美国大力发展集装箱关合运输的经验

中国和美国集装箱运输起步的时间大致相同，经过几十年的发展，美国的集装箱运输已经进入到综合物流时期。美国的多式联运经营人构建了体系完整的运输网络，“门到门”地将原材料和产成品运往世界各地。     

道路运输站场投融资体制建设研究

道路运输站场道路运输网络中旅客或货物集散、中转的节点。它不仅是道路运输网络系统中重要的组成部分,也是道路运输发展的重要基础设施。结合当前道路运输站场的投资和融资汇总的问题,探索新形势下的道路运输站场建设投资体制是迫切需要的。研究道路运输站场建设中政府投资如何运作管理、如何发挥其最大的效率和效益,如何实现政府投资的支撑、引导、保障作用,已经成了我们函待研究的问题。     

100座级支线飞机发展展望

一、支线运输发展概况 1 世界支线运输发展概况。90年代后期开始，特别是9-11以后，航空运输市场发生了巨大的变化，一方面许多大航空公司运力过剩，大量的大型干线飞机停飞；另一方面现有运输网络越来越不能满足全球经济和旅游活动的需求，急需增加大量的点到点“瘦长”航线，而适应这类航线的最合适的飞机显然不是大型的干线飞机，而是103座级左右的中小型飞机。     

集装箱铁水联运工作阶段息结会在连云港召开

2012年12月15日,交通运输部和铁道部在连云港市召开集装箱铁水联运工作阶段总结会。会议决定,继续在两部确定的合作机制框架下,在运输网络建设、体制机制创新、信息化、服务功能完善、服务质量提高等方面继续努力,加快推进。交通运输部副部长徐祖远、铁道部副部长胡亚东、江苏省副省长史和平出席会议并讲话。     

俄罗斯内河运输发展投资大幅增长88％

据商务港口公司的调研数据，目前欧盟许多国家致力于提高货物和商品运送物流链的效率。更有效的物流链被认为是减少各运输环节的现金开支，减少货物运输途中的时间，以及通过降低向大气中排放有害废气来改善世界生态环境。运输链中的水运整合是解决提高效率的基本方案之一。欧洲内河港口联合会相信，发展内河港口是内河水路纳八供应运输网络的最重要任务。     

建筑业对香港经济的贡献

香港从一个仅有５７００人的小渔村发展到今天，已经有６７０万人口，本地人均生产总值已高达２４７００美元，跻身世界前列，成为世界上经济发达的大城市。香港不仅有世界上首屈一指的公共交通运输网络，更以其众多的宏伟建筑而驰名于世。香港的建筑业在其经济发展中起着...     

马克思：市场路径下技术进步的机理与实现机制

马克思《资本论》第一、三卷中，在揭示资本主义剩余价值规律及其外化形式的同时，也揭示了资本主义市场经济条件下技术进步的内在机理和实现机制。他认为，市场路径下技术进步是在“技术和生产方法创新－－应用－－推广－－再创新……”链不断运行的过程中实现，即个别资本家在超额利润的内在动力和竞争压力驱使下运用新技术和新方法；在竞争的强制规律作用下，新技术和新方法推广至全社会；在平均利润机制作用下个别资本家的超额利     

约束管理者：论管理者更迭机制

在“两权分离”的制度框架下，公司治理的重要性日益突出，对管理者进行约束也日益受到社会的关注。定时得更迭机制作为对企业“代理人”的约束和控制机制，是公司治理机制的重要组成部分。我国目前在任用管理者方面仍然存在着许多问题，选择管理者最根本最有效的办法－－市场化。     

网络经济的特征及其发展方略

当今世界科技发展日新月异，互联网络的发展令人瞩目，网络技术正迅速地改变着传统国际经济的内容，方式和组织机制，逐渐形成了一种新的经济形式－网络经济。本文论述了网络的主要特征，提出了在我国发展网络经济的途径以及相关模式。     

发展“三农快客” 服务城乡群为——渭南市运管处创新农村客运工作侧记

“三农快客”是陕西省渭南市运管处在新形势下进一步加强公共交通服务，服务广大农民群众安全便捷出行，构建现代道路运输网络，推进城乡交通一体化的一个有益尝试。这项工作在白水县开展以来，受到了广大城乡群众的欢迎，特别是最大限度地满足和解决了偏远山区农民群众出行难的问题，成为农村群众出行的首选和致富的好帮手。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.