An Empirical Identification of Project Management Toolsets and a Comparison Among Project Types

This article presents the results of an empirical investigation of project management practice. Practice is investigated through the study of the extent of use of a large number of practices, tools, and techniques specific to project management. A sample of 2,339 practitioners participating in a large‐scale international survey is used for this article. The sample size and the diversity of contexts in which the respondents are working render the analysis feasible and the results reliable. The data is analyzed to identify patterns of practice. More specifically, using principal component analysis, the research identifies patterns that demonstrate that practitioners use project management tools and techniques in groups or “toolsets.” A brief attempt is made to compare results with A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (PMI, 2008 ) Knowledge Areas and Process Groups. The article also shows how practice varies with the management of different types of projects: engineering and construction; business and financial services; information technology (IT) and telecommunications; and software development projects. The identification of these variations has important consequences for practice and for the study of practice.     

论工程项目全过程管理

工程项目全过程管理就指工程项目管理单位按照合同约定,在工程项目决策阶段,为业主编制可行性研究报告,进行可行性分析和项目策划。在工程项目实施阶段,为业主提供招标代理、设计管理、采购管理、施工管理和试运行(竣工验收)、工程项目后评价等服务,根据业主委托对工程项目进行质量、安全、进度、费用、合同、信息等管理和控制。     

Formal and Informal Practices of Knowledge Sharing Between Project Teams and Enacted Cultural Characteristics

This article investigates the process of knowledge sharing between project teams and uses a case study approach. This is especially relevant, as organizations face both the needs for separating work into projects and integrating knowledge created in projects into the organization. The results provided by the analysis technique of GABEK^® indicate that, although projects create boundaries, employees and project team leaders use formal mechanisms and develop informal practices for knowledge sharing between project teams. Furthermore, the article identifies organizational cultural characteristics enacted in these practices that can stimulate the discussion in “knowledge culture research” regarding the relationship of organizational cultural characteristics and (specific) knowledge processes.     

The relative importance of the PMBOK® Guide's nine Knowledge Areas during project planning

Although A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)—Fourth Edition identifies nine Knowledge Areas that project managers should focus on while managing projects, it does not indicate the relative importance of each of these Knowledge Areas. However, such information can be of great significance in helping project managers determine how to use their available resources most effectively. This article investigates the relative importance of the project management Knowledge Areas used during the planning phase of a project and their impact on project success. Results presented in this article are based on a field study that involved 783 project managers from different countries and industries. The study revealed that the Knowledge Areas with the greatest impact on project success were Time, Risk, Scope, and Human Resources. However, these results have been found to be sensitive to the industry in which projects were undertaken. Differences among industries are described and discussed in the article.     

“Want to” Versus “Have to”: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators as Predictors of Compliance Behavior Intention

“Worthless,” “money burning,” or “black holes” is how media and professionals describe compliance practices today. Practitioners are unenthusiastic about control systems, codes of conducts, and systems for compliance management that are increasing in volume but not in effectiveness. In order to help practitioners clarify what actually makes employees comply with their compliance program, this study examines intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of 119 employees from procurement and sales. We contribute to the existing motivation literature, testing the self‐determination theory in low and high hierarchical levels. Our findings show that intrinsic motivators are more strongly and positively related to compliance intention on higher hierarchical levels than the lower ones. However, employees from higher hierarchies show overall less compliance intention than employees from lower hierarchies. © 2015 The Authors. Human Resource Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Value stream mapping in project management: A case study

This article describes the application of value stream mapping to analyze and redesign the way of managing the materials procurement stage of a project. A framework based on integrated definition (IDEF) methodology, the stream analysis approach, activity‐based costing, and discrete event simulation is presented. The stream analysis approach is used to analyze, diagnose, and manage process changes represented using an IDEF model. A dynamic simulation is used to evaluate the impact of the changes considered, to support the analysis of the process, and to model the performance of the proposed process. The overall methodology is demonstrated by applying it to a company whose core business is the design and construction of offshore oil rigs. The company specializes in engineering, procurement, and construction projects and has an annual portfolio of about six projects. Many of these projects have common features in terms of design and components, and they are all also characterized by a short “time to delivery.” For this reason, this study was aimed at assessing the possible effects that the application of new materials management policies could have on reducing both project completion time and the resources required.     

信息化视角下的工程机械设备采购管理

机械设备的采购成本与工程建设的成本密切相关,高效的采购管理可以节约工程建设成本,提高工程建设的经济效益。随着国家经济的发展以及新时代的到来,工程机械设备采购管理逐渐进入信息化时代。在信息化管理模式下,传统管理模式中数据处理、更新不及时,设备之间数据交流受限,工程建设效率低下等问题,都可以得到有效解决。在时代发展的驱使之下,信息化手段在工程机械设备采购方面的应用是必然要求。论文针对信息化视角下工程机械设备采购管理的优势进行探讨,仅供参考。     

环保工程项目管理中的供应商评选研究

层次分析法因其简洁明晰,使用方便而得到广泛应用,但在环保工程项目领域的研究应用相对较少,基于环保工程项目的特点,本文建立有针对性的符合项目实际需求的指标体系,利用层次分析法求解,从而为工程项目采购一线的管理者提供一种快速有效的科学决策方法,评选出可靠的供应商,降低潜在的风险,对环保工程项目采购管理而言是一个很重要的环节。     

工程项目管理组织沟通现状分析

工程项目具有环境复杂,不同工种人员协同施工等重要因素,工程项目的成败,组织的内部沟通起到重要的作用。文章主要从工程项目管理组织的沟通的特殊性着手,分析工程组织管理特殊性以及影响工程管理沟通有效性的原因。     

The criticality of risk factors in customer relationship management projects

Customer relationship management (CRM) remains an area of considerable interest in contemporary project management literature, due to its association with high failure rates. This research examined the criticality of four risk factors. Quantitative data analyzed using PASW17 were collected from a sample of 250 CRM project practitioners. Although we found strong evidence to support the focus on these risk factors, which include “user training,” “top management support,” “business strategy and technology alignment,” and “effective project feedback,” the authors found that, although some risk factors may be identified as “critical,” their criticality is dependent on the context of the project.     

浅谈信息管理在工程建设中的作用

建设工程具有投资大,参建单位多,跨越时间长、空间大,参与人员流动性高等特点,高效的信息沟通和信息管理向来是工程项目管理的基础。本文主要论述工程信息管理措施、在工程建设中的组成以及在工程造价中的显著作用。     

From Every Direction—How Personality Traits and Dimensions of Project Managers Can Conceptually Affect Project Success

Based on extensive literature review, this theoretical paper adds to the “soft skill” research stream by enlarging the scope of personality dimensions and their subsequent effects on project success and, second, considers dimensions heretofore not explored within the project management body of knowledge. We posit that a project manager's extent of communication apprehension, degree of innovativeness, level of self‐monitoring, conflict management style, degree of change orientation and Myers‐Briggs (MBTI) personality type can affect project outcomes. Additionally, we conjecture that organizational dynamics such as structure, incentive systems, and organizational project management maturity can moderate the relationship between these personality dimensions and project success.     

工程建设项目招标采购方案的制定

随着我国社会水平的提高,经济步伐的推进,我国的工程建设项目也在这个过程中得到了很大程度的发展。而在工程建设项目中,对于相关建材材料的招标采购工作也是非常重要的一个环节,对于工程项目的整体质量以及建设成本都能产生很大的影响。在本文中,将就工程建设项目招标采购方案的制定进行一定的分析与探讨。     

项目全过程管理中政府采购思路和技术方法的建设与发展

项目全过程管理为政府采购工作带来挑战,同时也为政府采购思路和技术方法提供了创新、发展、提升、深化的机遇。论文从明确性、定时性和可控性等多方面入手,分析项目全过程管理的特点,进一步阐述了项目全过程管理为政府采购工作带来的挑战,并根据问题提出了项目全过程管理背景下政府采购思路与技术方法的建设路径。     

市政工程项目管理中界面管理理论的应用研究

市政工程项目是城市基础设施建设中的关键内容,随着当下城市发展速度在不断加快,市政建设中对施工效率与质量的要求也越来越高,所以加强各施工环节、施工部门等有效信息与资料对接更显重要。界面管理理论应用到市政工程项目管理工作中,能够有效提高施工内与施工外各环节、各部门、各组织之间的矛盾解除以及沟通加深,有助于施工高效进行。     

Evidence‐Based Scope for Reducing “Fire‐Fighting” in Project Management

This paper reviews the problems of project management as reported by 1,879 individuals employed in the construction, manufacturing, process, and service industries in North‐West Europe over 23 years. Data obtained by a written questionnaire confirms that organizational relationships need the most attention. The data exhibits no trends over the 23 years. It indicates that many of the problems of project management are “institutional”; in other words, they are due to organizational cultures rather than inherent in project work. The evidence supports the view that poor discipline at the front‐end of projects results in too much “fire‐fighting” in project execution to overcome problems that could have been prevented. Prevention of these institutional problems requires action at the level of corporate governance, above the level of project management.     

工程勘察项目目标成本分析及有效控制

工程勘察项目自然环境条件复杂,影响其成本的因素众多。实际工作中对项目成本控制存在一些不足,针对问题,通过采取提高预算质量、加强定额管理、合同管理与采购控制等措施,实施对项目成本的有效控制。     

基于项目开发成本控制的招投标体系构建--以武汉三江航天房地产开发公司为例

文中以武汉三江航天地产公司为例，从房地产企业管理实践出发，介绍了基于项目开发成本控制的招投标体系构建的需求背景，重点阐述了房地产企业招投标体系构建内涵及具体做法：健全招投标制度建设，加强招标计划管理，合理采用集中采购，推行招标文件及合同管理标准化，利用信息化管理平台提高工作效率，通过以上手段实现专业化标准化流程化的招投标管理。通过2009-2011年公司管理数据及工程业绩分析，对体系构建的实际效益进行了验证，成本控制与品牌建设取得双赢。     

关于工程项目管理问题的几点思考

工程项目管理是工程项目的建设者运用系统的观点、理论、方法对工程项目的建设进行全过程和全方位的管理,实现工程项目资源的优化配置,打造全方位优质工程成果。本文对工程项目管理问题进行简要论述。     

建设工程合同管理对工程造价的影响分析

合同管理是建设工程项目管理的核心,其管理的水平对工程造价具有较大的影响。本文主要分析了招标投标阶段、工程施工阶段及验收阶段的合同管理对工程造价的影响。