市制造业绿色技术创新能力的影响效应。结果显示：南通市各地区间制造业绿色技术创新能力呈现阶梯式分布,地区间差距逐渐缩小;强化环境规制对制造业绿色技术创新能力具有显著正向效应;经济发展水平、人力资本等变量对制造业绿色技术创新能力有着不同程度的促进作用,外商直接投资表现为抑制作用,财政分权未能通过显著性检验。据此,从环境规制监管体系、联动式环境规制网络、差异化环境规制政策等方面提出针对性建议。     

环境规制如何影响货物贸易的出口商品结构

从环境规制是否影响了货物贸易出口商品结构这一问题出发,文章利用2001-2014年中国30个省市的面板数据,采用系统GMM估计方法,实证分析了不同类型环境规制对我国货物贸易出口商品结构的影响。研究表明：（1）费用型环境规制与出口商品结构间存在"U"型非线性关系,投资型环境规制与出口商品结构间存在倒"U"型非线性关系;（2）投资型环境规制之于出口商品结构的滞后效应较费用型环境规制更强;（3）在影响途径上,投资型环境规制更偏好促进技术创新,费用型环境规制则主要影响环保成本;（4）两种类型环境规制对于东部和中西部出口商品结构的影响强度有所不同。加强环境规制对我国货物贸易出口商品结构优化的促进作用,应重点从以下着手：考虑不同类型环境规制对出口商品结构影响的特点制定恰当的规制水平;根据不同类型环境规制的优劣势组合使用环境规制工具;加强环境规制与企业技术创新间的紧密联系;选择与区域产业分布特征相适宜的环境规制工具。     

城市差异下环境规制对能源配置效率的影响研究

基于江苏2004—2021年地级市数据,以省内苏南地区率先推进区域碳排放权交易为准自然实验,采用双重差分方法进行因果识别,将苏南城市作为实验组,其余城市作为控制组,通过实验组与控制组的对比来评估环境规制政策对能源配置效率的影响。研究表明,环境规制政策对能源配置效率具有负向效应,即环境规制越为严格,企业内化成本越高,进而致使能源配置效率呈现下降态势。但长期而言,将会倒逼企业进行技术创新、资源优化配置等。内在机制分析发现,地方政府环境规制执行力越强对能源配置效率的负向效应越为明显。研究认为,区域差异化环境规制政策是把“双刃剑”,仅依赖环境规制政策或许无法根除能源错配问题,应持续推动能源市场深化改革。     

中国工业企业环境技术创新的影响因素研究

环境技术创新是提高企业环境绩效的必由之路,对于改善我国生态环境意义重大.文章采用中国三十个省(市)自治区的工业企业2008—2014年的面板数据,通过建立面板数据模型探讨企业技术投入、市场因素、环境政策等因素对于环境技术创新的影响.结果显示,企业的人力资本投入对于环境技术创新促进作用最大,企业的资金投入、技术转让和环境规制也对环境技术创新有促进作用.     

行业异质性视角下环境规制的出口效应研究

本文基于我国2004-2012年27个工业行业面板数据,分析了环境规制与我国出口贸易关系,并从环境污染程度以及研发水平两个维度,探讨了环境规制对我国不同行业出口的影响差异.结果表明,环境政策在一定程度上抑制了我国外贸出口,但影响不大,我国工业行业出口优势更多来自规模经济、企业成本和能力;环境规制的出口影响具有明显的行业异质性,对高污染、低研发水平行业出口具有负向效应,对低污染、高研发水平行业出口具有正向效应.政府应对不同行业制定弹性环境政策,鼓励企业从事研发创新活动.     

企业绿色技术创新发凡:环境规制与政策组合

设计科学合理的环境规制与创新政策组合,引导和激发企业进行绿色技术创新与扩散,是绿色发展转型能否成功的关键。市场导向型规制提供给企业更多创新空间,比命令控制型规制诱发更多绿色创新。不同类型规制政策在灵活性、稳定性以及严格程度上表现不同,将影响政策对绿色创新诱发的概率。     

环境规制对我国省级产业结构优化的影响效应研究

环境规制是解决经济可持续增长和环境恶化两难困境的重要工具,环境规制在保护环境的同时能否促进产业结构的升级,是政策制定者重点关注的问题。运用非线性模型和门槛回归模型分析了环境规制对产业结构优化的非线性影响及其影响机制,并探讨环境规制影响产业结构优化的门槛效应。研究发现,环境规制对产业结构优化存在U 型影响,并且这种影响效应在东部和西部地区显著。环境规制能够通过提高技术创新水平和扩大国际贸易规模加快发挥对产业结构优化的积极影响。门槛检验结果发现,存在环境规制的双重门槛效应,随着环境规制强度的提高,环境规制对产业结构优化的影响效应由抑制转为促进,又转为抑制作用。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.