区域经济增长与FDI技术溢出: 以京津冀都市圈为例

本文将京津冀三地1980～2003年的面板数据分割为1980-1992年、1981～1993年、……和1991-2003年等12个时间段，滚动检验FDI经由技术溢出效应对区域经济增长的影响。结果发现，1995年以前京津冀都市圈内存在明显的FDI技术溢出效应，而以1995年为拐点，FDI技术溢出效应逐渐消失，直至FDI与区域经济增长显著负相关。表明自1995年起京津冀都市圈的外资规模相对于内资而言已经偏大。同时，本文还对FDI的技术溢出效果比较明显的几个时间段进行了Granger因果性检验。最后，本文从跨国公司对当地市场结构变迁的动态影响，内外资企业能力差距的变动，跨国公司与当地经济联系紧密程度的变化等方面解释了在短期和较长时期内FDI技术溢出效应的变化。     

FDI对我国对外贸易影响总体效应与时空差异——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

本文基于时间和空间的视角,采用1987年至2009年中国30个省市的面板数据,通过固定效应模型分区域、分时期研究FDI对我国东、中、西三大区域对外贸易的影响。结果显示:FDI对我国对外贸易影响具有显著的时间效应和地域空间差异,并且FDI对贸易影响随时间变化产生的区域转移效应也十分明显。     

FDI技术外溢的地区差异与吸收能力的门限特征——基于中国省际面板数据的门限回归分析

本文利用中国省际面板数据模型对FDI流入在不同地区所引发的技术外溢效应进行了检验。检验结果验证了FDI技术外溢效应在我国不同地区之间具有相当的差异性。在此基础上,本文采用"门限回归"方法构造非线性面板数据模型,进一步检验了影响FDI技术外溢效应的若干吸收能力因素以及FDI技术外溢影响的门限特征,并从经济发展水平、对外开放度、基础设施和人力资本状况以及地区经济结构等方面测定了引发积极技术外溢效应的门限水平。     

FDI与我国区域投资环境优化浅探

外商直接投资（FDI）对东道国的经济增长具有极大的促进作用。据世界银行统计，如果把我国各省作为独立的地区来看，从1978年以来全球经济增长最快的20个地区全都在我国。作为吸引FDI的第一大东道国，区域投资环境的好坏对FDI的区位动机有着直接影响；反过来，FDI对我国区域经济的发展和投资环境的优化又产生着积极的效应。     

基于FDI视角分析中国区域经济增长

本文构建了2000-2013年中国31省际的静态面板计量模型,研究了FDI对中国区域经济增长的效应。研究发现社会固定资本投资、FDI对GDP是有着正向的显著影响作用,但是劳动力、基础设施建设的影响不显著。FDI的增加会促使专利申请数量的增加,即带来技术的进步,FDI与基础设施的综合效应是为正的但是不显著,这表明FDI通过基础设施建设间接对经济增长的促进作用并没有完全发挥出来,应该进一步建设基础设施,为吸引外资的流入提供保障。     

中国城市经济增长中FDI的空间溢出效应研究——来自空间面板数据的实证分析

改革开放以来,中国逐渐成为FDI的主要吸收国。FDI的流入不仅可以有效缓解资金不足的压力,而且还带来了科学技术、管理经验的传入,推动中国经济的发展,对中国宏观经济产生积极影响。为此,国内学界对FDI与经济增长的影响实证分析文献很多,但这些分析往往忽视了区域之间的互动效应,即空间溢出效应。因此,根据传统方法得出的参数估计和统计判断往往是有问题的。研究表明,不仅周边城市的FDI空间溢出效应是促进我国城市经济增长的主要外部力量,城市之间存在着显著的空间依赖,每个城市受益于周边城市FDI的空间溢出效应;而且邻近城市间经济发展存在较高的空间依赖性,是一个局域内相关系统。     

区域金融规模、效率及其对FDI溢出效应的影响研究——来自长江三角洲经济圈的实证分析和检验

FDI促进经济增长的能力与一个国家或地区的金融发展水平(规模、效率)联系紧密。我国现有研究较多关注的是全国状况或者一个省区状况,本文则将研究视角定位于经济圈,选择我国FDI集中流入的长三角经济圈作为研究对象,将金融发展分解为量和质两个维度,对长三角经济圈的金融规模、效率对FDI溢出效应影响进行了系统研究。论文实证分析和检验的结果发现:长三角经济圈金融信贷规模的扩大反而抑制了FDI技术溢出的吸收,而金融市场效率的改进所产生的效果则刚好相反,即能够显著放大FDI对区域经济的正贡献率。     

FDI技术溢出与区域创新能力差异的双门槛效应

本文采用以门槛回归为代表的非线性计量经济学理论,在构建动态面板门槛回归模型的基础上,以知识产权保护水平为门槛变量,实证FDI技术溢出对区域创新能力差异的影响。研究发现,在控制其他变量的基础上,FDI技术溢出对区域创新能力的影响显著存在基于知识产权保护水平的"双门槛效应",区域间创新能力的差异非常明显;区域只有跨越相应的知识产权保护水平门槛,FDI技术溢出才能有效地促进区域创新能力的提升。     

FDI影响我国环境质量的现状及机理分析

我国利用外商直接投资的规模年年攀升,有力地促进了我国经济的增长,但是否影响我国的环境质量正日益受到各界的关注。文章在分析FDI影响我国环境质量的现状的基础上,进一步探究了FDI通过规模效应、结构效应和技术效应3条途径对我国环境质量产生影响并提出相关的对策。     

能源约束、环境规制对FDI流动的经济效应分析——来自215个城市的经验证据

目前资源环境已经影响到社会经济的各个方面,能源约束、环境规制对FDI流动具有重大的影响。基于此,利用215个城市面板数据,就能源约束、环境规制对FDI的区域流动以及FDI流动对城市经济在规模、结构、技术等方面的效应进行实证分析。分析结果发现:能源约束对FDI流入沿海城市影响较弱,对流入内陆城市影响显著;环境规制有利于沿海城市生态质量的改善,但对内陆城市的影响不明显;FDI流动对各区域城市的经济规模、结构、技术等表现出显著的差异性,总体上呈沿海向内陆弱化的趋势。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.