衍生金融工具的套期会计分析研究

随着我国社会主义市场经济发展的不断深入.衍生金融工具也在我国企业中扮演着越来越重要的角色.根据不同衍生金融工具进行套期,能为企业控制和防范风险提供有效的手段,但不恰当的使用会为企业带来沉重的负担.本文吸取国外在衍生金融工具套期会计处理方面的理论和实务,研究如何在我国2006年颁布的企业会计准则下,运用套期会计将企业真实经营结果反映到财务报告中以满足会计决策有用性理论的要求.     

衍生金融工具的套期会计在我国的发展前景探析

2006年我国财政部颁布了四个衍生金融工具会计准则来统一规范企业衍生金融工具的套期会计处理,并取得了一定的成效,但这些准则在使用中仍存在着一些不足.本文分析了其目前存在的问题及其发展前景,并提出我国衍生金融工具套期会计在政策选择方面改进的几点建议.     

衍生金融工具公允价值套期保值会计研究

我国2006年颁布的新会计准则明确将金融工具划分成基础金融工具和衍生金融工县,并就其会计确认、计量和披露进行了规范.但有关衍生金融工具公允价值套期保值会计的核算内容不够县体而且准则内容在理解上存在很多难点,本文拟结合案例就公允价值套期保值金计进行研究,旨在为企业提供一套可供操作的方案.     

新会计准则下现金流量套期会计处理的实践与思考

近年来随着中国金融市场的蓬勃发展,衍生金融工具的作用也越来越引起企业的重视.为防范经营环境变动所引起的价格风险、现金流风险、汇率风险等,企业纷纷采用各种衍生金融工具来进行套期保值.新会计准则不仅将衍生金融工具纳入报表核算,还首次引进套期会计核算体系,跨越式地实现了与国际会计准则的趋同,从而使衍生金融工具的会计处理得以透明化和规范化.     

公允价值套期与现金流量套期的比较研究

套期保值是企业持有衍生金融工具的主要目的,因而也是衍生金融工具产生发展的根本动力。通过运用各种套期策略和套期工具,企业可以减少风险甚至消除风险。随着金融工具创新的迅速发展和我国企业利用金融工具进行套期避险活动的日益增多,在会计和财务报告中如实反映管理人员的套期管理活动尤为必要。笔者结合新《企业会计准则第24号——套期保值》(CAS24),就金融工具的公允价值套期与现金流量套期的区别作一探讨,以期使会计理论工作者与实务工作者更好地理解并执行好新准则。     

公允价值套期与现金流量套期的比较研究

套期保值是企业持有衍生金融工具的主要目的，因而也是衍生金融工具产生发展的根本动力。通过运用各种套期策略和套期工具，企业可以减少风险甚至消除风险。随着金融工具创新的迅速发展和我国企业利用金融工具进行套期避险活动的日益增多。在会计和财务报告中如实反映管理人员的套期管理活动尤为必要。笔者结合新《企业会计准则第24号——套期保值》（CAS24），就金融工具的公允价值套期与现金流量套期的区别作一探讨，以期使会计理论工作者与实务工作者更好地理解并执行好新准则。[编者按]     

衍生金融工具套期会计问题研究

随着市场经济的不断发展,我国越来越多的企业开始涉足套期业务。企业利用衍生金融工具进行套期,能够为企业防范和控制风险提供有效的手段和途径。虽然我国已经建立了"套期保值"的相关准则,但在实际操作中仍存在诸多不足之处。本文在分析衍生金融工具套期会计存在问题的基础上,提出完善的建议。     

新会计准则下现金流量套期会计处理的实践与思考

近年来随着中国金融市场的蓬勃发展，衍生金融工具的作用也越来越引起企业的重视。为防范经营环境变动所引起的价格风险、现金流风险、汇率风险等，企业纷纷采用各种衍生金融工具来进行套期保值。新会计准则不仅将衍生金融工具纳入报表核算，还首次引进套期会计核算体系，跨越式地实现了与国际会计准则的趋同，从而使衍生金融工具的会计处理得以透明化和规范化。     

关于新准则下商品期货套期业务会计处理问题的研究

随着企业外部环境的不断变化,如何有效规避和管理自身经营风险,已经成为大多数企业在日常经营管理中的主要目标。近年来,我国衍生金融工具得到了不断发展和完善,更多的企业将关注点集中在如何充分运用衍生金融工具套期保值的功能方面,并在这方面开展了积极的尝试,使企业经营风险得到有效防范与规避。自新准则于2018年1月1日正式实施以来在专门针对企业商品期货套期保值业务方面的会计处理还不完善,存在的问题也逐渐凸显出来,这对企业实施商品期货套期保值业务的效果产生了重要影响。基于此,文章将站在新准则的角度,详细地研究与分析商品期货套期业务会计处理中的相关问题,在结合工作实际的基础上提出有效的优化策略,以期能够为企业在开展套期保值业务,会计实务处理中提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

试析衍生金融工具套期会计存在的问题

<正> 企业进行衍生金融工具交易的目的主要有两个:套期保值和投机。套期保值是通过相对交易的行为,来减少因价格波动而遭受损失的风险。投机却是指通过承担市场交易中的风险,以求从价格变化中获利。由于套期保值和投机对待风险的态度截然不同,对企业的经济影响迥异,运用衍生金融工具交易所产生损益的处理也有不同。投机交易产生的损益是在当期立即加以确认,比较简单。套期保值交易产生的损益则要根据不同的避险对象作出不同的处理,或是递延、或是当期加以确认,比较复杂,因此需要对套期保值交易使用特殊的会计处理方法——套期会计。目前,有关套期活动的会     

金融结构、金融功能与金融效率——一个基于系统科学的新视角

从系统的角度、以金融效率为落脚点、重新廓清金融结构、功能与效率之间的逻辑关系，是深入研究上述要素的可循之径。本文在超越“系统观”的基础上，基于系统科学的新视角，将金融结构、功能与效率整合在金融系统内（简称SFE框架）进行研究，最终提出了构建SFE框架的若干要义：金融结构与环境共同决定金融功能与效率、整体观是金融功能观的理论基础、金融适应效率是关键、系统综合是实现从微观到宏观金融效率的有效途径。     

School and family environments promote adolescents' financial confidence: Indirect paths to financial literacy skills in Finnish PISA 2018

This study investigates the associations of adolescents' financial socialization factors—financial education in school and families—with financial confidence (i.e., confidence in using financial and digital financial services). In addition, we examine how financial socialization factors indirectly relate to financial literacy skills through financial confidence and the role of demographic factors (adolescent gender, grade level, parental education, family wealth) on financial socialization, financial confidence, and financial literacy scores. We used data on the 4328 Finnish 15-year-olds participating in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We measured financial literacy by cognitive test items and assessed financial socialization and financial confidence by adolescent questionnaires. First, the results showed that financial education in school positively predicted adolescents' confidence in using financial and digital financial services. Second, financial education at schools and in families indirectly predicted students' financial literacy through confidence in using digital financial services. Third, older adolescents were more exposed to financial education at school and in families, whereas adolescents from wealthier families and girls (vs. boys) were exposed to a more frequent discussion of financial matters with parents at home. Furthermore, the boys were more confident in using financial services than the girls, although the financial literacy score did not differ by gender; older adolescents were more confident in using financial services and achieved better financial literacy than younger ones. Finally, higher parental education in the family related to higher financial literacy but not to higher financial confidence, whereas family wealth was related to higher financial confidence but not financial literacy.     

Consumer financial education and financial capability

The purpose of this study was to explore potential effects of financial education on the financial capability of American consumers. Data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study were used to test the hypothesis that financial education is positively associated with financial capability. Four financial literacy and behaviour variables were used to form a financial capability index. Multivariate linear regression results showed that, after controlling for demographic and financial variables, respondents who ever received financial education had higher scores in all financial capability indicators (objective financial literacy, subjective financial literacy, desirable financial behaviour, perceived financial capability and the financial capability index). In addition, high school, college and workplace financial education variables showed positive associations with these financial capability indicators. Additional state comparison analyses provided evidence suggesting high school financial education may have direct impacts and spillover effects on consumer financial capability.     

The relationships of financial literacy with both financial behavior and financial well-being: Meta-analyses based on the selective literature review

This study conducted meta-analyses of the relationships between financial literacy and both financial behavior and financial well-being. Peer-reviewed articles published on financial literacy in the field of consumer studies were collected by July 29, 2020. Fourteen articles were eligible for the meta-analyses. The results showed positive relationships of financial knowledge with desirable financial behavior and financial well-being. Our comparison of objective and subjective financial knowledge indicated that subjective knowledge had stronger relationships with both financial behavior and financial well-being than objective knowledge. These two types of knowledge also had different paths to financial well-being in that subjective knowledge had both direct and indirect effects on financial well-being through financial behavior, whereas objective knowledge only had an indirect effect. The relationship between financial knowledge and financial behavior appeared stronger in cross-sectional data than in longitudinal data. The implications of these results and possible directions for future consumer science research were discussed.     

财务管理学研究要借鉴社会心理学

财务管理实践与人们的社会心理密切相关。财务管理研究者要关注社会心理学,因为两者的研究对象、影响变量许多是相同的。财务管理学关注社会心理可以提高财务管理的价值和效用,可以使财务决策更加人性化、财务治理更加科学化,避免财务管理情绪化,提高财务谈判成功的概率。     

财务二重性视角下的企业财务治理及相关问题研究——兼论财务管理主体、客体与目标

现代财务的内涵决定了企业财务包括价值和权力两个层面,其中,财务治理主要从权力角度处理财务问题,而财务管理侧重从价值角度处理财务问题。据此,我们认为:财务治理主体是拥有财权并参与配置财权的自然人或法人,而财务管理主体是财务活动的参与者与执行者;财务治理客体是财权,而财务管理客体是本金;财务治理目标是财权的最优配置,而财务管理目标是本金的最大增值。     

Financial Inclusion in Rural Uganda: Testing Interaction Effect of Financial Literacy and Networks

ABSTRACT

Based on the premise that financial literacy take place in networks to influence the level of financial inclusion, the study examined whether networks moderate in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion among poor households in rural Uganda. Studies have revealed that financial literacy affects the level of financial inclusion. However, these studies have failed to incorporate the moderating role of networks in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion. The results showed that networks positively and significantly moderates in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion with both financial literacy and networks having direct and significant effects.     

中国金融创新:美国次贷危机背景下的选择

通过对美国次贷危机与金融创新关系的再反思,分析金融创新在美国次贷危机中所扮演的角色,重申金融创新的积极作用,提出金融创新在我国金融体系发展中的重要策略和原则:金融创新必须在合理的范围内进行,遵循"风险可控、成本可算"的原则,进一步完善金融监管体制,并要处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系。     

Are consumers' financial needs and values common across cultures? Evidence from six countries

Are consumers' financial needs, and financial values, the same or different across cultures? Two studies, with student (Study 1; n = 988) and non‐student (Study 2; n = 959) participants, explore the extent of equivalence, across six countries (Brazil, Russia, China, Taiwan, Tunisia and US), in financial need belief, and financial value, measurement models. The financial need beliefs, derived from self‐determination theory (SDT) principles, include financial self‐efficacy, financial autonomy, financial community trust and support; the financial values include materialism and financial altruism. Both the financial need and financial value constructs evidence configural invariance (similar factor structure), and factor invariance among student but not non‐student samples. The financial need constructs evidence full, and the financial value constructs evidence partial, metric (factor loading) invariance. Factor covariance invariance obtains for the financial need beliefs constructs but not the financial value constructs. Finally, neither financial need nor financial value constructs evidence scalar (intercept) invariance. These results provide partial support for extending SDT's hypothesis of universal human needs to the financial domain. In contrast, the financial value constructs of altruism and materialism are largely instable across cultures, suggesting that consumer views of giving, and the role of wealth in social status, differ between countries.     

金融去杠杆对经济增长和经济波动的影响

金融去杠杆会影响经济增长和经济波动,而金融结构变迁和金融发展水平变化可能使金融去杠杆与宏观经济之间的关联呈现出差异性.本文以全球97个国家和地区1980—2015年的年度非平衡面板数据为研究样本,实证检验了金融去杠杆对宏观经济的影响,以及金融结构变迁和金融发展水平变化对二者关联的影响.结果表明,金融去杠杆会抑制经济增长,同时加大经济波动;以资本市场为代表的直接金融的发展会弱化金融去杠杆对经济增长的负效应和对经济波动的放大效应;而金融结构的变迁和以金融中介为代表的间接金融的发展不会对金融去杠杆与宏观经济之间的关联产生影响.这表明,在金融去杠杆背景下,监管部门应采用可控的手段来稳步推进金融去杠杆进程,避免产生"处置风险的风险".与此同时,还应加快资本市场的发展,以平抑金融去杠杆对宏观经济可能带来的负面影响.