企业数字化转型与杠杆操纵

企业杠杆操纵行为会增加企业财务风险和系统性金融风险。从信息互补视角的实证分析表明，企业数字化转型能显著降低其杠杆操纵程度，且数字化转型对弱银企关联型企业杠杆操纵的抑制作用更显著。机制检验表明，数字化转型提高了弱银企关联型企业公开信息透明度，缓解了融资约束，抑制了企业杠杆操纵行为。进一步分析发现，媒体关注度、研发投入和银企关联强度在企业数字化转型对其杠杆操纵的影响中发挥了调节作用。经济后果分析表明，企业数字化转型调整了弱银企关联型企业杠杆结构，促进企业“脱虚向实”，且优化了银行信贷资源配置效率，降低了银行对抵押品的依赖。上述结论不仅从信息互补视角厘清了企业数字化转型抑制企业杠杆操纵的路径，更为深化企业数字化转型、推动银行金融科技发展并促进数字技术与实体经济深度融合提供了有益参考。     

政治关联、融资约束与资本结构周期性变动

政治关联在一定程度上决定了企业面临的融资约束程度,进而影响企业资本结构的周期性变动,基于此,本文比较分析了面临弱融资约束的国企、有政治关联的民企及面临强融资约束的无政治关联民企三类企业资本结构的周期性变动特征,剖析了其呈现不同特征的原因,并探讨了融资约束对资本结构周期性变动的影响。研究表明,有政治关联的民企资本结构呈顺经济周期特征,与此相反,同样面临弱融资约束的国企,资本结构却呈逆经济周期特征,可能原因在于国企资本结构决策并未站在所有者利益角度、承担了较多政策性职能以及国有资本要求回报率过低等。由于受到强融资约束,不具有政治关联的民企资本结构并未表现出顺周期特征,这说明融资约束确实限制了企业最优资本结构的实现。此外,针对不同行业及不同期限债务的研究发现,基建投资类行业国企资本结构逆经济周期特征尤为明显,短期借款呈顺周期特征,而长期借款呈逆周期特征。     

我国农业上市公司的政治关联与融资便利性

本文以社会资本理论为切入点，实证分析政治关联对我国农业上市公司获取银行信贷融资及其期限结构的影响。以1996—2010年间在沪深两地上市的农业企业为样本，以董事长是否现在或曾经担任政府官员、人大代表、政协委员来判断政治关联。检验结果发现，农业上市公司的政治关联与银行贷款数量显著正相关；政治关联所带来的融资便利性，更多表现为获取银行的短期贷款。研究表明，政治关联作为一种特殊的社会资本，能够作为非正式制度帮助农业企业获得银行信贷支持。     

对企业融资结构的理性思考

本文首先解释了企业融资结构的含义,并且介绍了20世纪以来在该领域的主要理论及西方国家的实践情况。然后在分析我国的银企关系的基础上,提出最优的企业融资结构应该是存在的,而我国资本市场的发展为高效的融资结构提供了可能性。但是可能性不等于现实性。目前无论是资本市场的改革还是商业银行的改革都任重道远。     

资本错配、融资约束与企业研发投入——来自中国高新技术上市公司的经验证据

企业研发能够推动技术进步和创新,是当前我国供给侧结构性改革的核心动力。基于2010—2017年中国高新技术上市公司年报数据,检验资本错配和融资约束对企业研发投入的影响。结果发现:资本错配对企业研发投入存在抑制效应;融资约束不仅对企业研发具有直接负向影响,还会强化资本错配对研发投入的抑制效应,但上述融资约束的影响仅在非国有企业中存在,对国有企业没有显著影响。因此,针对不同所有制企业提供多渠道融资体系,提高资金配置效率,降低企业融资成本,有利于推动企业创新和供给侧改革。     

资本错配、融资约束与企业研发投入

企业研发能够推动技术进步和创新，是当前我国供给侧结构性改革的核心动力。基于2010—2017年中国高新技术上市公司年报数据，检验资本错配和融资约束对企业研发投入的影响。结果发现：资本错配对企业研发投入存在抑制效应；融资约束不仅对企业研发具有直接负向影响，还会强化资本错配对研发投入的抑制效应，但上述融资约束的影响仅在非国有企业中存在，对国有企业没有显著影响。因此，针对不同所有制企业提供多渠道融资体系，提高资金配置效率，降低企业融资成本，有利于推动企业创新和供给侧改革。     

债务融资对公司治理的影响

资本结构中股权资本和债务资本是现代公司制企业两种最基本的,也是最主要的资本来源,同时也代表着资金所有者对企业的两种不同的治理方式.由于我国企业的融资具有“内源融资“的性质,因此债务融资在公司治理中就不能发挥有效的作用.建立新型的银企关系,强化债务融资在我国公司治理中的作用.     

宏观冲击下企业资本结构的动态调整

本文从理论和经验两方面研究宏观冲击对我国上市公司融资选择和资本结构动态调整行为的影响。构建的资本结构动态调整模型表明,作为外生宏观冲击,信贷市场和权益市场的数量性和成本性指标的变动,对企业选择负债还是权益融资以及由此形成的资本结构具有重要影响;经验研究结果表明,经济环境与宏观政策的波动通过改变企业面临的信贷融资环境和权益融资环境进而影响资本结构的动态调整。这种影响对不同资产规模的企业存在差异。大企业的信贷获得能力强,向目标资本结构调整的速度快,但对信贷成本的关注度相对较低。相反,小企业信贷获得的竞争力较弱,对成本指标的变动更为敏感。股权融资方面,权益市场扩张使得企业通过上市首发、增发、配股等途径获得权益资本的机会更多,但股市收益率对企业资本结构影响的经济意义不显著。     

中国上市公司资本结构与融资方式分析

资本结构理论是基于实现企业价值最大化或股东财富最大化的目标，研究企业资本结构中债务资本和权益资本的比例变化对企业价值的影响。本文阐述了现代西方资本结构理论中的MM理论，权衡模型，激励理论，非对称信息论和控制理论的内容。在此基础上结合中国的实际情况分析了中国企业特别是上市公司偏好股权融资的现象，并对影响中国上市公司融资偏好的原因及股权融资偏好的影响进行了剖析。     

上市公司资本结构及融资效应分析

资本结构是财务理论中一个重要并且非常复杂的问题,而且企业相关利益者的权利和义务也集中体现在资本结构方面,因此,资本结构对企业价值有重大影响,合理的资本结构有利于规范企业行为、提高企业的价值,进而影响企业的融资效应.本文通过对我国新能源产业上市公司的资本结构及融资效应的分析,明确了资本结构与融资效应之间的相互关系.合理有效的资本结构有助于提高企业的融资效应.提高企业的综合竞争力.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.