山东：明年将不再设置新农合家庭账户

山东省卫生厅最近对新型农村合作医疗实施办法进行了重大调整，从2009年起，全省统一基金的统筹模式，不再设置家庭账户。原设家庭账户的地区，家庭账户基金结余可结转下年度使用，并逐步消化，但不得用于冲抵个人参合缴费资金。     

我国农民社会养老保险模式的现实选择

当前，农民已分化为纯农户、农民工和失地农民，三者在职业、收入、居住方式等方面各不相同，因而其社会养老保险也应有所别；对纯农户、应采取“基础养老保险”＋“附加养老保险”模式；对农民工，应实行“个人帐户”＋“社会统筹账户”模式；对失地农民，应探索“个人账户”＋“基础养老金账户”＋“储备金 账户”模式。在此基础上，建立纯农户的最低生活保障制度；完善农民工社会养老保险配套制度；明确失地农民主体地位，完善失地补偿安置制度，才能真正提高农民的生活水平。     

取药处——甘肃新农合新标

近日，甘肃省明确2012年新农合基金筹资标准达到每人290元，其中中央、省、市、县财政承担240元，个人承担50元。从今年起，各地终止新农合家庭账户和各种变相的家庭账户式补偿模式，全部实行门诊统筹，全面启动按病种定额付费、限额付费、门诊总额预付等多种支付方式改革。参舍农民单次住院封顶线最高为4万元，年内多次住院的累计补偿金额提高到8万元。     

基本养老保险个人账户的规范管理

养老保险个人账户是社会保险经办机构依照社会统筹与个人账户相结合的原则,为每位参加基本养老保险的职工建立的一个终身不变的个人资金账户,它详细记录了职工和企业缴纳养老保险费的内容。     

河源市统筹城乡发展现状、问题与路径优化

统筹城乡发展是河源市“十四五”时期的核心工作，对促进河源市经济高质量发展有重要作用。文章从总体概况、城乡要素流动、城乡宜居、城乡治理、产城融合等方面分析了河源市统筹城乡发展现状，总结出河源市城乡统筹中存在的问题，提出了具体的优化路径。研究发现，河源市城乡发展取得了一定成绩，但距离城乡统筹的目标还有一定差距，存在城乡间要素流动不畅、城乡产业支撑不足、城乡基础设施建设滞后、城乡土地利用效率不高等问题，应从健全统筹城乡要素流动机制、提升城乡统筹发展能力、完善城乡基础设施建设以及加快土地利用转型等方面改进现有城乡统筹工作，促进河源市城乡统筹目标的实现。     

人力资本会计研究综述

自从1964年美国密西根大学的郝曼森首次提出人力资本会计这个概念之后，人力资本会计得到了迅速发展。文章对关于人力资本会计的研究进行了归纳，主要从人力资本基本理论、人力资本计量方法和人力资本会计的账户设置及其处理方面进行了阐述。     

分类保障:我国农民社会养老保险模式的现实选择

当前,农民已分化为纯农户、农民工和失地农民,三者在职业、收入、居住方式等方面各不相同,因而其社会养老保险也应有所别:对纯农户,应采取"基础养老保险" "附加养老保险"模式;对农民工,应实行"个人账户" "社会统筹账户"模式;对失地农民,应探索"个人账户" "基础养老金账户" "储备金账户"模式.在此基础上,建立纯农户的最低生活保障制度;完善农民工社会养老保险配套制度;明确失地农民主体地位,完善失地补偿安置制度,才能真正提高农民的生活水平.     

新型农村合作医疗不同补偿模式的收入分配效应——基于江苏、安徽两省30县1500个农户的实证分析

本文运用基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线评价新型农村合作医疗不同补偿模式的收入分配效应,借助Heckman两步法从微观层面对不同补偿模式下不同收入水平农户实际获得新型农村合作医疗补偿的数量进行实证分析。研究结果表明,新型农村合作医疗对发生医疗支出群体收入公平的影响显著为正,即新型农村合作医疗的补偿更倾向于患病群体,且收入低的群体获得的补偿高于收入高的群体;不同补偿模式调节收入分配的力度不同,与家庭账户相比,住院统筹或住院统筹加门诊统筹的补偿模式更有利于低收入人群。     

年初如何建账

农村会计朋友们，一年一度的建账工作开始了，年初要求村村建立一套明明白白的账，清清楚楚地记录各项经济业务，让亿万农民放心。一、打好框架一个村无论大小，只有一本总账，将国家统一规定的一级会计科目（农村是３０个）全部设到这本总账上，这时一般不称会计科目了，而称总账账户。根据需要，每个总账账户预留几张账页。这个账户发生业务多就多留几页，那个账户发生业务少就少留几页。但不能用一个账户往总账上设一个账户，而要把３０个总账账户在建账时一次全设上。宁肯设上不用，也不能不设，这应作为一项纪律要求，这对我们熟悉每个…     

西藏 大幅提高农牧民医药费报销额

经西藏自治区人民政府审定，新修改的《西藏自治区农牧区医疗管理暂行办法》规定，从2007年起，西藏农牧民每人每年报销的医药费限额由过去的3000元提高到6000元～8000元。西藏实行的是政府、集体和个人多方筹资，以家庭账户和大病统筹为主的农牧民基本医疗保障制度，农牧民每年交纳不低于10元的个人筹资，就可以报销在各级医疗机构住院费用的60％以上。据了解，西藏现有约九成农牧民参加了个人筹资。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.