A Study of Attitudes Towards Products Made in Australia

This study examines how New Zealanders perceive Australian products. Response indicates a bias against Australian products may be helpful in identifying segments which are more receptive. Within the context of the closer economic relations (CER) agreement, understanding the biases against Australian products is important in preparing more effective marketing plans for products exported to New Zealand. Several suggestions to manage country of origin bias are offered. Factor analysis of the statements shows that earlier categories found in previous studies are not supported.     

温州对接海峡西岸经济区的思路研究

从国内外经济发展的现状与趋势来看,建设海峡西岸经济区顺应了时代发展的趋势。经济全球化和区域经济一体化,已成为当今世界经济发展的两大潮流。在区域经济一体化浪潮的推动下,我国区域经济得到了长足的发展。本文分析了海峡西岸经济区的基本情况,根据温州经济发展的特点,提出了温州对接海峡西岸经济区的思路。     

Yen or Yuan? The law of one price and economic integration in Asia

Using highly comparable local retail prices of 146 goods and services across 18 Asian countries over 1990–2014, we analyse price dispersion and test convergence to the law of one price (LOP ) for these prices around three price benchmarks—Asia‐average, Japan and China prices—to gain insight about market integration in overall Asia as well relative integration of Asian economies to Japan and China. Cross‐Asia price dispersion around China‐price benchmark, for both tradables and non‐tradables, diminishes significantly over the sample period whereas that around Japan‐price benchmark increases considerably, particularly after the 2008 crisis. There is convergence to the LOP for about half of goods and services in China‐ and Asia‐average price benchmarks. The percentage of convergent prices is significantly smaller in Japan‐price benchmark. Direct estimates of the convergence speed parameter also confirm these observations. Overall, our results show evidence of increasing economic integration in Asia in the last two decades. The process of price convergence appears to be driven by the emergence of China as the centre of economic gravity in the region. There is much room for improvement as economic integration in Asia is still far below that in Europe in the 1990s or USA in the 1980s.     

Aim to International Shipping Center

Since 1990s, various countries in the world have been focus- ing on the construction of the key ports, leading to a fiercercompetition between ports. For example, in East Asia, South Korea and Japan are rivaling for the international shipping center in Northeast Asia. Taking Busan Port and Gwangyang Port as the central ports,     

Chances for a pacific free trade area

The establishment of the EEC was a major event of the 1960s. It has had a significant impact on international trade and investment and has wrought a profound change in the world balance of economic power. The emergence of the enlarged EEC and the implementation of a Pacific Free Trade Area (PAFTA) could have a more profound influence in shaping the world of the 1970s.     

Economic Integration in East Asia: An International Input‐Output Analysis

To establish economic and monetary union (EMU) in East Asia, deepening regional integration through international trade is important. The economic interdependence (one of the important criteria for regional integration) study, using macro data does not reflect the indirect effects generated by interactions between different production sectors and different countries. We use the international input‐output (IIO) framework to study the economic interdependence at both macro and production sector levels. We refine the existing methods to reflect exogenous country effect and size effect of the economy. Our study suggests that establishing EMU in East Asia appears to be somewhat premature. However, we can be more optimistic for regional integration at the production sector level in East Asia when including Japan, which will create a basis for EMU in the region.     

The Impact of Capital Market Integration on Educational Choice and the Consequences for Economic Growth

This paper examines the impact of capital market integration on higher education and the link to economic growth. The analysis takes into account that participation in higher education is non‐compulsory and depends on individual choice. Due to capital–skill complementarity, integration increases (reduces) the incentives to participate in higher education in capital‐importing (‐exporting) economies, all other things equal. From a national policy point of view, public education expenditure should increase after integration of similar economies in order to attract mobile capital. Using foreign direct investment as a measure of capital flows, we present empirical evidence which largely confirms our main hypothesis: an increase in net capital inflows in response to capital market integration raises participation in higher education. In addition, we show that the adjustment in educational attainment is an empirically relevant channel through which capital inflows foster economic growth.     

亚太自由贸易区( FTAAP)可行性及韩国的应对

1989年亚太经合组织(APEC)创设后,尽管APEC成员对于在APEC内部创建区域FTA(Intra-FTA)的提议基本持保守或中立态度,然而,APEC成员在推进FTAAP以加速成员之间的经济合作的必要性方面则取得了一致,其目的和背景主要是为了应对当前区域经济整合的快速发展及多哈回合的悬而未决。探讨FTAAP并不与韩国自由贸易区的战略计划相抵触。本文将重点讨论FTAAP推进的方式以及可能遇到的难点以及韩国在已有的自贸区战略下如何应对FTAAP的推进。     

Financial deregulation and integration: an Australian perspective

Many countries in recent years have progressively removed economic and financial barriers and this process has provided easier access to their capital markets. Further, such liberalization measures can impact upon the risk-return relationship between assets. This paper investigates whether the Australian stock market is segmented from or integrated into the world equity market. The aim is to ascertain if the liberalization undertaken in the Australian economy, in the form of financial deregulation in the early 1980s, has resulted in its integration with the world equity market. Consistent with expectations, we find evidence that the stock market was segmented in the pre-deregulation period but integrated following financial deregulation. The hypothesis that industry factors may impact upon integration could not be supported.Keywords: Australia; Deregulation; IntegrationJEL classification: F36; G12; G15     

日德本币升值下的政策得失及对我国的启示

在本币升值背景下,日本与德国采取了不同的应对政策。德国首先着眼于国内宏观经济的稳定,放开汇率的波动,从而更好地保持了国民经济的稳定与增长;而日本试图阻止和缓解日元升值压力,其结果却是日元持续急剧升值,并造成了日本高通货膨胀和泡沫经济。综观日本、德国汇率波动的历史可以得到以下启示：人民币汇率升值是必然趋势;坚持货币政策的独立性十分重要;在坚持货币政策的独立性的同时,实现缓慢渐进式汇率改革;区域货币合作有利于区域内强国减少投机资本冲击,减少汇率升值对贸易品部门的负面影响;加快经济发展战略的转型,促使内外经济均衡发展。     

大中国经济一体化进程及其决定因素——基于平价条件差别的计量分析

本文评估了大中国(祖国大陆、香港和台湾地区)经济体之间的联系,并将之和日本、美国做了比较。真实利息平价、公开利息平价和购买力平价被分别用来测量资本、金融和商品市场的一体化程度。研究显示,没有重要的证据表明“大中国”经济体间的一体化水平强于大陆和其他两个非“大中国”经济体,经济一体化进程需要依靠政府的制度。     

东北亚经济合作发展研究

本文认为,东北亚是当今世界经济发展中最具活力和潜力的地区之一。长期以来,东北亚地区在经济合作方面实行的是自主自愿的渐进原则和不排斥区域外国家的开放性地区主义,没有在制度化和机制建设方面努力,已不能适应地区经济一体化发展的需要,也难以形成合力共同抵御经济全球化所带来的风险和冲击,在世界经济发展格局中处于不利地位。东北亚经济合作发展主要取决于中、日、韩三国的经济合作发展,前景是光明的。只要东北亚地区各国特别是中、日、韩三国都主动采取有效措施,坚持政经分离的原则,立足现实,着眼未来,加强对话,求同存异,搁置主导权之争,增信释疑,坦诚合作,建立自由贸易区,就一定会实现区域经济一体化,成为与欧洲、美洲并列的世界经济三大区域之一。     

中日经贸合作对东亚经济一体化进程影响研究

本文在分析中日经贸合作现状的基础上,提出中日两个经济强国在经贸合作上产生的效用会对东亚经济一体化进程产生积极的影响。同时采用计量经济学的定量分析,运用非线性回归方程,进行回归分析和点预测,得出两国经贸合作存在较强相关性的结论。最后,对两国经贸合作提出相应的政策建议。     

技术贸易与日本经济增长潜在实力

技术贸易反映了一个国家的技术应用水平以及研发能力的高低,成为一国潜在经济实力的重要指标。从美、日的技术贸易收支情况分析日本相对其他发达国家的潜在经济增长能力,研究结果表明,虽然日本经济持续的不景气,但由于有较高的技术利用效率和强大的技术研发能力,日本作为一个经济强国的地位在短期内不会发生改变。日本重视技术利用效率和对技术研发进行投入的经济发展战略值得我国借鉴。     

On the Distribution of Refugees in the EU

The current situation regarding the migration of refugees can only be handled efficiently through closer international cooperation in the field of asylum policy. From an economic point of view, it would be reasonable to distribute incoming refugees among all EU countries according to a distribution key that reflects differences in the costs of integration in the individual countries. An efficient distribution would even out the marginal costs of integrating refugees. In order to reach a political agreement, the key for distributing refugees should be complemented by compensation payments that distribute the costs of integration among countries. The key for distributing refugees presented by the EU Commission takes account of appropriate factors in principle, but it is unclear in terms of detail. The compensation payments for countries that should take relatively high numbers of refugees for cost efficiency reasons should be financed by reallocating resources within the EU budget.     

日本人为低利率政策及其效应分析

人为低利率政策是日本金融体制的重要组成部分。它通过为民间部门创造租金机会,刺激了民间部门的发展,特别是通过降低企业投资成本,从金融层面有力地支撑了经济的高速增长。然而20世纪70年代以后,由于其形成强的路径依赖,未能随着日本经济结构的变化而及时地被废止,不仅助长了泡沫经济的形成,而且最终导致日本金融危机的爆发。     

Global financial liberalisation GATT,EC and OECD approaches

In view of increasing worldwide economic integration, effective multinational agreements are urgently needed to improve the functionality, efficiency and stability of international financial operations. This article confronts theoretical characteristics of a desirable global financial concept with the actual liberalisation approaches of different organisations.     

The role of organizational justice and social interaction in mitigating the negative effects of high-performance member retailers on strategic integration

Drawing on resource-based view, social exchange theory, and organizational justice theory, this study tests the link between high-performance member retailers (HPMRs) and strategic integration to retail buying groups, and the mediation and moderation of social integration and organizational justice, respectively. Using structural equation modeling, we analyze data from 241 independent retailers participating in retail buying groups in Japan. Results reveal that although HPMRs are negatively associated with strategic integration, they also increase strategic integration via enhanced social interaction with other member retailers. Additionally, organizational justice by buying group headquarters weakens the negative link between HPMRs and strategic integration. The study newly shows how member retailers’ past performance characteristics, the role of buying group headquarters, and member retailers’ interactions affect strategic integration to retail buying groups. The findings contribute to resource-based view, social exchange theory, and organizational justice theory by examining how retail buying groups can encourage HPMRs’ strategic integration using social interaction and organizational justice as boundary conditions. Practical and theoretical implications are described.     

Are ASEAN Countries Havens for Japanese Pollution‐Intensive Industry?

In an era of closer worldwide economic integration, the role that environmental regulations play in shaping a country's comparative advantage is greater than ever. This has led to fears that ‘dirty’ firms will relocate from developed to developing countries where environmental regulations may be less stringent – the so‐called pollution haven hypothesis. To date, however, there is little support for the existence of pollution havens despite anecdotal evidence and the theoretical predictions. In this paper we employ a unique industry‐level dataset for Japan and examine whether Japanese industries have relocated production to their ASEAN neighbours in response to the relative stringency of Japanese environmental regulations. Not only do we find no evidence for pollution‐haven‐consistent behaviour but also some indication that the complex relationship between the characteristics of Japanese dirty industries and environmental regulations may actually have reduced Japanese outward FDI to the Philippines.     

Free trade in Latin America: A successful way out of crisis?

Since the beginning of the 1990s almost all Latin American countries have begun to change their strategies from protectionism to free trade. Historically, plans for regional economic integration have a long tradition on this continent, but attempts to bring them to fruition have failed time and time again. This report surveys past developments and attempts to show the prospects of success for the current free trade strategies in Latin America.