试谈科技管理创新与科技成果产业化

本文分析了改革开放以来科技管理创新与对科技成果产业化发展的影响和作用 ,进一步阐明科技管理创新改革的必要性 ,提出当前科技管理创新的方向。     

农村工业化中的分工制度创新

本文在深入研究近年来沿海地区出现的区域产业群集经济现象的基础上,着重分析了“块状经济”这种由凝聚力支配的产业组织创新的经济效应,并指出,“块状经济”这一准市场在内部规模经济与外部规模经济,知识溢出与知识发展,专业化分工的深化与资产专用性的提高等方面两者都难以应付的矛盾。     

创新广东农业产业化经营体制机制研究

改革开放30多年来,广东农业产业化经营取得了丰硕成果,探索了符合广东省情和农业发展实际的产业化经营新路子,农业龙头企业联结带动农户增产增收体制机制得到不断丰富和完善。2010年,广东省委、省政府作出了建设农业强省的战略部署,作为推动广东农业从“大”到“强”转变的重要抓手,农业龙头企业和农业产业化经营承担着重要而艰巨的历史使命。本文基于对广东农业产业化发展历程的回顾,总结经验,深入分析制约因素和有利条件,并就新形势下推动广东农业产业化经营提出相应的意见和建议。     

重庆万州农业产业化中土地制度创新与启示

本文分析三峡库区腹心地重庆万州区土地利用现状以及土地制度创新和存在的问题,根据万州农村实际和中国其他地方的成功经验,提出在一段时期内建立以土地为中心的股份合作制,以促进万州土地合理利用和农业产业化的发展,并介绍了以土地为中心的股份合作制的具体实施办法,同时提出了农村集体土地股份合作制中需要注意的几个关键问题。     

Chinese Land Reform in Long-Run Perspective and in the Wider East Asian Context

The claims made by Griffin et al. for the impact of land reform in China are unconvincing. The land reform of 1947–52 did not lead to a pronounced increase in agricultural output. Nor was it egalitarian; indeed, but for the deliberate preservation of the rich peasant economy, growth might have been non-existent. The second land reform of 1981–3 was equally ineffectual. Agricultural growth had shifted on to a faster growth path before decol-lectivization, and the surge of 1980–4 was little more than a temporary response to decent weather, procurement price rises, the abandonment of the Dazhai system and a reduction in output under-reporting. Rural income inequality has been held in check since 1984 because of local government intervention, not because family farming is intrinsically egalitarian. China's experience of land reform is mirrored by those of other East Asian countries. A century of land reform has not resolved Japan's deep-seated agricultural problems, nor those of Taiwan and South Korea.     

利益相关者视角的森林公园管理创新

从利益相关者角度对森林公园管理问题的研究有理论与实践价值,和谐森林公园建设是时代要求。文章以利益相关者理论为指导,解析森林公园关键利益相关者及其关系,提出重构建森林公园内部治理结构和加强森林公园外部协作的构想。     

Government and Agriculture: A Spatial Perspective

Book reviewed in this article: Information Systems for Agriculture. Edited by M. J. BLACKIE and J. B. Dem. Government and Agriculture: A Spatial Perspective. By IAN BOWLER. Strategy for the UK Forest Industry. Centre for Agricultural Strategy Critical Food Issues of the Eighties. Edited by MARILYN CHOU and DAVID P. HARMON Jr. Pergamon Agricultural Modernisation, Poverty and Inequality. By D. S. GIBBONS, R. DE KONINCK and I. HASAN. Water Production Functions for Irrigated Agriculture. By ROGER W. HEXEM and EARL 0. HEADY. Unpriced Values: Decisions wirhour Market Prices. By J. A. SINDEN and A. C. WORRELL. Food Policies. By JOHN R. TARRANT. Problems of the Agricultural Development of Less Favoured Areas in Europe. Disadvantaged Rural Europe: Development Issues and Approaches. An Aggregative Programming Approach to Agricultural Sector Analysis. Edited by NEAL WALKER and KEVIN PARTON.     

Innovation in Agro-Foods: A Comparative Analysis of Value Chains

ABSTRACT

The innovative activity of firms has been linked to the introduction of a new product or process associated with the development or application of new technological knowledge. New products generally contain innovative techniques that increase the quality of goods. New processes are based on the use of new technologies to increase the efficiency of production. However, the exclusive link between technology and innovation has been criticized for various reasons. It provides a restrictive vision considering innovation as part of the manufacturing and services sectors. Innovation in firms affects not only the development and application of new technologies but also the adoption and the reorganization of business processes, internal organization, external relations, and marketing. The literature in the field of management emphasizes the importance of integrating product, process, and organization to translate new ideas into market success. Thus, to obtain a complete picture of the innovative efforts of firms in the agro-food industry, the concept of innovation has been extended to both technological and nontechnological innovations. This analysis provided evidence of innovations used by agro-food firms. It also identified latent demand for future innovation.     

Agricultural Industrialization: A Metaeconomics Look at the Metaphors by Which We Live

Agriculture continues to be driven by rapid technological change on the base of a particular kind of value system. This path produces an abundance and variety of high-quality food and success for many. It also produces externalities, not the least of which is the sense of gloom among youth who might otherwise pursue food system careers. Perhaps we need to be carefully examining the values implicit within the invisible hand, subjecting it to scientific scrutiny. One alternative is a kind of metaeconomics that focuses on moral inquiry, recognizing both a self-interest and a joint others-interest in the outcomes.     

论包容性发展视角下农村金融创新

以包容性发展的视角来探讨农村金融创新,分析我国当前农村金融创新所面临的供需结构失衡严重,难以适应金融发展的要求、金融创新市场竞争格局缺失,农村金融服务效率偏低、农村金融创新相关配套制度建设滞后等问题,并从构建多层次包容性金融市场、提高组织结构的包容性、改善农村金融创新制度激励的包容度三方面来积极构建农村包容性金融创新体系。     

龙头企业带动农业产业化发展的实证研究——四川省资阳市农业产业化发展的经验及启示

本文通过对四川省资阳市农业产业化发展的经验,分析了资阳市农业产业化龙头企业的建设、农业产业化园区、示范基地和农民教育建设情况,指出资阳市农业产业化的成功对我国丘陵地区进行农业产业化发展的启示作用。     

国有农业企业的责任:技术创新与扩散的视角

在当前我国农业科技创新与扩散体系难以适应三农发展需求的背景下,国有农业企业可以凭借其优势在其中发挥重要作用。由于国有农业企业本身具有的技术创新与扩散职能及社会公益性、经济实力、与农户联系紧密、生产专用性强等特点而使其具有农业技术创新与扩散的优势。     

Least Squares and Entropy: A Penalty Function Perspective

Mathematical measures of entropy as defined by Shannon and cross entropy as defined by Kullback and Leibler are currently in vogue in the field of econometrics, primarily due to the comprehensive work of Golan, Judge, and Miller. An alternative interpretation of the entropy measure as a penalty function over deviations is presented, and a number of parallels are drawn with least squares estimators. It is demonstrated that both approaches may be applied to the general linear model. The causes of differences in estimated parameter values are described, and some suggestions for the formulation of entropy-based econometric problems are presented.     

农业产业化:主攻方向与工作重点

推进农业战略性调整和适应加入世界贸易组织的新形势,关键是要在家庭承包经营的基础上,找到既符合国情,又符合市场经济要求的新形式和路子。实践证明,发展农业产业化经营,是新阶段我国农业和农村经济发展的必然趋势。关键是找准主攻方向,抓住工作重点,推进产业化经营进程。     

我国农地产权制度创新的一种设想

为适应“三农”的形势需要,应长期稳定家庭承包制,完善农村市场经济体制,将现行农地集体所有权的权能返还给农户,使其有完整的农地产权,建立一个农户所有、法律保护、市场配置、国家干预的现代农地产权制度,也可简称“农户所有、政府干预”的制度。     

征地补偿标准的革新——区片综合地价实证分析

本文在总结和归纳征地区片综合地价的内涵、特征和测算方法的基础上,以天津市东丽区为例进行了实证研究,并指出了实际操作中应注意的问题。     

中小企业技术创新模式与创新绩效的关系——以四川省中小企业为例

针对中小企业对技术创新模式选择的困境,考察了中小企业技术创新模式,在对技术创新模式与创新绩效之相关性进行理论分析的基础上提出研究假设,以四川省338家中小企业为样本进行实证分析。结果表明:合作创新的积极性、模仿创新的积极性和重视性与中小企业技术创新绩效正相关;相比模仿创新模式,合作创新模式对技术创新绩效的影响程度更显著。最后,根据研究结论,探讨了中小企业技术创新模式选择的相关启示。