私人股权基金投资业绩研究

本文利用来自Private Equity Intelligence的基金业绩数据,对目前所有投资于中国及周边地区的私人股权基金的表现进行实证分析,研究影响私人股权基金业绩的主要因素。     

私募股权投资基金对北京金融市场的影响

私募股权投资基金是指从事私人股权投资的基金.现代PE在中国迅速发展,对中国基金市场产生了较大影响.本文分析了中国私募股权投资基金市场的特点,以及北京金融市场,最后对北京新三板扩容方案进行了详细解说.     

有限合伙制是私人股权投资基金的最佳组织形式

中国本土股权投资进入了高速发展时期,投资基金如雨后春笋般涌现,组织形式的选择对基金的治理机构、激励约束机制等会直接影响到基金的成败,本土基金对组织形式的选择至关重要。有限合伙制作为国际私人股权投资基金的主流组织形式,在国内发展却并非一帆风顺,监管层抱有的偏见未能消除,一些本土机构的变异实践亦背离了有限合伙制的实质。事实上,从国外实践来看,有限合伙制对私人股权投资基金的最重要之处在于其所倡导的合伙文化和精神,这也是决定基金基业长青的内在基因。抛开各种短期利益因素的纷扰,以一个长远的视角来审视有限合伙制的不同之处,深入理解有限合伙制的本质内涵对本土私人股权投资界发展显得尤为重要。     

私募股权投资基金的业绩评价指标体系

目前,国内关于私募股权投资基金的研究还处于刚刚起步阶段,主要集中在私募股权投资基金的运作机制、组织结构以及发展环境上,这与我国目前私募股权投资基金的发展情况是相关联的.私募股权投资基金的业绩评价体系主要包括对基金历史业绩以及其业绩持续性两个方面的评价,而对于基金历史业绩的评价一般包括三个方面:即收益水平、风险水平、风险调整后的收益水平.在对私募股权投资基金业绩进行评价时需要注意的问题,主要体现在数据的选取、评价期的选择、对基金经理和基金管理公司的评价、关于基金持续性的分析等方面.     

解读“国际私人股权基金”

近期,企业界有关“PE”(国际私人股权基金,Private Equity Fund)的讨论,是相当有趣的。中国市场已经成为世界顶级私人股权收购基金的争夺焦点。“中国战略”已替代“中国概念”,成为国际投资机构会议桌上出现频率最高的词汇之一。严格地说,PE针对的是即将上市或已经上市的优质企业。比如     

徐工机械并购案给我们的启示

私人股权投资基金,是因其主要投资于私人股权也就是非上市公司股权而得名。其投资方式有三种:风险投资、直接投资、收购。收购基金选择的对象是成熟企业,意在获得目标企业的控制权。而在中国,一切才刚刚开始。文章主要从五个方面,包括制度的、法律的等层面,深入分析了凯雷并购徐工机械一案给我们的启示。     

私人股权投资基金对我国的影响及对策研究

私人股权投资基金,是指投资于非上市股权,或者上市公司非公开交易股权(即私人股权)的一种投资方式.近年来我国私人股权投资发展迅猛,外资PE在中国的PE市场扮演者重要角色.对此,应充分认识私人股权市场在我国经济发展中的影响.文章结合实际对进一步发展我国私人股权投资基金市场提出了政策建议.     

实业央企私募股权基金的发展研究

2006年政府主导"产业基金"试行,实业央企正式试水私募股权基金。在回顾了实业央企参与私募股权基金的历史背景前提下,指出央企背景的基金数量和出资规模虽逐年增加,但实业央企试水私募股权基金目前尚处在起步期。与此同时,一些实业央企更看到了参与私募股权基金有利于推动主业发展、实现经营多元化,有利于促进业绩增长,更有利于提高投资收益、降低投资风险。在分析了目前实业央企参与私募股权基金特征的基础上,结合央企实际,提出了未来可借鉴的发展模式。从更长的一个时间周期看,当下实业央企PE实践迈出的任何一步,可能就是一个新机制新模式的起点,因而具有现实意义。     

保险资金投资私募股权(PE)基金LP份额的机会分析

中国的私募股权基金从长期来看有着较高的投资回报,保险资金希望通过投资这类资产来提升整个保险投资的回报率。但这类资产通常刚开始的2至3年属于投资期,很难实现当期现金分红,无法满足保险资金投资要求,所以保险资金一直以来无法大规模投资该领域。本文为保险资金的这个问题提出了一个创新的解决办法:建议保险资金抓住目前中国私募股权投资市场出现的新机遇,收购私募股权基金在二级市场转让的部分LP份额,从而既能取得较高的投资回报,又能满足当期现金分红的投资要求。     

私募投资基金对未上市股权估值方法研究

私募投资基金的估值是基金绩效评价、基金份额交易定价的基础。而未上市股权作为基金最主要的资产,对其进行公允估值是确定基金整体价值的核心。2018年中国证券投资基金业协会公布了《私募投资基金非上市股权投资估值指引（试行）》,旨在规范基金管理人对基金所投资的非上市股权投资价值评估结果。本文针对在实务中遇到的未上市股权投资估值的难点,对其估值方法提出可行性建议。     

Socially Responsible Institutional Investment in Private Equity

This article studies institutional investor allocations to the socially responsible asset class. We propose two elements influence socially responsible institutional investment in private equity: internal organizational structure, and internationalization. We study socially responsible investments from Dutch institutional investments into private equity funds, and compare socially responsible investment across different asset classes and different types of institutional investors (banks, insurance companies, and pension funds). The data indicate socially responsible investment in private equity is 40–50% more common when the decision to implement such an investment plan is centralised with a single chief investment officer. Socially responsible investment in private equity is also more common among institutional investors with a greater international investment focus, and less common among fund-of-fund private equity investments.     

Private equity performance and capital flows: Evidence from China

For more than 1500 private equity funds in China over the period from 1992 to 2013, we construct fund level performance metrics with investment level return data and examine performance and capital flows. The median (mean) fund IRR, net of fees, is 9.0% (51.7%), based on a sample that controls for survivorship bias. Fund IRRs are neither related to fund own characteristics, such as fund size, nor to overall market conditions around the time when the fund is raised. Competition reduces fund performance: returns are lower when there are many competitors entering the industry at the same time. Although experienced partnerships are more likely to raise a follow-on fund and to raise more capital, fund performance is not related to general partnership (GP) investment experience. Further, there is no performance persistence across funds managed by the same GP. Lastly, there is some evidence of investor maturity when judged on GPs' historical performance. This evidence characterizes a burgeoning yet immature PE industry in China.     

How to build a successful private equity portfolio

The route to a successful private equity portfolio is a four‐step process that requires an in‐depth understanding of private equity as an asset class as well as the skills to select promising opportunities from available offerings. The first step is to set out and define general allocation guidelines. These initial guidelines then have to be refined based on the availability of adequate investment opportunities. The third step involves selecting the most attractive funds from a pool of target funds. And lastly the portfolio must be monitored on an ongoing basis to track its overall development as well as its enduring performance. Benchmarking the overall performance of the portfolio as well as individual managers is an integral part of this. In the following sections, each individual step is discussed and explained in more detail. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Government policy towards entrepreneurial finance: Innovation investment funds

This paper analyses 280 Australian venture capital and private equity funds and their investments in 845 entrepreneurial firms over the period 1982–2005. I focus the analysis on the Innovation Investment Fund (IIF) governmental program, first introduced in 1997. In order to highlight the unique aspects of the IIF, I compare the properties of the Australian IIF program with government venture capital programs in Canada, the UK and the US. The IIF program is unique with a focus on partnering between government–private sector partnerships, as described herein. I analyse the performance of the IIF funds along several dimensions: the propensity to take on risk by investing in early stage and high-tech investments; the propensity to monitor and add value to investees through staging, syndication, and portfolio size per fund manager; and the exit success. For each of these evaluation criteria, I assess the performance of the IIF funds relative to other types of private equity and venture capital funds in Australia. The data analysed show – in both a statistically and economically significant way – that the IIF program has facilitated investment in start-up, early stage and high tech firms as well as the provision of monitoring and value-added advice to investees. Overall, therefore, the data are strongly consistent with the view that the IIF program is fostering the development of the Australian venture capital industry. However, the vast majority of investments have not yet been exited, and the exit performance of IIFs to date has not been statistically different than that of other private funds. Further evaluation of IIF performance and outcomes is warranted when subsequent years of data become available.     

Factors that determine the reputation of private equity managers in developing markets

This paper analyzes the relationship between investors and private equity managers in order to identify the factors that affect the latter's reputation. Since there are no individual references about their past returns in developing private equity markets, the reputation of such players is thought to be linked to their capacity for obtaining new funds. Results provide evidence of the volume of investments recorded in the past, the ratio of portfolio companies to investment manager, the percentage of divestments carried out through initial public offerings and trade sales, the membership of the national private equity association and the size of funds under management as characteristics of the highest importance in raising funds.     

货币政策对资本市场的非线性效应——基于自私募股权投资经验证据的分析

私募股权投资是资本市场的重要组成部分,而资本市场波动对宏观经济周期有重要影响。通过构建非线性计量经济模型,本文从不同期限结构和类型的政策模式角度探索货币政策对私募股权投资的非线性影响。研究发现,短期数量型货币政策在经济高涨时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,而长期数量型货币政策在经济平稳时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,数量型货币政策对私募股权投资的影响在时间维度呈现递减趋势;短期价格型货币政策在经济萧条时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,而长期价格型货币政策在经济平稳时期对私募股权投资的调控效果更佳,价格型货币政策对私募股权投资的影响在时间维度呈现递增趋势。因此,长期价格型货币政策是我国进入经济新常态时期后的主要选择。     

股权投资基金与企业实际投资的实证研究

股权投资基金与其他的融资方式相比有其独有的优势和特点,这种融资方式对于企业的投资决策和投资行为会产生其特有的影响。文章在综述国内外相关研究的基础上,以我国中小企业板上市公司为研究样本,构建实证模型,通过实证方法研究股权投资基金对企业实际投资的影响和作用。研究得出以下结论,中小企业板上市公司实际投资与股权投资基金的参与显著正相关,与公司成长性指标营业总收入增长率显著正相关,而实际投资与现金流指标和公司总资产负债率并不存在显著的相关性。     

Private equity secondaries: Opening the liquidity tap

Private equity is an illiquid asset class. The extended holding period for private equity—averaging four to five years—attracts investors, as fund managers are able to avoid the volatility that negatively affects the public equities. However, the secondary market has emerged as a tool that enables limited partners in private equity funds to manage a private equity portfolio flexibly despite its intrinsic illiquidity. This article discusses in great detail the scope of secondary transactions, discussing how the subsegment has evolved over time from the straightforward purchase of limited partnership interest to the more elaborate transactions involving structural creativity and complex problem solving for sellers. It is concluded that the growth in secondaries brings liquidity to the asset class and thus makes private equity a more compelling investment proposition. As such, the secondary market will continue to be a key driver for growth of the private equity industry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Risk management in Indian venture capital and private equity firms: A comparative study

Venture capitalists and private equity funds are often considered experts at investing in high‐risk projects and firms. To be successful investors, venture capitalists and private equity funds must therefore manage the many aspects of risk associated with investing in unlisted small and medium‐sized enterprises. This study examines how Indian venture capital and private equity firms manage several dimensions of risk. We analyze risk management preferences in Indian venture capital and private equity firms. A comparison between Indian and U.K. funds is presented. The results are discussed in detail. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Alternative investments in emerging markets: A review and new trends

This paper provides a review of the alternative investments literature in emerging markets, with a focus on art and wine, angel investment, venture capital and private equity, private debt, hedge funds, crowdfunding, and IPOs. We show that there has been relatively more growth in the scholarly interest in alternative investments in emerging markets compared to alternative investments and compared to emerging markets over the period 2000–2016. We highlight topics that have been the subject of scholarly focus, and identify topics for future research.