生态循环膜生物反应器在农村污水处理中的应用

农村生活污水收集率与处理率偏低，其治理迫在眉睫。本文开展试验，将生态循环膜生物反应器(ECR)应用于农村生活污水处理中。结果表明，进水化学需氧量(COD_Cr)、氨氮、总磷(TP)的平均浓度分别为300 mg/L、24 mg/L和10 mg/L，设备出水浓度分别为16.3 mg/L、0.29 mg/L和0.42 mg/L。运行时，污泥浓度为8 000～12 000 mg/L，跨膜压差上升速率约为0.5 kPa/d，在线维护性清洗周期为14 d，排泥周期为20 d。ECR将立体生态技术与传统膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺相结合，具有处理效果好、产泥量少等优点，适用于农村分散式污水处理。     

鸟粪石沉淀法在汽油精炼废水中的应用

针对汽油精炼废水中C／N低的特点,研究了鸟粪石沉淀法对后续生化工艺的影响。实验选择硫酸镁和磷酸二氢钾作为沉淀剂,比较了不同pH值和硫化物浓度下氨氮的去除率。实验表明,在pH值为11、Mg^2＋：NH^4＋：PO4^3-（摩尔比）为6：3：4时,氨氮去除率最高,出水氨氮浓度低于30mg／L。硫离子存在能够形成协同沉淀,有效提高氨氮的去除率。鸟粪石沉淀法能够将C／N比提高到20：1左右．强化了后续生化处理工艺的出水水质。最终出水氨氮小于10mg／L,COD。低于50mg／L,达到回用要求。     

流砂微絮凝过滤工艺在城市污水深度处理中的应用研究

采用流砂微絮凝过滤工艺对上海某污水厂的二级处理出水进行深度处理.试验结果表明,在反应时间为5 min、PAFC加药量3.1 mg/L时,流砂微絮凝过滤工艺对浊度、TP、氨氮以及CODCr的去除率分别达到77.5%、57.6%、19.0%和26.8%,粒径分析表明微絮凝过滤对颗粒污染物有良好的去除效果.     

氨氮废水的电渗析处理研究

采用电渗析法处理氨氖废水，对工艺条件进行了优化研究，在实验室条件下得到工艺参数。电渗析电压为55v，进水流量为24L／h，氨氮废水进水电导率为2920μs／cm，氨氮浓度为534.59mg／L。出水室浓水和淡水各占19％和81％，浓水和淡水的电导率分别为14000μs／cm和11.8μs／cm，氨氮含量分别为2700mg／L和13mg／L。该电渗析装置处理后的氨氮废水达到排放标准，可以满足回用要求。     

平板式陶瓷膜在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

基于平板式陶瓷膜(微纳瓷膜NanoMem),本文采用了厌氧处理+膜生物反应器(MBR)+纳滤工艺(NF)对垃圾渗滤液进行处理。进水处化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、总氮(TN)含量分别为1963 mg/L,21.86 mg/L,31.88 mg/L,经过处理后,出水口浓度分别降低到579.9mg/L,9.29mg/L,19.12mg/L,去除率分别为70.5%,57.5%,40.0%。同时,可有效去除渗滤液中的固体悬浮物和大分子,出水透明澄清。     

臭氧在饮用水处理过程中的应用

地下水源污染日益严重。将臭氧-活性炭-纳滤膜应用于浅层地下水的净化中，该工艺能有效地去除地下水中的有机污染物，臭氧对地下水中CODMn,UV254、TOC等有机物综合指标去除率平均为13％、15％、17％，臭氧一活性炭联用后时CODMn和UV254的去除效率分别为64％、69．8％、64％，纳滤膜对CODMn和UV254、TOC的去除效率分别为58％、65％、65％。     

A3/O+MBBR污水处理站在我国北方农村的工程应用研究

目前，缺氧(预脱硝)-厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A³/O)工艺和移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)已经广泛应用于污水处理领域，可以进行组合运用。本文以我国北方某农村污水处理工程为例，分析了A³/O+MBBR污水处理站在冬季低温条件下的处理效果及运行成本。冬季运行期间，出水化学需氧量(COD)、悬浮物(SS)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、总氮(TN)与总磷(TP)的均值分别为27.67 mg/L、7.16 mg/L、2.92 mg/L、9.50 mg/L与0.34 mg/L，出水各项主要指标均稳定控制在《农村生活污水排放标准》(DB13/2171—2020)的一级A标准限值以内。处理规模30～200 t/d的污水处理站工程费用为1.29万～4.82万元/t，以设备购置费为主，冬季运行成本为0.92～1.45元/t，以电耗为主，人工成本及污泥处置成本较低。     

臭氧催化氧化-BAC深度处理燃料乙醇废水的中试研究

某燃料乙醇企业生化尾水采用臭氧催化氧化-生物活性炭(BAC)组合工艺进行深度处理.本试验考察了O3反应时间、O3投加量和BAC停留时间对废水化学需氧量(COD)、色度、氨氮去除率的影响.结果表明,当进水COD为245～275 mg/L,色度为16～64倍,氨氮为9～13 mg/L时,在臭氧催化反应时间40 min、投加...     

聚丙烯酰胺助滤试验研究

实验以硫酸铝作为混凝剂,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为助滤剂处理低浊度水,硫酸铝投量3～9 mg/L,PHP投量0.0008～0.0125mg/L,出水浊度3度以内,平均滤速10m/h.试验表明,聚丙烯酰胺用作助滤剂处理浊度为20～30度的原水可以达到良好的效果.     

改良A2O工艺在两级生物滤池改造中的应用

厌氧生物滤池(AF)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)均属于生物膜法污水处理工艺，可以实现脱氮除磷。改造前，某城镇污水处理厂采用两级生物滤池(AF+BAF)组合工艺处理生活污水，冬季水温低至10℃左右，进水氨氮浓度超过60 mg/L，原工艺出水总氮浓度在20 mg/L以上，不满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准要求。本次改造采用改良厌氧缺氧好氧池(A²O)+竖流式沉淀池+高效沉淀池+反硝化滤池的组合工艺强化脱氮除磷，出水水质能够稳定达标。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

文化传播中电视暴力对青少年侵犯行为的影响

伴随当代传媒产业的蓬勃发展,暴力也成为影视艺术基本的叙事类型及消费主义文化日趋盛行的现实语境。＂电视暴力＂是作为＂媒介暴力＂的一个子概念存在的;从文化传播看电视暴力,其覆盖面大,且易于接触;电视暴力对受众特别是青少年的影响巨大而深刻。要从制作者、传播者和观众三个方面的自律出发,建立适应我国国情的影视分级制。     

理性与先验的完美整合——论笛卡尔的"上帝"观

笛卡尔是西方近代主体性哲学的先驱,是近代唯理论学说的创始人,他使人们从中世纪宗教势力的禁锢中解放了出来.虽然"上帝"这个被人们视为理性最大敌人的概念在他的哲学中大量存在,但他极力证明上帝存在的最终目的却是为了证明理性的伟大;作为真理化身的上帝,归根到底是为他的理性主义服务的.