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1.
Marc J. C. Burger 《Quality and Quantity》2008,42(4):541-562
This paper covers the main findings of the doctoral research that was concerned with seeking to extend aspects of dilemma
theory. In professional practice, the Trompenaars Hampden-Turner Dilemma Reconciliation ProcessTM is a vehicle delivering dilemma theory in application. It informs a manager or leader on how to explore the dilemmas they
face, how to reconcile the tensions that result, and how to structure the action steps for implementing the reconciled solutions.
This vehicle forms the professional practice of the author who seeks to bring more rigor to consulting practice and thereby
also contribute to theory development in the domain. The critical review of dilemma theory reveals that previous authors are
inconsistent and variously invalid in their use of the terms ‘dilemma theory,’ ‘dilemma methodology,’ ‘dilemma process,’ ‘dilemma
reconciliation,’ etc., and therefore an attempt is made to resolve these inconsistencies by considering whether ‘dilemmaism’
at the meta-level might be positioned as a new paradigm of inquiry for (management) research that embodies ontological, epistemological,
and methodical premises that frame an approach to the resolution of real world business problems in (multi) disciplinary;
(multi) functional and (multi) cultural business environments. This research offers contributions to knowledge, professional
practice and theory development from the exploration of the SPID model as a way to make the elicitation of dilemmas more rigorous
and structured and in the broader context of exploring ‘dilemmaism’ as a new paradigm of inquiry. 相似文献
2.
This study is based on the SERVQUAL model and the Plan-Do-Check-Action (P-D-C-A) cycle of TQM to establish a higher education
quality management system. In this system, it includes ‘Plan’ and ‘Do’ dimensions to execute ten factors, each dimension complements
with each other. The ‘Check’ dimension has four factors and the ‘Action’ dimension has three factors. Each execution factors
of the quality management system could reduce the occurrence of five gaps in the SERVQUAL model and facilitate education providers
to provide a better service quality. Education providers strengthen an education system by carefully planning and implementation
of quality auditing and continuous improvement. The desired result of this study is to possess a more explicit framework for
high education industry and provide a proper service for students. 相似文献
3.
“Trilemmas”: Characterising the Japanese Concept of “amae” with a Three-Way Forced-Ranking Technique
A ‘trilemma’ procedure is introduced for collecting ‘dominance data’ (i.e. rankings of a set of items along a scale of relevance,
preference, etc.). Trilemmas are three-way forced choices where the three items comprising each trilemma are selected on the
basis of a multidimensional scaling solution (MDS) for the item set, ensuring that each choice is as stark and informative
as possible. A questionnaire designed on this principle is easily understood and rapidly administered. The data are convenient
to record and show less fluctuation among informants than existing techniques. We demonstrate the procedure with a set of
45 short generalisations about behaviour, designed for assessing child attachment. A three-dimensional ‘map’ of these items
was obtained by applying MDS to multiple sets of similarity data. The same structure emerged from English-language and Japanese
translations of the items. Thirty trilemmas based on this map were used to rank the items by degree of association with the
Japanese concept of amae, characterising the concept in terms of its behavioural correlates. 相似文献
4.
Tomas Hellström 《Quality and Quantity》2008,42(3):321-337
Interpretative qualitative social science has attempted to distinguish itself from quantitative social science by rejecting
traditional or ‘received’ notions of generalization. Traditional concepts of scientific generalization it is claimed are based
on a misguided objectivism as to the mechanisms operating in the social world, and particularly the ability of statements
to capture such mechanisms in any abstract sense. Instead they propose new versions of the generalizability concept e.g. ‘transferability’,
which relies on the context dependent judgement of ‘fit’ between two or more cases instances made by a researcher. This paper
argues that the transferability concept, as outlined and argued by interpretativist methodologists, is thoroughly coextensive
with notions of generalizability formalized for natural science and naturalistic social science by philosophers and methodologists
of science. Therefore, it may be concluded that the interpretativist claim to a break with received scientific traditions
is a premature one, at least with regard to the issue of generalization. 相似文献
5.
In this study it will be argued that the perceived distribution of opinions among others is important for opinion research.
Three different ways of measuring the perception of opinion distributions in survey research are compared: (a) by means of
a questionwhat most people think about an issue, (b) by means of a questionhow many people are perceived to agree with an issue-statement, (c) by means of ‘line-production-boxes’, a special version ofmagnitude estimation. The results indicate that ‘line-production-boxes’ can improve data quality, but have also some drawbacks which will have
to be dealt with. ‘Line-production-boxes’ give a wealth of information about individual differences in the forms of perceived
opinion distributions. Although the normal distribution is used often, many other distribution forms are also used. The method
of ‘line-production-boxes’ is compared with the method of estimating percentage points. Although high correlations suggest
a good concurrent validity, some systematic differences do exist. New research directions are suggested. 相似文献
6.
The cultural theory pioneered by Dame Mary Douglas has been tested with a range of research methods, but it has not yet been made subject to a ‘structured observation’. This method has been developed in psychology and management studies, and is especially useful for testing cultural theory’s prediction that fatalistic, hierarchical, egalitarian, and individualistic ways of perceiving and justifying tend to emerge in group debates about pressing social and environmental issues. We present the results of a structured observation of this prediction. Groups of high school students (aged 17–19) were asked for their opinions concerning three to five ‘wicked’ (i.e., highly complex) problems, and to discuss how to resolve them. Each utterance was coded according to the rationalities proposed by cultural theory. The results confirm cultural theory’s hypothesis that all four specific ways of defining, perceiving and resolving a wicked problem emerge when a number of people debate such an issue. We also discuss how Douglas’ cultural theory can be further developed and tested. Finally, we use our study to outline how the method of structured observation can contribute to political culture research in general. 相似文献
7.
Cinzia Meraviglia Giulia Massini Daria Croce Massimo Buscema 《Quality and Quantity》2006,40(5):825-859
The paper is a preliminary research report and presents a method for generating new records using an evolutionary algorithm
(close to but different from a genetic algorithm). This method, called Pseudo-Inverse Function (in short P-I Function), was
designed and implemented at Semeion Research Centre (Rome). P-I Function is a method to generate new (virtual) data from a
small set of observed data. P-I Function can be of aid when budget constraints limit the number of interviewees, or in case
of a population that shows some sociologically interesting trait, but whose small size can seriously affect the reliability
of estimates, or in case of secondary analysis on small samples.
The applicative ground is given by research design with one or more dependent and a set of independent variables. The estimation
of new cases takes place according to the maximization of a fitness function and outcomes a number as large as needed of ‘virtual’
cases, which reproduce the statistical traits of the original population. The algorithm used by P-I Function is known as Genetic Doping Algorithm (GenD), designed and implemented by Semeion Research Centre; among its features there is an innovative crossover procedure,
which tends to select individuals with average fitness values, rather than those who show best values at each ‘generation’.
A particularly thorough research design has been put on: (1) the observed sample is half-split to obtain a training and a
testing set, which are analysed by means of a back propagation neural network; (2) testing is performed to find out how good
the parameter estimates are; (3) a 10% sample is randomly extracted from the training set and used as a reduced training set;
(4) on this narrow basis, GenD calculates the pseudo-inverse of the estimated parameter matrix; (5) ‘virtual’ data are tested
against the testing data set (which has never been used for training).
The algorithm has been proved on a particularly difficult ground, since the data set used as a basis for generating ‘virtual’
cases counts only 44 respondents, randomly sampled from a broader data set taken from the General Social Survey 2002. The
major result is that networks trained on the ‘virtual’ resample show a model fit as good as the one of the observed data,
though ‘virtual’ and observed data differ on some features. It can be seen that GenD ‘refills’ the joint distribution of the
independent variables, conditioned by the dependent one.
This paper is the result of deep collaboration among all authors. Cinzia Meraviglia wrote § 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8; Giulia Massini
wrote §5; Daria Croce performed some elaborations with neural networks and linear regression; Massimo Buscema wrote §2. 相似文献
8.
F. Pablo Holgado-Tello M. Ángel Carrasco-Ortiz María Victoria del Barrio-Gándara Salvador Chacón-Moscoso 《Quality and Quantity》2009,43(1):75-85
Although the Big Five Questionnaire for children (BFQ-C) (C. Barbaranelli et al., Manuale del BFQ-C. Big Five Questionnaire
Children, O.S. Organizazioni, Firenze, 1998) is an ordinal scale, its dimensionality has often been studied using factor analysis
with Pearson correlations. In contrast, the present study takes this ordinal metric into account and examines the dimensionality
of the scale using factor analysis based on a matrix of polychoric correlations. The sample comprised 852 subjects (40.90%
boys and 59.10% girls). As in previous studies the results obtained through exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor
structure (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional instability and openness). However, the results of the
confirmatory factor analysis were consistent with both a four and five-factor structure, the former showing a slightly better
fit and adequate theoretical interpretation. These data confirm the need for further research as to whether the factor ‘Openness’
should be maintained as an independent factor (five-factor model), or whether it would be best to omit it and distribute its
items among the factors ‘Extraversion’ and ‘Conscientiousness’ (four-factor model). 相似文献
9.
Colin C. Williams John Round 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(4):497-513
Despite the growing recognition that many entrepreneurs conduct some or all of their trade off-the-books, few have evaluated
whether there are variations in the rationales of men and women engaging in this shadow enterprise culture. Reporting face-to-face
interviews with 331 entrepreneurs in Ukraine during 2005–06, of whom 90 per cent operated partially or wholly off-the-books,
the finding is that women are largely ‘reluctant’ entrepreneurs and men more commonly chiefly ‘willing’ entrepreneurs, although
both motives are normally co-present to differing degrees in entrepreneurs’ explanations and their relative importance changes
over time. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for both further research and public policy. 相似文献
10.
Bruce Hollingsworth 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2012,37(1):1-5
This paper discusses ways forward in terms of making efficiency measurement in the area of health care more useful. Options
are discussed in terms of the potential introduction of guidelines for the undertaking of studies in this area, in order to
make them more useful to policy makers and those involved in service delivery. The process of introducing such guidelines
is discussed using the example of the development of guidelines in economic evaluation of health technologies. This presents
two alternative ways forward—‘revolution’, the establishment of a panel to establish initial guidelines, or ‘evolution’—the
more gradual development of such guidelines over time. The third alternative of ‘status quo’, representing the current state
of play, is seen as the base case scenario. It is concluded that although we are quite a way on in terms of techniques and
publications, perhaps revolution, followed by evolution is the way forward. 相似文献
11.
A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) cost minimization model is employed to estimate the cost to thrift institutions of achieving a rating of ‘outstanding’ under the anti-redlining Community Reinvestment Act, which is viewed as an act of voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). There is no difference in overall cost efficiency between ‘outstanding’ and minimally compliant ‘satisfactory’ thrifts. However, the sources of cost inefficiency do differ, and an ‘outstanding’ rating involves annual extra cost of $6.547 million or, 1.2% of total costs. This added cost is the shadow price of CSR since it is not an explicit output or input in the DEA cost model. Before and after-tax rates of return are the same for the ‘outstanding’ and ‘satisfactory’ thrifts, which implies a recoupment of the extra cost. The findings are consistent with CSR as a management choice based on balancing marginal cost and marginal revenue. An incidental finding is that larger thrifts are less efficient.
相似文献
Donald F. VitalianoEmail: Phone: +1-518- 276-8093 |
12.
Weiyong Zhang Arthur V. Hill Roger G. Schroeder Kevin W. Linderman 《Operations Management Research》2008,1(1):40-52
Process improvement programs such as Six Sigma, Lean, and Lean Sigma are very important and deserve serious academic research
attention. However, definition problems make it difficult to study any specific type of process improvement program. Therefore,
this study defines two organizational level program management factors, Strategic Project Selection (SPS) and Project Management
Infrastructure (PMI), that are independent of any specific process improvement program. Drawing upon current literature, this
study develops and tests theoretical models that relate SPS and PMI to operational performance improvement and to each other.
Using empirical data collected from 53 supplier plants of one large high-tech firm, this study finds that at the plant level,
SPS mediates the relationship between PMI and operational performance improvement. This insight contributes to both theory
development and practice, suggesting that a viable strategy for a process improvement program’s success is to focus on PMI
in order to enhance SPS and ultimately improve performance.
Not to be reproduced or quoted without written permission from the authors. 相似文献
13.
Postulating a linear regression of a variable of interest on an auxiliary variable with values of the latter known for all
units of a survey population, we consider appropriate ways of choosing a sample and estimating the regression parameters.
Recalling Thomsen’s (1978) results on non-existence of ‘design-cum-model’ based minimum variance unbiased estimators of regression
coefficients we apply Brewer’s (1979) ‘asymptotic’ analysis to derive ‘asymptotic-design-cummodel’ based optimal estimators
assuming large population and sample sizes. A variance estimation procedure is also proposed. 相似文献
14.
Within the class of weighted averages of ordered measurements on criteria of ‘equal importance’, we discuss aggregators that help assess to what extent ‘most’ criteria are
satisfied, or a ‘good performance across the board’ is attained. All aggregators discussed are compromises between the simple
mean and the very demanding minimum score. The weights of the aggregators are described in terms of the convex polytopes as
induced by the characteristics of the aggregators, such as concavity. We take the barycentres of the polytopes as representative
weights. 相似文献
15.
Consistent with Mahoney and Pandian's (1992) vision of the resource-based view as the emergent language for conversations
within strategic management, this paper has employed a resource-based framework in integrating and interpreting identified
influences on export performance. Aggregate evidence suggests the critical importance of several resource-related factors,
including having top management staff with relevant experiential, orientational and attitudinal resources; ‘co-locating’ within
resource-supporting clusters; possessing organisational-wide capabilities in export-related knowledge development and planning,
product innovation, and quality service delivery; and leveraging strategically-relevant resources embodied in external partners.
The theoretical, managerial, policy, and future research implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Peter Siminski 《Quality and Quantity》2008,42(4):477-490
Batteries of questions with identical response items are commonly used in survey research. This paper suggests that question
order has the potential to cause systematic positive or negative bias on responses to all questions in a battery. Whilst question
order effects have been studied for many decades, almost no attention has been given to this topic. The primary aim is to
draw attention to this effect, to demonstrate its possible magnitude, and to discuss a range of mechanisms through which it
might occur. These include satisficing, anchoring and cooperativeness. The effect seems apparent in the results of a recent
survey. This was a survey of Emergency Department patients presenting to Wollongong Hospital (Australia) with apparently less
urgent conditions in 2004. Two samples were taken. Question order was fixed in the first sample (n = 104; response rate RR2 = 94%), but randomised in the second sample (n = 46; response rate RR2 = 96%). Respondents were asked to indicate whether each of 18 reasons for presenting to the ED was
a ‘very important reason’ a ‘moderately important reason’ or ‘not a reason’ The mean number of very important reasons selected
was 56% higher in the first sample as compared to the second sample. 相似文献
17.
Applying fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) to identify solutions of service delivery system for port of Kaohsiung 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main purpose of this paper is to apply fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) model to identify solutions of service
delivery system (SDS) for port of Kaohsiung from the viewpoints of customers. At first, to facilitate the main issue of the
QFD problem, however, the ‘what’ question of customer needs and ‘how’ problem of the services have to be made, which are two
major components and be emphasized on the house of quality (HOQ) matrices. In conjunction with fuzzy sets theory, hence, the
systematic procedures using fuzzy QFD were proposed in this paper. Subsequently, a case study for port of Kaohsiung demonstrated
the systematic appraisal process for identifying solutions of SDS. The results of empirical study show that (1) 10 key factors
are deemed as to have priority to improve the quality of SDS for Kaohsiung port; and (2) eight feasible solutions for improving
service quality performance are identified. Moreover, it is suggested that port Authority of Kaohsiung should listen attentively
the voice of customers and emphasize on exploiting these customer requirements effectively. And then develop the ‘how’ issues
of profiles of solutions, which should continuously strengthen the perspectives of customer, internal business process, and
learning and growth, respectively. 相似文献
18.
Stefanie Eifler 《Quality and Quantity》2007,41(2):303-318
In this paper, the validity of vignette analyses of various forms of deviant behavior in the presence of opportunities is
analyzed on the basis of ideas derived from cognitive psychology. Abelson’s Script Theory together with insights into human
memory of visual and verbal information, allow the assumption that vignette analyses using visual stimuli are valid measures
of deviant behavior in particular. The study includes an empirical examination of these ideas (n = 450). Nonparticipant observations and vignette analyses with visual and verbal material were carried out with regard to
three forms of deviant behavior occurring in the presence of opportunities presenting themselves in everyday life. Observed
and self-reported frequencies of deviant behavior or deviant intentions were counted and cross-tabulated. Log-linear analyses
with dummy coding using observation data as reference category were run. Data analyses yielded the result that frequencies
of deviant behavior were related to the techniques of data collection under consideration. Especially vignette analyses of
the return of ‘lost letters’ that use both visual and verbal stimuli overestimate ‘actual’ (i.e. observed) return rates. This
result is discussed with regard to the underlying methodological assumptions as well as its implications. 相似文献
19.
Erdal Atukeren 《Quality and Quantity》2008,42(6):835-844
This paper takes a closer look at the conceptual grounds of the notion of causality in Granger’s sense. We start with the
often jokingly made remark that ‘Christmas card sales Granger-cause Christmas’. Then, we extend the example to the more challenging
case of chocolate Easter bunny sales and Easter. We show that any references to Granger-causality in these cases are due to
the misinterpretation of the concept. Moving further on methodological grounds, we argue that the concept of Granger-causality
calls for a multivariate framework of analysis. This is because taking all available relevant information into account is
indeed required in Granger’s definition of causality. This is also in line with rational behaviour and learning under imperfect
and incomplete information. The implications of employing a multivariate framework of analysis is discussed in terms of the
additional insights it brings; namely, direct, indirect, and spurious cases of Granger-causality. Finally, we examine the
semantics of the definition of causality in Granger’s sense.
相似文献
20.
Roel Popping 《Quality and Quantity》2007,41(5):691-709
The concept of knowledge graphs is introduced as a method to represent the state of the art in a specific scientific discipline.
Next the text analysis part in the construction of such graphs is considered. Here the ‘translation’ from text to graph takes
place. The method that is used here is compared to methods used in other approaches in which texts are analysed. 相似文献