房地产经纪机构与管理部门信息一体化系统的设计

随着房产交易市场的日益活跃,对房地产经纪机构的行业管理已经成为政府管理的重点工作之一。现有管理存在着手段落后、数据分析困难、信息不对称等问题。运用Delphi 7.0开发了房地产经纪机构与管理部门信息一体化系统,该系统在石家庄房产管理部门和房地产经纪机构进行了应用,整体运行情况良好。     

信息共享——房地产经纪业发展的必然趋势

房地产经纪服务作为房地产中介服务中最重要的组成部分之一,主要是利用各种信息,通过一定的组织形式,利用房地产经纪人所拥有的各种专业知识及其特有的活动方式和方法,为房地产交易中的各类服务主体提供各种服务。房地产经纪服务的性质决定了该行业对信息资源的高度依赖,信息是房地产经纪服务企业赖以生存和发展的基础。因此,房地产经纪服务所需信息的来源以及传播渠道是否通畅,可靠性是否稳定以及能否有效利用,直接决定了房地产经纪企业生产效率的高低,决定了企业竞争力的大小,更决定了在网络技术日益发展的今天,房地产经纪服务企业以及行业能否经受住各种挑战,保持健康稳定的发展。     

美国房地产经纪市场运行效率综述

房地产经纪市场的运行效率是房地产市场发展水平的重要标志,也是衡量其是否成熟的主要标准,研究房地产经纪市场的运行效率具有重要的意义。由于目前对我国房地产经纪市场运行效率的研究基本上处于空白,借鉴美国房地产经纪市场运行效率的研究成果,可以为开展我国房地产经纪市场运行效率的研究提供指导。     

首届中国地产经纪论坛7月北京举办

本刊讯“2005首届中国地产经纪论坛”7月15日在北京隆重开幕,这也是中国房地产经纪企业第一次以集团形象出现在房地产行业和社会公众面前。论坛由中国房地产业协会,中国国际经济科技法律人才学会和庄希泉基金会等单位主办,“经济人”杂志社承办。这次会议开在房地产新政实施1个多月后,正是房产经纪业接受市场和政策双重考验的关键时刻,因此,论坛邀请了多位政府官员、中外业界知名专家,更吸引了各地知名的中介经纪企业近百家,齐聚京城,共谋生存与发展之道。第八届、第九届全国人大常委会副委员长布赫宣布论坛开幕,中国国际经济科技法律人才学会会长庄炎林致开幕词。颁奖典礼上,50多家房地产经纪企业分享了“中国房地产经纪业十大推动力人物”、“中国房地产经纪金牌企业等六项大奖。这次评选,使年轻的房地产经纪业也出现了自己的金牌企业和成功人士,对这个行业的发展无疑起到了鞭策和激励作用。     

二手房经纪市场博弈及其效率分析

与二手房直接交易市场相比，二手房经纪市场由于房地产经纪的参与有效降低了买卖双方的交易成本，是一种更为有效的交易市场。一些房地产经纪利用二手房经纪市场中存在的信息不对称，从最大化自身利益的角度出发，采用欺诈手段欺骗消费者，赚取不法利润。通过一个动态的三阶段博弈模型，描述了房地产经纪与消费者之间的博弈策略，指出房地产经纪的失信行为降低了二手房经纪市场的需求，导致二手房经纪市场处于低效运行的状态，并提出了有效遏制房地产经纪失信行为的对策。     

评《房地产经纪业规范化管理研究》

近年来我国房地产经纪方面的纠纷日益增多，出现了一些亟待解决的突出问题，不仅严重影响了房地产经纪行业的形象，而且严重损害了消费者的合法权益，破坏了房地产市场的正常交易秩序，进而在一定程度上影响了房地产业的健康稳定发展，使如何有效规范管理房地产经纪业，维护房地产交易安全成为社会普遍关注的热点问题。     

房地产行业政府治理行为的博弈分析

政府迄今出台了一系列的政策和法规对房地产行业进行宏观调控,但效果不佳。本文通过博弈理论来分析在国家宏观调控政策的执行过程中房地产商和政府行为抉择问题,以完全信息静态博弈为起点逐步分析和扩展了模型,并利用重复博弈中的冷酷策略解决了目前房地产行业政府治理的困境,为政府的政策制定和执行提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国房地产经纪服务合理收费问题探讨

房地产经纪服务的合理收费,选择合理的佣金结构以及佣金标准,对于保证房地产经纪服务市场和谐健康发展起着至关重要的作用.根据国内外经纪服务的实际情况,我国现阶段采用经纪服务分解收费模式是符合国情的合理选择.     

保险中介：要做被保险人的坚实桥梁——访中国保险行业协会中介办公室主任雷洪生

保险中介行业产生于保险交易的需要,是保险市场专业分工的产物,其功能主要是信息传递,充当保险交易双方的桥梁.在欧洲,中介是保险业不可缺少的一部分.以实行保险代理和经纪制度的英国为例,英国法律规定：为了保障被保险人的权益,保险公司不能直接承保业务,必须经过保险中介接受业务.所以,英国的保险代理和经纪行业非常发达,保险公司的业务来源基本上依靠代理人和经纪人.但在我国,尽管保险中介行业发展较快,但消费者对保险中介行业的认识和了解仍然不足.     

工程造价信息数据智能统计测算模型研究

为满足我国工程造价行业数字化、智能化发展的新需求,共享工程造价信息资源,是工程造价行业高质量、可持续发展亟待研究的课题。工程造价信息数据具有时效性、区域性的特点,对工程造价信息数据统计测算提出了挑战。研究选用数据统计和神经网络方法,构建工程造价信息数据智能统计测算模型,快速精准测算出工程造价共享指标指数,揭示工程造价运动规律,预测建筑市场变化。研究为工程造价信息数据的挖掘利用提出了新的路径和方法。     

The Value of a Real Estate Franchise

Franchise affiliation has become common in the real estate brokerage industry. Department of Commerce estimates show that in 1981 about 30% of all real estate brokerage establishments were franchise affiliated. This paper develops and estimates a model of brokerage firm sales, using sample data collected in 1982 for three North Carolina cities. Controlling for the size and experience of the brokerage staff and the experience of the broker, the paper finds that franchise affiliation contributes to firm sales. Affiliation with a national franchise appears to be worth about $930,000 in additional sales to the average firm.     

The Effect of State Licensing Regulations on the Real Estate Brokerage Industry

An argument is often made that occupational licensure protects members of the regulated industry by limiting supply and raising earnings. The purpose of this study is to examine entry barriers within the real estate brokerage industry and to determine the effect of differing state entry requirements on the supply of practitioners, earnings, and quality of service provided. A simultaneous system of equations is developed where the number of licensees per capita, earnings, and quality are jointly estimated. Two-stage least squares results support the premise that the consumer rather than the industry benefits from real estate prelicensing regulation with a higher quality of service. Significant evidence is not found to support the idea that the real estate industry regulations are self-serving.     

Competition and Efficiency in Transacting: The Case of Residential Real Estate Brokerage

This paper examines the functioning of the market for brokerage services for residential real estate. The central issue addressed is whether the manner in which brokerage services have traditionally been provided and priced is consistent with efficiency. In approaching this question, the paper first describes the activities usually associated with the brokerage function and develops criteria for the efficient provision of brokerage services. After the structural characterisitcs and pricing practices of the brokerage industry are analyzed, a model of brokerage firm competition is developed. The principal finding is that the traditional absence of price competition among brokers may have led to an inefficiently large commitment of resources to the brokerage industry, supported by excessive rates for consumers of brokerage services. These results stem from the way that competitive pressures emerge when price competition is largely suppressed.     

The Real Estate Brokerage Market: A Critical Reevaluation

This paper presents an analysis of the theories and evidence regarding the structure and performance of the market for real estate brokerage services. Some of the theoretical models found in the literature appear to suffer from logical inconsistencies, while others lack empirical support for their underlying assumptions and/or their predictions of market inefficiencies. Moreover, several important legal and institutional changes that have occurred recently have not been given sufficient attention in the existing literature.
Although some new evidence on this market is presented here, additional empirical research is warranted in at least two areas: the current pricing structure and the underlying production and cost functions of the real estate brokerage industry.     

Economies of Scope and Density in the Market for Real Estate Brokerage Services

Using a multiproduct translog cost function, this paper examines the case for economies of scope and density in the market for residential real estate brokerage services. Earlier research that treated output as a homogeneous commodity reported modest economies of scale for this industry. The results of this study suggest that the composition of output is an important source of these scale economies, rather than simply the size of the firm. The economies of scope which we find imply that a balanced mix of listing and sales is the least costly type of operation, a result borne out by the product mix found in our sample. The results also show product-specific diseconomies of scale, suggesting that specialization in either listing or sales may be sub-optimal under the current institutional arrangements present in the market. Finally, market density appears to be, at best, only a nominal source of savings for real estate brokerage firms.     

Information Costs and the Organization of the Real Estate Brokerage Industry in the U.S. and Great Britain

This paper examines the differing organizations of the residential real estate brokerage industry in the U.S. and Great Britain, and argues that they may be interpreted as alternative solutions to a common set of informational problems. Of particular interest is why the multiple listing service — an arrangement whereby brokers share market information in an effort to exploit the public-good nature of information — is so pervasive in the United States, but is largely absent in Great Britain. Some possible reasons are found in the differing histories of the parent housing markets, as well as other institutional differences.     

Concentration and Market Structure in Local Real Estate Markets

The competitiveness of the residential real estate brokerage industry has attracted much attention. Anecdotal evidence suggests some local markets are concentrated, yet no systematic market structure study has been conducted. We collected cross‐sectional data on real estate brokers in 90 diverse markets across the United States and collected longitudinal data for Louisville, Kentucky. In medium and large markets, no evidence exists that market concentration might create problems for competition. Small markets, on average, have higher Herfindahl‐Hirschman Indexes than medium and large markets. The longitudinal data reveal that many small brokers sell a house or two one year and none the next year.     

Real Estate Brokers and the Market for Residential Housing

This study explores the role of the real estate broker in the housing market. A model of the demand for broker services by both sellers and buyers is developed and conditional logit estimates are presented. Evidence relating to the effects of the brokerage industry on housing market transactions also is presented. Brokers do not seem to affect the prices of the houses they sell. But they do influence the level of housing consumption by buyers.     

Information and communication technology in the real estate industry: productivity,industry structure and market efficiency

This survey of changes in the real estate industry due to information and communication technology (ICT) covers three areas: (a) A brief survey of ICT applications in the property industry, (b) speculation about implications for market structure and productivity within the real estate industry, and (c) comments on the wider macroeconomic implications of these changes. Improvements in information and productivity may lead to important long-run changes in business processes and industry structure tending to favour larger firms and promoting specialization of functions. Changing the information structure of real estate decision systems could change system dynamics and improve allocative efficiency. On the other hand, under different institutional arrangements, better information could increase the amplitude of real estate cycles and destabilize economies.