山东省4A级及以上旅游景区空间分布与经济发展关系研究

本文以山东235个4A级及以上旅游景区为研究样本,运用ArcGIS10.3分析山东省4A级及以上旅游景区空间分布特征、空间分布均衡性以及空间分布密度,并分析经济发展对景区空间分布的影响。研究结论如下:①山东省4A级及以上旅游景区在空间分布上表现为集聚分布态势,其在鲁南地区分布比例最高,鲁西地区分布比例最少。②山东省4A级及以上旅游景区呈现出不均衡分布态势,空间密度呈现出两个高密度区,一个次高密度区。③经济发展水平会影响山东省4A级及以上旅游景区的分布与发展。     

四川省高等级景区空间分布特征及影响因素

为分析四川省高等级景区的空间格局,以四川省的839处高等级景区(3A、4A和5A级景区)为研究对象,借助Arcgis10.8工具,通过最邻近点指数、核密度分析等方法,从人文和自然两个角度,分析四川省高等级景区的空间结构及影响因素;根据结果,四川省高等级景区存在明显的分布不均,以成都市为核心的东部地区在景区数量和密度上都远超中西部地区,旅游景区分布受交通、水文因素和城市发达程度影响较为明显,整体空间分布呈明显正相关。     

贵州省红、绿、古色旅游景区空间结构与相关性分析及优化

对贵州省3A级及以上高等级旅游景区为研究对象,按照景区主要属性将其划分为红、绿、古色旅游景区,运用最邻近指数、核密度分析以及空间自相关分析研究其空间分布特征。结果表明：(1)贵州省高等级红色旅游景区空间分布为随机型,绿、古色旅游景区空间分布为集聚型,其中古色旅游景区集聚程度最大;(2)贵州省各类型高等级旅游景区空间分布密度总体呈现“西北多东南少”的分布特征,红色旅游景区呈“一核两点”的分布特征,绿色旅游景区呈“两核多点”的分布特征,古色旅游景区主要围绕具有历史文化底蕴的城市分布;(3)贵州省各类型高等级旅游景区之间均存在较弱的空间自相关,热点区主要位于黔西北地区,黔西南、黔南、黔东南位于冷点区。最后,基于上述研究结果,从红、绿、古色专项旅游发展的角度提出贵州省各类型高等级旅游景区空间分布优化的建议。     

基于POI数据的山东省酒店空间布局特征及影响因素研究

利用山东省31 302条酒店PIO数据,借助ArcGIS10.7软件揭示山东省酒店空间布局特征及影响因素。研究结果显示,山东省酒店呈现集聚分布,且呈现“济南、青岛两中心大集聚、其他地市中心城区高度集聚”和由市中心向外围扩散的空间分布格局;各地市之间分布差异较大,各区县分布不均衡;影响山东省酒店分布的关键因素为人口数量、一般公共预算收入、人均可支配收入、A级旅游景区的数量,人均GDP对酒店分布的影响不大。     

基于百度指数的三亚市5A级景区网络关注度时空特征分析

网络关注度对游客的出行前兆具有预测性，能够帮助指导旅游管理部门提前预警并做出科学合理的决策与规划，助推旅游业可持续发展。以海南省龙头旅游城市三亚为研究对象，基于百度指数，通过提取三亚市3家5A级滨海型旅游景区2012—2021年百度指数日样本，并运用季节集中度指数、地域集中度指数、赫芬达尔指数、首位度指数等指标从时间分布特征、空间分布特征两个角度对三亚市5A景区网络关注特征进行研究，并对其影响因素进行剖析。研究发现：三亚5A景区近5年来的网络关注度整体呈逐年下降的趋势；三亚市5A级景区的网络关注度受季节变化较为明显，冬季、初春、暑假、国庆小长假、春节小长假是旅游的高峰期，其中2月是一年中网络关注度的峰值；节假日期间反映出网络关注度对游客出游动态具有“前置”效应，并可能存在游客“错峰”出行的现象；空间分布具有集聚性，其中以海南省内、海南省周围地区以及经济较为发达的地区对三亚市5A景区关注度较高；空间直线距离、相对湿度差、平均温度差、气候舒适度对三亚市风景区网络关注度的影响较大。     

山西省乡村旅游发展空间分异与影响因素探测——以AAA级乡村旅游示范村为例

以山西省为研究区域，基于AAA级乡村旅游示范村地理坐标数据，采用ArcGIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法，通过分析两批示范村的空间位移特征，明确影响其空间分异的主要因素。结果表明：示范村在全省范围内的空间格局特征呈现为集聚型分布；两批示范村的极核区均集中在晋中地区和晋南地区，并于晋中和晋南地区形成集中连片；示范村的分布方向从东北向西南方向偏移；资源禀赋、经济因素和社会因素均对示范村的空间格局产生影响。     

山西省A级旅游景区和星级饭店空间分布特征

以山西省A级景区和星级饭店为研究对象,运用EXCEL和GIS空间分析方法,分别从空间分布数量、分布类型、分布密度、分布热点4个方面来对比分析空间结构特征。结果表明：山西省内A级景区和星级饭店分布数量呈正发展趋势;山西省整体A级景区和星级饭店空间分布类型均为集聚型;A级景区中,除太原、忻州、晋中、晋城外,其余市均为均匀型;星级饭店中,除朔州市外,其余各市均为集聚型分布;A级景区以太原市及周边地区为大核心,大同、阳泉、晋城、临汾为小核心发展;星级饭店以太原市为核心,晋中、吕梁、临汾、运城一带沿线发展;A级景区和星级饭店冷热点空间分布大致形成以山西省中部为对称轴,南北对称分布格局。     

山西省A级景区旅游流网络特征研究

收集携程网站上发布的关于山西省A级景区的旅行游记，以社会网络分析法构建261个景区为节点的旅游流网络，并分析节点特征以及整体网络结构特征。结果表明，在山西省A级景区旅游流网络中，等级较高的景区其吸引力较强；平遥古城、五台山、悬空寺等景区在山西省旅游流网络中处于关键核心位置，但能发挥旅游路线的中转枢纽作用的A级景区数量较少；旅游流网络具有明显的核心－边缘特征，同时表现出较大的规模以及较小密度。     

广东省旅游扶贫地的空间格局及影响因素

运用GIS空间分析方法,对广东省旅游扶贫地的空间分布特征及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,广东省旅游扶贫地总体为集聚型分布态势,空间差异明显,呈"分散与聚集"分布特征,集中在粤东、粤西、粤北等经济欠发达但旅游资源丰富地区。其空间分布密度表现出"大分散、小集聚"的分布特征,具有明显的向心性,核心—边缘结构突出。其空间分布具有显著的自相关性,不同县区旅游扶贫地在空间上呈集聚特征,热点区与冷点区呈"团状"分布特征。粤北地区主要为热点区,珠三角地区主要为冷点区;旅游贫困率大体上呈"东西高、中部低"的分布特征,高贫困区主要分布在粤北、粤东地区,低贫困区主要分布在粤中地区。区位条件、地形地貌、相关政策、经济水平和旅游资源等是影响广东省旅游扶贫地的主要因素。     

湖南省休闲农业园区空间格局及影响因素分析

休闲农业与乡村旅游星级园区是重要的休闲农业资源及旅游资源。使用最邻近指数、变异系数和核密度估计等方法,分析湖南省休闲农业园区的空间格局特征及影响因素。结果表明：(1)湖南省休闲农业园区的空间分布类型为集聚型,空间分布较为集中但集中化程度不高;(2)休闲农业园区最大的集聚核心在长株潭地区,在娄底、衡阳和郴州3处均有明显的高密度集聚核心;(3)休闲农业园区在空间上分布不均衡,总体上呈现东南多、西北少的空间分布格局,主要分布在郴州、衡阳、长沙和娄底;(4)地形地貌、河流水系、交通条件、经济发展水平和旅游发展水平与休闲农业园区的分布有着密不可分的联系。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

中俄经济技术合作面临新机遇

中俄在十年内把各自的GDP翻一番的目标,为发展中俄经济技术合作提供了机遇.仅仅依靠商品贸易的增长很难大幅度提升中俄经贸关系,需要全面开展经济技术合作,特别是加强在自然资源开发、跨国投资、军工技术和产品贸易领域的合作.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.