辅助方程法的推广与1+1维五阶kdv方程的精确孤立波解

本文将辅助方程法中的解的展式取为更一般的形式进而推广辅助方程法并给出1+1维非线性发展方程的精确孤立波解。     

含手续费投资组合方程连续解存在性问题讨论

本文研究了一类含手续费投资组合方程的解的连续性问题,从而转化未对一类系数退化的微分方程的连续解存在性问题的讨论,通过对特征根的分析和分部积分的方法,证明了方程在包含退化点的区间上存在连续的"通解",且在一定条件下,该通解是二阶连续的,因此该类方程的求解是有意义的.     

含手续费投资组合方程连续解存在性问题讨论

本文研究了一类含手续费投资组合方程的解的连续性问题,从而转化未对一类系数退化的微分方程的连续解存在性问题的讨论,通过对特征根的分析和分部积分的方法,证明了方程在包含退化点的区间上存在连续的“通解“,且在一定条件下,该通解是二阶连续的,因此该类方程的求解是有意义的。     

谈3为尾数的三位数平方巧算法

在３为尾数的三位数平方，有较好的方法计算，这就是巧算法，它算法特殊、简易、有规律、快速，有趣、省力、省心、省时，具体如下。（一）３为实数的三位数平方巧算法有多种（１）整１０平方补差法相邻的整数２±６×此整数＋９　　例１－　２１３２＝？解：　２１３２＝２１０２＋６×２１０＋９＝４４１００＋（２６０＋９）＝４５３６０＋９＝４５３６９所以２１３２＝４５３６９２１０２…６×２１０…９…固定数４４１００　＋１２６０　４５３６０　＋　　９　４５３６９　例２－　６２３２＝？解：　６２３２＝６２０２＋６×６２０…     

一类具耗散项高阶非线性发展方程解的渐近性质

研究了一类非线性发展方程整体解的渐近性质,利用乘子法建立了方程的渐近性定理,证明了当方程中的耗散项满足一定简单而宽泛的条件下,方程的整体强解依指数形式衰减于零。     

乘法的多解性与唯一解

我们在进行来法时，不仅要求快速准确，而且计算步骤力求简便、计算中，因各题数字的特点与规律不同，使每周出现多解性．由于我们只要求选择一种最简臣的方法，这就是唯一解．［例1）855X1433本例以855为基准数、为了达到运算规律，可将855变式为605＋250，再分路一步为：解题时，必须参照变式及位数与计数同驻进行．为了计题更加简便，可将855变式为945．因9的半数恰等于45，给计算提供了方便。B解：此例运筹比较复杂．将855变式为765＋90，而765分解文式为。这里巧妙的是，先求出15，它的半数恰为75．加在15的左3位上，算毕将第一位上加…     

会计报告、会计方程与会计误差

会计方程是会计报告的理论基石。现行会计方程以资产恒等于负债加所有者权益为核心。会计科学的本质是计量科学,计量科学的重要特征是存在计量误差。会计对资产的计量是估计与判断的结果,而估计与判断必然产生会计误差。但现行会计方程没有反映会计误差,从而影响了以会计方程为基石的会计报告的科学性和有用性。本文引入会计误差的概念,对会计基本方程进行探讨,在此基础上,对会计误差的内涵、产生与影响、会计误差与托宾q的关系等问题进行研究,旨在对会计报告改革有所帮助。     

连同数巧乘凑“10”数(下)

连同数巧乘凑“１０”数（下）邹云（７）前数相同，尾数凑“１０”之巧乘。前数相同，尾数凑“１０”之巧乘为：（前数＋１）×前数连尾数相乘之积。例１：６４×６６＝？解：（６＋１）７×６＝４２４×６＝２４所以：６４×６６＝４，２２４例２：３７×３３＝？解：（...     

一类二阶非线性变时滞微分方程解的有界性

借助辅助函数讨论了一类二阶非线性变时滞微分方程解的有界性。     

《算法统宗》的三次方程

解三次方程,古称带从开立方.我们先一般地来讨论带从开立方问题.     

Specification tests in hedonic models

Specification testing can be an effective method for addressing the considerable econometric problems present in hedonic models. In this article, we suggest the use of three different Hausman-type specification tests—tests for the hedonic price equation, each preference equation, and a system of equations—as a way of isolating the sources of misspecification in a hedonic model. Using a national data sample as an example, we illustrate the use of these tests to guide model specification in a simultaneous setting.     

A functional approach to pricing complex barrier options

In this article, a new method for pricing contingent claims, which is particularly well suited for options with complex barrier and volatility structures, is introduced. The approach is based on a high-precision approximation of the Feynman–Kac equation with distributed approximating functionals. The method is particularly well suited for long maturity valuation problems, and it is shown to be faster and more accurate than conventional solution schemes.     

微分方程稳定性理论的进一步推广

利用比较原理,讨论了微分方程dx/dt=f（t,x）的渐近稳定性问题,给出了其渐近稳定性的充分条件.     

中国保险业对经济增长的贡献和影响——基于单方程估计和系统估计的实证研究

保险业作为金融中介以及风险分散和损失补偿服务的提供者,可以通过风险管理服务和转化储蓄而形成资本积累来促进经济增长。本文运用中国31个省市在1999年～2008年的面板数据,利用多种单方程估计方法和多方程系统估计方法对保险业发展对经济增长的影响进行了计量分析。实证结果表明:在寿险业对经济增长影响的关系中,无论采用何种方法进行估计,可以得到相对统一的结论,即寿险业发展可以促进经济增长,且这种促进作用正在逐渐降低;在财险业影响经济增长的关系中,采用不同方法会得到具有一定差异的结果,结果并不稳健。     

Adjoint-based Monte Carlo calibration of financial market models

Adjoint methods have recently gained considerable importance in the finance sector, because they allow to quickly compute option sensitivities with respect to a large number of model parameters. In this paper we investigate how the efficiency of adjoint methods can be exploited to speed up the Monte Carlo-based calibration of financial market models. After analyzing the calibration problem both theoretically and numerically, we derive the associated adjoint equation and propose its application in combination with a multi-layer method, for which we prove convergence to a stationary point of the underlying optimization problem. Detailed numerical examples illustrate the performance of the method. In particular, the proposed algorithm reduces the calibration time for a typical equity market model with time-dependent model parameters from over three hours to less than ten minutes on a usual desktop PC.      

On the first hitting time density for a reducible diffusion process

In this paper, we study the classical problem of the first hitting time density to a moving boundary for a diffusion process, which satisfies the Cherkasov condition, and hence, can be reduced to a standard Wiener process. We give two complementary (forward and backward) formulations of this problem and provide semi-analytical solutions for both. By using the method of heat potentials, we show how to reduce these problems to linear Volterra integral equations of the second kind. For small values of t, we solve these equations analytically by using Abel equation approximation; for larger t we solve them numerically. We illustrate our method with representative examples, including Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes with both constant and time-dependent coefficients. We provide a comparison with other known methods for finding the hitting density of interest, and argue that our method has considerable advantages and provides additional valuable insights. We also show applications of the problem and our method in various areas of financial mathematics.     

A positive interest rate model with sticky barrier

This paper proposes an efficient model for the term structure of interest rates when the interest rate takes very small values. We make the following choices: (i) we model the short-term interest rate, (ii) we assume that once the interest rate reaches zero, it stays there and we have to wait for a random time until the rate is reinitialized to a (possibly random) strictly positive value. This setting ensures that all term rates are strictly positive.

Our objective is to provide a simple method to price zero-coupon bonds. A basic statistical study of the data at hand indeed suggests a switch to a different mode of behaviour when we get to a low level of interest rates. We introduce a variable for the time already spent at 0 (during the last stay) and derive the pricing equation for the bond. We then solve this partial integro-differential equation (PIDE) on its entire domain using a finite difference method (Cranck–Nicholson scheme), a method of characteristics and a fixed point algorithm. Resulting yield curves can exhibit many different shapes, including the S shape observed on the recent Japanese market.     

Double knock-out Asian barrier options which widen or contract as they approach maturity

Barrier options are considered for Asian options using a differential equation method. Solutions are obtained in the form of Fourier series for barriers which expand or contract as they approach maturity. Rigorous bounds are obtained. It is shown that by differentiating with respect to a parameter, solutions for more general payoffs can be obtained.     

Hyperbolic Discounting and Consumer Patience: The Case of Korea

ABSTRACT

In this article, we test whether the consumption pattern in Korea exhibits a time-inconsistent discounting behavior compared to the conventional exponential discounting. We derive the quasi-hyperbolic Euler equation and estimate it using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The estimation results show that Korean consumers exhibit a time-inconsistent quasi-hyperbolic discounting behavior in general, but the pattern of inconsistency in consumption behavior, in particular the degree of impatience, depends on the estimation period, in particular whether it includes financial crisis periods in 1997–98 and 2008–11.