东北亚区域经济合作与中小企业

随着区域经济一体化的迅速发展，中小企业在东北亚区域经济合作中正发挥着日益重要的作用。     

"东亚的外国直接投资:经验与启示"国际研讨会综述

由世界银行研究所和中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所共同主办的“东亚的外国直接投资--经验与启示”国际学术研讨会近期在北京召开。来自日本、中国香港、中国、新加坡、马来西亚、菲律宾、越南等10多个国家和地区该领域的资深专家学者与会。研讨会的议题包括三个部分:一、东亚FDI的总体情况;二、东亚FDI来源国的案例分析;三、东亚FDI接受国的案例分析。来自新加坡国际问题研究所的谢陈秀瑜博士做了《外国直接投资与经济发展:东亚的经验与启示》的主题报告。投资来源地选取了日本(世界银行顾问TsutomuShibata做报告,评论人为国务院发展研究中心对外经济部部长赵晋平)和中国香港(香港岭南大学的陈坤耀博士,评论人为中山大学岭南学院院长许罗丹)作为案例;投资接受国的案例为中国(中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所所长余永定博士,评论人为南开大学泰达学院院长冼国明)、菲律宾(菲律宾的MyrnaS.Austria博士,评论人为南京大学的沈坤荣教授)和越南(日本早稻田大学的陈文寿教授,评论人为北京师范大学的贺立平教授)。这里刊登部分与会中国学者对主要报告的观点介绍及其评论。     

东亚区域经济整合的机遇与挑战——第九届“东亚经济合作论坛”综述

2005年11月24～25日,第九届“东亚经济合作论坛”在广西南宁市举办。本次论坛由综合开发研究院(中国·深圳)和日本综合研究开发机构共同主办,并得到了广西壮族自治区政府的大力支持。本次论坛的主题是“东亚区域经济整合:地区发展的新机遇”。来自日本、泰国、越南、菲律宾、新     

Productivity and economic growth in East Asia: innovation, efficiency and accumulation

This paper uses a varying coefficients frontier production function model to examine the sources of growth between 1987 and 1993 in four East Asian economies—Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and South Korea. Using data for 20 manufacturing sectors at the three-digit SIC level, this study provides the first comprehensive examination of sources of growth that allows one to decompose total factor productivity growth, separating out technical efficiency changes (TECs) from technological progress (TP). We find that while there is ample evidence of the importance of increasing inputs in growth, and there is some support for technical efficiency change, or catching up to the frontier over this period, there is weak or even negative evidence for the role of technological progress, measured as a shift in the estimated production frontier.     

International monetary transmission in East Asia: Floaters,non-floaters,and capital controls

This paper analyzes the impacts of the United States (US) monetary shocks on East Asian countries using structural vector-autoregression (VAR) model. We find that the impacts of the US monetary shocks on East Asian domestic interest rates and exchange rates contradict conventional wisdom. The conventional exchange rate channel is unlikely to play much role in the transmission of the US monetary policy shocks to floaters in East Asian countries, excluding Japan. In these countries, the domestic interest rates respond strongly to the US interest rate changes, by giving up monetary autonomy, probably because of fear of floating. However, the domestic interest rate does not respond much in countries with fixed exchange rate regimes and capital account restrictions, such as China and Malaysia. This may suggest that the countries with fixed exchange rate regimes enjoy a higher degree of monetary autonomy, most likely with the help of capital account restrictions.     

Exchange rates,global imbalances,and interdependence in East Asia

The paper analyzes East Asian interdependence in the face of global imbalances. A macro-econometric multinational model is used, describing Korea, Japan, China and the rest of East Asia in their respective relations with the United States as well as with the rest of the world. US imbalances and their expected consequences, notably a depreciation of the dollar and the slowdown of US demand, have rather contrasted effects on East Asian economies, depending on relative magnitudes of the two components. Korea is more affected by the dollar depreciation while China is more exposed to the US slowdown. Japan, less open and less dependent on the US market, is less touched. The correction of East Asian exchange-rate misalignments, which have prevailed since the beginning of the 2000s, would badly affect East Asian economies if undertaken too abruptly. Lastly, the perspective of creating an area of stabilised exchange rates between won, yen and other currencies, organized either as a common currencies basket system or in a regime based on the ACU, is explored preliminarily. Sets of simulations comparing adjustment mechanisms between East Asian countries, with or without the possibility of monetary adjustment, illustrate the cost of precluding exchange-rate adjustments in the case of asymmetric demand shocks.     

Saving,investment and international capital mobility in East Asia

This paper estimates the degree of international capital mobility in East Asia using the saving–investment correlation originated in Feldstein and Horioka [Feldstein, M., Horioka, C., 1980. Domestic saving and international capital flows. Economic Journal 90, 314–329]. We apply the empirical method used in Kim [Kim, S.H., 2001. The saving–investment correlation puzzle is still a puzzle. Journal of International Money and Finance 20, 1017–1034] to control for cyclical effects in estimating a time-series saving–investment correlation of 10 Asian countries from 1980 to 2002. Our conclusion is that the saving–investment correlation in East Asia steadily decreases over time but is still higher than that of the OECD countries over all studied periods. These results are consistent with the fact that capital mobility in East Asia is lower than that in the OECD countries. In addition, regional saving and investment data demonstrate that investment in East Asia is largely financed by regional savings.     

International Labour Migration in East Asia: trends, patterns and policy issues

This paper examines emerging patterns of labour migration in East Asia and related policy issues from the perspective of labour-importing countries. Following a survey of the characteristics of labour flows stemming from, but more importantly occurring within, the region, it probes inter-country differences, both in the timing of the entry of migrant workers and the degree of dependency on migrant labour in the context of rapid economic growth and labour market change. There is clear evidence that labour migration is now a structural feature of the economic landscape in these countries. The policy challenge is to design market-based systems for making the new reliance on labour inflows consistent with changing domestic labour market conditions and the priorities of national development policy, while minimising social resentment and adverse implications for political relations with neighbouring labour-sending countries.     

Foreign Investment in East Asia: A Survey

This article updates the May 1989 literature survey on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the East Asian region published in this journal. Following an overview of trends of FDI in the 1990s, it focuses on three key issues: the impact of the recent Asian economic crisis on FDI inflow relative to other forms of capital inflows; the link between FDI and trade; and technology transfer and adaptation. It is too early to discern the implications of the crisis for host-country policies and investment decisions of multinational corporations, but the indications are that FDI will continue to play a pivotal role in economic transformation, and in regional and global economic integration.     

Regional production networks,service offshoring,and productivity in East Asia

Using the Asian International Input–Output Table (1990, 1995, and 2000), this paper explores regional production networks and offshoring of material and service inputs in East Asia. In doing so, offshoring is measured directly from the Table, which has not been used in previous literature regarding this issue. It turns out that East Asian countries source significant shares of inputs within East Asia. In addition to material offshoring, service offshoring in East Asia has become increasingly common in the era of globalization. We also evaluate the effects of this fast growing offshoring on productivity. Our econometric results demonstrate that offshoring exerts a significant and positive impact on total factor productivity in East Asia. Service offshoring, in particular, performs a more significant role than material offshoring.     

东亚货币合作的阶段确定与形态选择

东亚金融危机表明东亚进行货和由合作迫在眉睫,而欧洲货币一体化的成功为东亚货币合作提供了范例。在东亚货币合作的诸多问题中,关键的问题是确定目前货币合作的阶段和形态。本文就若干货币合作的条件指标,对东来地区目前的水平与西欧国家1979年的水平进行了比较,结论是,东亚货币合作目前只能在第一个阶段－准备阶段运作,建立真正的、有制度框架保障的、以汇率目标区为主体的货币合作体系的基本条件尚不具备。然后,文章就当前阶段货币合作的形态选择进行了深入的研究,指出,在货币合作初期,对称性的贷币合作比较合适。     

垂直分工、技术转移与东亚区域生产整合:中国视角

本文利用高度细分的贸易数据,在合理分类的基础上分析了中国在东亚区域生产中整合过程的国际分工地位和特点,以及中国高技术产品贸易对外资的高度依赖性,进而总结了东亚生产和贸易模式的变化和中国在新三角贸易中的主导作用。     

东亚外商直接投资、技术进步与经济均衡增长

本文利用结构关联方法,实证分析1985~2004年东亚吸引外资是否会带来技术进步,并以此推动经济均衡增长。东亚经济均衡增长经历了三次路径转移,技术进步决定经济均衡增长路径的动态调整,但技术进步的作用具有时滞性。东亚需要增强吸收和转换技术的能力。     

Spatial Disparities in Developing East Asia: a survey

Intra-country regional disparities and centre-region relations are important issues in developing East Asian countries. Most governments are experimenting with decentralisation initiatives, some of which are quite radical. There is disaffection towards centralised capital city control in several countries, most notably in Indonesia, where the possibility of further territorial fragmentation cannot be discounted. Rapid economic growth is inevitably uneven in its sub-national impacts. Some regions—usually those with better connections to the international economy—grow faster than others. In the wake of the 1997/98 economic crisis, fiscally constrained governments find it increasingly difficult to finance fiscal equalisation mechanisms and other measures designed to assist poor regions. Paradoxically, as international boundaries become increasingly porous and blurred, regional identities and aspirations are more sharply defined.     

东亚货币合作的进展、障碍及中国的对策

尽管目前东亚货币合作取得了一些进展,但仍然面临着经济、政治等方面多层次的障碍,因此目前尚无法建立类似于欧元区的东亚统一货币区。中国从自身利益出发应在东亚货币合作中发挥积极作用,首先,应加强与东亚各国汇率政策的协调;其次,通过推动次区域的货币合作;最后,建立东亚共同货币区。