战略性新兴产业集群创新网络形成机制研究——基于灰靶双边匹配的决策方法

战略性新兴产业的发展对国民经济和社会发展具有重要的战略意义，目前中国战略性新兴产业仍面临着“高端产业，低端技术”的发展困境，如何突破产业关键技术促进产业健康、可持续发展已成为亟待解决的问题。战略性新兴产业集群创新网络的形成是突破产业关键技术、共性技术及前瞻性技术的核心环节，中国正在兴起的产业技术研究院、航空高技术产业园等跨组织知识集成平台为培育和发展战略性新兴产业集群创新网络提供了重要的支撑平台。本文依托跨组织知识集成平台探究了战略性新兴产业集群创新网络的形成机制，构建了创新主体间的灰靶双边匹配模型，并采用平衡计分法建立了以创新能力为重要衡量标准的综合评价指标体系，最后通过案例进行了分析，证明了其有效性和实用性，可为促进战略性新兴产业集群创新网络的形成提供理论指导。     

How integrating industrial design in the product development process impacts on company performance

There is a growing belief that investing in industrial design is beneficial to company performance. This article sheds more light on how and when integrating industrial design in the product development process can enhance a company's competitive position. The basic premise is that the impact of industrial design on company performance is not unconditional, but dependent on industry evolution and design strategy. We opted to define industrial design in a general way, namely as the activity that transforms a set of product requirements into a configuration of materials, elements and components. This activity can have an impact on a product's appearance, user friendliness, ease of manufacture, efficient use of materials, functional performance, and so on. The empirical data incorporated in this study stems from two Dutch manufacturing industries, namely home furniture and precision instruments. Home furniture and precision instruments were selected because the strategy of integrating industrial design in the product development process is rather mature in the first‐named industry and emerging in the second. We collected data from firms investing considerably in industrial design (n = 23) and firms investing little to nothing in industrial design (n = 24), using a semistructured questionnaire that was administrated during face‐to‐face sessions with senior managers. Two out of the three research hypotheses were supported. It was found that the extent to which firms integrate industrial design in new product development projects has a significant and positive influence on company performance (Hla), in particular when the strategy of investing in industrial design is relatively new for the industry involved (Hlb). There was no systematic pattern indicating that design innovation is more important in industries where the use of design is mature than in industries where the use of design is emerging (H2). Instead, we found that design innovation has significant positive performance effects in both types of industries. One important managerial inference from our study is that new product development managers should consider the changing nature of competition during industry evolution while developing strategies that encompass the use of industrial design in new product development. Another important managerial inference is that, besides being innovative in the field of products, being innovative with respect to design and design strategy can help to enhance competitiveness regardless of industry evolution.     

论设计创意产业对我国经济转型的驱动作用

经济转型是科学发展观对我国经济活动提出的必然要求,也是一个十分紧迫而重要的课题。设计创意产业对我国经济转型的驱动作用主要表现在三个层面：一是在产业振兴层面,其可作为驱动我国制造业结构升级的强劲引擎;二是在企业运作层面,其具有将企业嵌入全球价值链高端的路径优势;三是就社会机制及价值观层面而言,工业设计所特有的创新本质将起到重构社会经济与文化体系的战略作用。因此,大力扶持发展设计创意产业,发挥其在促进产业升级、提升企业品牌中的核心作用,不但可为突破当前我国经济发展瓶颈找到一条切实可行的路径,还可为国家自主创新体系的建立提供最坚实的智力支撑。     

The role of intermediaries in cross‐industry innovation processes

In this article, we investigate the role intermediaries play in the cross‐industry innovation process. Intermediaries are external institutions that support companies in their innovative activities. They are frequently used to bridge gaps between different industries. Our research focuses on the question of which capabilities an intermediary should have in order to achieve success in initiating a cross‐industry innovation. Our empirical base consists of a survey of 107 European manufacturing companies and an analysis of six collaborative cross‐industry innovation projects. The company survey is used to identify the capabilities an intermediary should have during each of the three phases of the innovation process. The cross‐industry projects, each of which involves a Swiss or a German industrial company and an intermediary, provide us with analyzable data. We conclude our study by identifying three types of intermediary: the innovation broadener, the innovation leverager, and the innovation multiplier.     

基于行业数据的新型工业节能减排效率与技术创新研究

本文构建一种基于生产率的新型节能减排指数,测度2007～2013年我国36个工业行业的节能减排效率,并重点分析企业自主创新、国内创新溢出和国外技术引进对工业节能减排效率的影响。研究发现：我国战略性新兴产业、高新技术产业节能减排效率普遍较高,资源、资本、劳动密集型行业节能减排效率普遍较低;企业自主创新对高效率行业作用更明显,国外技术引进对低效率行业影响更突出,国内创新溢出对各行业效率的影响力度基本一致;环境规制、行业企业规模等也是影响节能减排效率的因素之一。     

产业网络成长范式研究：基于创新与互补性资产视角

施氏“产业微笑曲线”认为在成熟的产业经济中，能给产业带来高附加值的关键环节是研发设计和销售品牌环节。然而，随着产业价值链的分解，各个环节形成了大量相对独立厂商，那么原来仅仅依靠技术创新的成长范式已经远远不能够适应产业经济形势的发展，所产生的附加值也没有原来那么高。那么，产业经济需要新的成长发展范式，即企业之间根据不确定性组建产业网络，依靠互补性资产和持续创新实现产业经济的永续发展。     

深化改革开放与工业经济发展研究——2012《中国工业经济》青年作者学术研讨会观点综述

本文对2012《中国工业经济》青年作者学术研讨会暨深化改革开放与工业经济发展论坛的主要学术观点进行综述,这些观点涉及工业化与产业结构优化调整,战略性新兴产业发展,创新与工业企业竞争力,制度转型背景下的工业企业发展,工业化中的管理思想与方法等方面。文章反映了国内青年学者在深化改革开放背景下围绕工业化、新兴产业发展、工业企业创新等问题最新的理论和实践探索。     

提升东北地区优势产业自主创新能力的思考

东北地区优势产业在经济转型升级、提高竞争能力过程中,面临着自主创新能力薄弱、缺乏有效创新机制和自主创新品牌等问题.不仅阻碍了区域优势产业的后续发展、老工业基地的振兴,而且还影响人民生活水平的提高.造成这种状况的原因在于：经济增长方式粗放、自主创新投入不足、创新人才缺乏和体制机制障碍.因此,调整政府创新扶持策略、增加企业研发经费投入、完善创新人才激励机制、转变企业自主创新实现方式,是提升东北地区优势产业竞争能力的关键所在.     

The Chinese steel industry in transition: industry perspective on innovation policy

There is little empirical research on how the Chinese Government should function in innovation management, particularly during its critical period of economic transition. This study explores and investigates the Chinese Government's innovation management structure, procedures and functions by interviewing government R&D management officials and industrial innovation managers and users. Questionnaires were distributed to industrial innovation practitioners and users of new steel products to solicit their perspectives on innovation policy issues. Findings indicate that current government innovation management procedures have received a tepid welcome from the industries. While there was general agreement that the government should maintain some involvement in industrial innovation, opinions regarding just how the government should intervene differed significantly between producers and users. Producers generally favoured more indirect government involvement. Policy implications are discussed.     

新时期我国高增长行业的产业政策分析

高增长行业在推动经济增长、解决就业、促进技术进步等方面具有重要的意义。高增长行业的产业政策必须根据高增长行业自身的技术属性、初始条件和外部环境的变化进行动态的调整。本文就此提出了动态能力导向的高增长行业产业政策。与传统的产业政策相比,动态能力导向的产业政策具有动态性和创业性两方面的特征。传统产业政策的理论基础是新古典的市场失败理论,在该框架下,政府的核心功能是对产业发展进行长期计划。动态能力导向的产业政策则建构于演化理论的基础上。在该理论框架下,由于环境是不确定的、复杂的,因此,政府的作用主要不是计划,而是努力通过与企业的信息交流和互动来共同克服产业发展的障碍,并最终形成产业与环境的动态匹配;由于环境是变化的,因此,产业政策的重点不是加强既有的企业和产品,而是通过促进企业的创业性活动实现企业和产业竞争能力的培育和提升。     

基于灰色系统理论的行业特征对高技术企业技术创新能力的影响研究——以我国2006～2008年高技术产业数据为例

本文应用灰色系统理论考察行业特征对我国高技术企业技术创新能力的影响。(1)在构建的企业技术创新能力评价指标体系的基础上,采用我国2006~2008年高技术产业数据,应用整体性灰色关联分析方法识别了影响我国高技术企业技术创新能力的主要因素和次要因素;(2)应用灰色局势决策方法对我国各高技术产业的技术创新能力进行了排序;(3)应用GM(0,N)模型量化分析了行业特征对我国高技术企业技术创新能力的影响。研究结果表明:R&D密集度、技术密集度、行业开放程度、外资企业规模比重等对我国高技术企业技术创新能力的影响相对显著,而国有企业规模比重、市场集中度、本土企业消化吸收能力等对我国高技术企业技术创新能力的影响相对较弱。根据研究结论,为提升我国高技术企业的技术创新能力,本文进一步提出了针对性的政策建议。     

市场化程度对高技术产业自主创新影响的研究——基于面板分位数回归方法

基于高技术产业2003~2016年细分行业的面板数据，本文主要从政府与市场、非国有经济、产品市场和要素市场4个层面对行业市场化程度进行了描述，并运用面板分位数回归方法实证分析了市场化程度对高技术产业自主创新的影响。研究发现，市场化程度的提升既优化了创新资源的配置效率，又促进了高技术产业自主创新，但市场化程度对产业自主创新的影响存在明显的行业与分布差异性；从市场化程度的不同表现层面来看，政府与市场的关系在创新能力较高的行业更具有重要影响作用，非国有经济的发展和要素市场的发育对产业自主创新的促进作用存在一定的门槛值，而产品市场的发育对创新能力不同的高技术行业的自主创新均有正向影响，且对于创新能力高的行业，其影响更为显著。本文的研究为加快市场化改革进程以推动高技术产业的自主创新起到了积极的探索作用。     

城市规模、城市结构、产业集聚度与城市能耗

能源是城市经济发展的基础资源,在城市化的进程中,城市的人口、产业、交通、建筑等各要素决定了城市能耗的高低,它们共同形成了不同的城市规模、结构,以及产业结构。本文利用全局主成分析法与固定效应模型,分析发现我国城市发展进程中,东、中、西部城市的规模、结构、产业集聚度的差异所引致的城市能源消耗增长率完全不同。为提高能源利用效率,东部地区应继续发挥产业集聚效应和技术优势,并大力提高城市交通运行效率。同时,中部地区应加快产业结构调整和升级,加强城市用地的合理规划。西部地区则应提高城市密度,改善大而散的城市结构。     

Positioning UK research and technology organizations as outward-facing technology-bases

UK research and technology organizations (RTOs) compete globally by offering engineering, technology and innovation services. Although associated historically with specific industries, UK RTOs have expanded into nontraditional markets and sectors. This article profiles 15 UK RTOs and we suggest that UK RTOs have unique technology and innovation capabilities, which cut across industrial boundaries.     

Integrating Product Innovation and Market Development to Strengthen Long-Term Planning

The steel industries of Europe and the United States are among the worst casualties of the industrial turmoil that has shaken the economic order during the past ten years, Other heavy manufacturing industries can claim similar suffering. In this article, Bela Gold draws on his long years of experience in studying the technology, productivity, and competitive structure of such industries. He suggests that traditional planning approaches won't haul heavy industry onto a winning track. A new long-term approach, based on an integration of product innovation and market development, is needed to meet the changing pressures these industries are facing.     

我国战略性新兴产业发展研究——中国工业经济学会2011年年会学术观点综述

本文对中国工业经济学会2011年年会暨中国战略性新兴产业发展研讨会的主要学术观点进行了综述,涉及宏观经济形势、工业发展与战略性新兴产业培育,战略性新兴产业发展的基础理论研究,产业政策与战略性新兴产业发展,技术创新与战略性新兴产业发展以及产业经济学理论前沿进展等内容,反映了当前战略性新兴产业发展研究以及产业经济学理论研究的最新进展。     

Product–service innovation and performance: the role of collaborative partnerships and R&D intensity

Treating the intersection of the strategic partnerships, R&D intensity and servitisation literatures, this study explores empirically whether external collaborative service development and provision and industrial R&D intensity help to unpack the complex relation between product–service innovation (servitisation) and performance. We argue that manufacturing firms implementing services benefit from strategic partnerships with Knowledge‐Intensive Business Service (KIBS) firms. KIBS partnering provides opportunities for downsizing, externalising risks and sharing knowledge. Additionally, manufacturers in R&D‐intensive industries are more likely to benefit from implementing service provision than firms in other sectors because of industry dynamics and reduced customer uncertainty. The study surveys executives in 370 large manufacturers worldwide. Results reinforce the importance of concentric strategic partnerships to successful product–service innovation in high R&D industries.     

Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries

Companies have historically invested in large research and development departments to drive innovation and provide sustainable growth. This model, however, is eroding due to a number of factors. What is emerging is a more open model, where companies recognize that not all good ideas will come from inside the organization and not all good ideas created within the organization can be successfully marketed internally. To date, Open Innovation concepts have been regarded as relevant primarily to 'high-technology' industries, with examples that include Lucent, 3Com, IBM, Intel and Millenium Pharmaceuticals. In this article, we identify organizations in industries outside 'high technology' that are early adopters of the concept. Our findings demonstrate that many Open Innovation concepts are already in use in a wide range of industries. We document practices that appear to assist organizations adopting these concepts, and discover that Open Innovation is not ipso facto a recipe for outsourcing R&D. We conclude that Open Innovation has utility as a paradigm for industrial innovation beyond high tech to more traditional and mature industries.     

Technological and non-technological innovations,performance and propensity to innovate across industries: The case of an emerging economy

Innovation in a firm may be non-technological, such as organizational and marketing innovation, and technological, such as product and process innovation. The aim of this article is to explore how different types of innovation affect the innovation development of the firm across industries. We chose Chile as an emerging market context. Our results show that only product innovations affect significantly innovation performance across industries. However, different types of propensities to innovate are affected differently by technological and non-technological innovations. We discuss implications for managers and policy makers in emerging economies, in which data tends to be scarce to develop new policy models and increase the effect of non-technological innovation on innovative performance.     

中国工业转型升级效果评价研究

中国长期以来高能耗与高排放的粗放式发展方式已难以为继,工业转型升级迫在眉睫。本文首先梳理工业转型升级相关研究进展,设计与构建出囊括经济效益、技术创新、结构优化、绿色驱动等四大类要素的工业转型升级效果评价指标体系。然后借鉴PCA方法,利用1999～2014年23个工业行业的面板数据,测算中国工业转型升级效果指数,并剖析效果指数的变化情况以及行业异质性特征。