论对外贸易在中国经济增长中的地位和作用

建国特别是改革开放以来，中国对外贸易发展取得了巨大成就。通过对中国对外贸易发展与国民经济增长的相关性进行分析，证明对外贸易极大地促进了我国经济增长。对外贸易是经济增长的发动机，在我国经济增长中具有重要的地位和作用，我们应加强对外贸易的发展。     

金融发展对我国对外贸易的作用机理和传导途径探究

在全球经济迅速发展的宏观背景下,我国对外贸易工作的落实和国际金融发展日渐受到社会各领域的高度关注,而随着我国对外贸易的深入开展,金融发展更多的影响到了对外贸易领域,因此为了使我国对外贸易保持稳定的增长态势,就要针对金融发展在我国对外贸易中的影响作用进行深入探究。本文在简要阐述金融发展与对外贸易理论的基础上,从金融发展与对外贸易两个视角出发,综合探究了金融发展与对外贸易间的作用机理和传导途径,并分析了为我国金融改革和对外贸易工作的发展模型。     

我国环保投资对经济增长和对外贸易的贡献评价

本文选取1989-2004年间我国环保投资与GDP、进出口总额T、进口IM、出口EX的时间序列资料；描绘了我国环保投资与经济增长、对外贸易的运行轨迹，对环保投资与经济增长、对外贸易的关系作了相关分析，并实际测算了环保投资对我国经济增长、对外贸易的贡献。本文认为，环保投资对我国经济增长、对外贸易的贡献是显著的，我国在环保投资方面经历了一个漫长而高速的发展期。     

经济转型期我国外贸会计发展探析

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,我国经济已经进入了一个经济转型的关键时期,在经济转型时期我国的市场地位得到了较大的提升,其中外贸产业是经济发展中必不可少的产业,对外贸会计在外贸产业中可以起到比较重要的作用,因此在经济转型期加强对我国外贸会计的研究力度是十分有必要的.本文从外贸会计的基本特征出发,分析了经济转型期我国对外贸易会计的不足之处,提出了几点经济转型期提高我国对外贸易会计发展的建议,目的在于提高我国外贸会计的水平,促进我国对外贸易的快速发展,提高国民经济的水平.     

集聚服务功能 服务陆桥区域——构建新亚欧大陆桥国际航运中心功能集聚区成为金港湾公司跨越发展重点的突破

随着我国西部大开发、振兴东北、中部崛起战略的实施，我国内陆且资源丰富地区的经济将获得快速发展。目前，我国主要采用拉动内需的战略举措，以实现这些区域基础设施建设。但区域经济的发展离不开对外贸易的发展，对外贸易的本质是对外商品的往来。     

中国沿海港口物流发展对经济增长的作用研究

近年来,我国对外贸易的发展速度显著提升,海运已经成为我国发展对外贸易运输的重要方式,海运当前对我国对外贸易的发展起到积极作用,港口是我国进行海上运输的重要结点,因此我国需要针对以上问题进行深入的分析,主要探讨了港口物流发展对我国经济增长的重要作用.     

FDI与GDP及国际贸易相关性的实证研究

笔者借助于计量经济模型，通过对我国1983-2005年以来的GDP、FDI以及国际贸易等统计数据进行相关及回归分析，描绘了外商直接投资与经济增长以及对外贸易之间的相互运行轨迹，并对三者之间的相互关系进行了实证研究，实际测算了FDI对我国经济增长及对外贸易的贡献，从定性和定量两个角度研究外商直接投资对我国经济增长、对外贸易贡献的问题。分析结果显示，外商直接投资对于我国经济增长和对外贸易的贡献是显著的，而国民经济增长与国际贸易之间的关系显示我国属于准出口导向型经济的国家。     

我国外贸发展规模反思

当今世界经济陷入低迷状态，我国还要履行入世承诺，在这种“内外双紧”的环境下，我国对外贸易的规模和质量问题显得尤为重要。分析了我国进出口贸易与经济增长之间的关系；阐述了开放边际收益增幅为零时是一国最佳开放度；指出了我国出口增长对GDP增长相关性弱化；说明了目前我国加快进口规模增长速度的重要性大于出口；提出了今后一段时期内我国增加出口创汇规模不应是外贸发展的根本任务，出口规模扩大不应是越快越好等。     

金融因素对我国地区国际贸易发展差异的影响

地区开放度的非均衡分布是造成我国地区经济差距不断扩大的一个很重要的因素。以金融视角研究地区开放度对区域对外贸易的作用机理，并通过面板回归模型的分析，可以发现：金融深化有利于地区对外贸易的发展；我国部分地区出口的快速发展在很大程度上得益于非正式金融。     

当前形势下国际经济贸易的发展与我国对外贸易战略的选择

随着信息时代的到来,世界经济迅速发展,推动了经济全球化浪潮向前发展.我国自改革开放以来,对外贸易战略依据经济变化实情不断转变和深化,在世界经济不断发展的今天,发展国际经济贸易是参与经济全球化的重要形式,我国应利用优势资源,及时制定科学合理的对外贸易战略,顺应当今世界经济发展的新趋势,提升我国外贸发展水平.本文通过对当前国际经济贸易发展趋势进行分析,并在此基础上,为我国对外贸易战略选择提出相关有效策略,从而不断地提升我国国际经济竞争实力.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.