Assessing social impact in the field of sustainable tourism development: Evidence from Cabo Delgado (MZ)

ABSTRACT

Assessing the social impact of tourism-related activities is of paramount importance to promoting sustainable development. The present study aimed to assess the social impact of a project in Cabo Delgado (MZ), designed to increase local community residents’ employability in the emerging tourism sector through the delivery of vocational training programmes, utilising a multi-phase and mixed-method design. The study comprised three different phases (before, during, and after the intervention) and took into account the perspective of a variety of stakeholders. Programmes were perceived to be effective by local operators in the tourism sector and trainees, as they enhanced their living conditions and increased their employability. International operators and tourists, however, had not yet perceived their effectiveness. This study offers a methodological framework for social impact assessment by performing a programme evaluation as an integral part of the intervention itself. This methodology can be extended to other non-tourism related contexts.     

基于“全民旅游”理念的三维立体旅游人才培养系统构建

本研究重新思考旅游人才的概念,提出中国作为旅游接待大国,需要全民作为接待者为旅游业助力。因此广义的旅游人才应包含所有热爱中国,热爱家乡,并通过自身知识及努力对旅游产业做出贡献的国民。为弥补传统的旅游人才培养体系在全民皆需要旅游教育方面的缺失,本研究提出以＂全民旅游＂为理念进行＂三个面向＂的旅游教育改革,并设计构建针对全民的三维立体旅游人才培养系统。     

Drivers and barriers of corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry: The case of Malawi

ABSTRACT

In developing countries, corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes help in uplifting local communities by complementing governments’ efforts in providing public services in areas such as education, health, environment and security. But in the tourism industry, CSR has also been closely linked to responsible tourism in which tourism operators’ focus on protecting resources that attract tourists for business sustainability. This paper examines the drivers and barriers of CSR adoption in the tourism industry in Malawi. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed. The study reveals that the major drivers of CSR in the tourism industry in Malawi are community expectations, management values and commitment, cost reduction, natural and cultural resource management, competitive advantage and company size. The barriers to CSR adoption include lack of resources, lack of clear CSR policy and government support, lack of coordination, mismanagement of CSR resources by communities and lack of awareness.     

基于政府视角的三亚市夜间旅游服务优化研究

三亚作为一座旅游城市,发展夜间旅游不仅是游客的旅游升级需求,也是民生所需。文章通过分析三亚发展夜间旅游的重要性、条件和存在的不足,提出了三亚市政府服务夜间旅游的优化建议措施,以期为推动三亚市夜间旅游的发展提供参考。     

Investment challenges in the hotel industry in Kigali,Rwanda: Hotel managers' perspectives

Developing countries today compete to attract foreign direct investment to their local hotel industry. Many have therefore already changed their policies on foreign investment in order to compete effectively. Recovering from the 1990s genocide, the Rwandan Government has created an environment conducive to investment, to attract both local and foreign investment finance. This paper discusses the tourism investment policy context in Rwanda. It describes a survey of Kigali hotel managers' perceptions and opinions on challenges for investment in the country's hotel industry. The survey found that the perceived weaknesses of investing in the hotel sector are closely related to problems faced by the Rwandan tourism sector in general, such as the perception that Rwanda is not a safe tourism destination, the lack of skilled labour in tourism services, the lack of finances in the form of loans to potential investors and the lack of adequate tourism infrastructure.     

Are ‘Albergo Diffuso’ and community-based tourism the answers to community development in South Africa?

Conventional mass tourism shortcomings have facilitated the origin of alternative forms of tourism such as community-based tourism (CBT). Lately, another form of tourism known as ‘Albergo Diffuso’ (AD) has also been mentioned as a possible strategy to revive depressed specific local contexts, such as townships, villages and small towns. This article’s aim is twofold: first to contextualise the concept of AD in the South African milieu and secondly to investigate the possible relationship and role that CBT and AD could have. In this context, specific characteristics and similarities between CBT and AD are explored. The article’s main contribution concerns the exploration of the AD concept as an alternative form of tourism related to local community development. This is the first time that this concept has been presented in a South African context.     

高校旅游管理专业实践教学改革研究

旅游管理是一门应用性很强的专业。针对实践实习中学生实习目的不明确、企业用人需求和实习计划有冲突,以及实践案例教学中教师随意选材、学生难以参与的问题,应紧随旅游市场潮流,加强实践教学力度;调整实践教学计划,创新实践教学模式;实施开放性实践教学。     

江西省休闲体育旅游资源分布及特征研究

随着江西省休闲体育旅游活动的不断升温,其休闲体育旅游资源的重要性亦愈加凸显。通过调查研究,发现江西省休闲体育旅游自然资源禀赋良好,人文资源也非常丰富,为江西省休闲体育旅游产业的发展奠定了良好的基础。由于诸多原因,江西省休闲体育旅游资源规划开发过程中还存在一定的不足,致使其休闲体育旅游产品不能满足人们的消费需求,从而制约了江西省休闲体育旅游产业的进一步发展。本文通过调查法、文献法等,对江西省休闲体育旅游资源禀赋、分布和特征等问题进行了深入探讨,并提出一些对策建议,旨在为江西省休闲体育旅游资源的进一步开发提供决策参考。     

对我国旅游市场“零团费”接待现象的探析

旅行社“零团费”接待最早出现于泰国,我国是上世纪90年代中后期开始出现并发展起来的,“零团费”接待是我国旅游市场过度竞争的产物,也危害了我国旅游市场秩序和旅游业健康发展。本文从旅游经济学的角度分析其实质以及产生的缘由,并在此基础上提出了几点建议。     

Local participation in transfrontier tourism: Case of Sengwe community in Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area,Zimbabwe

Transfrontier cross-border nature conservation has become a fashionable target in many parts of the world, including Southern Africa. Transfrontier conservation initiatives are considered to have great capacity for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development by providing employment and revenue opportunities for poor people and communities. However, many previous studies have indicated that in spite of expectations and rhetoric there is often rather minimal community awareness and participation in conservation management, tourism economy and related opportunities. This study aims to discuss local people’s perceptions of community participation, opportunities and constraints in sustainable transfrontier tourism in south-eastern Lowveld, Zimbabwe. The results based on community interviews show that the people are aware of the potential role of tourism in improving livelihoods. The major challenge, however, is to address how this can be turned into concrete benefits for households and communities.     

Integrated rural development programmes: A historical perspective

The pervasive poverty in rural areas has represented a continuing concern of national governments and development assistance agencies. One response to pervasive poverty has been the design of local institutions to enable rural communities to mobilize their own resources to generate growth and improve the quality of life. Programmes organized under the rubric of ‘community development’ were a major focus of development assistance during the 1950s and early 1960s. During the early 1970s concern about the distributional implications of economic growth again emerged as a major theme in development thought and development policy. This concern gave rise to two new development assistance approaches — ‘integrated rural development’ and ‘basic needs’ programmes. In this paper, I attempt to trace the development, accomplishments and limitations of the community development, integrated rural development and basic needs approaches.     

Participation's place in rural development: Seeking clarity through specificity

Over the past few years, development specialists have expressed increasing concern over the lack of progress in altering the plight of the rural poor. Towards this end they are shifting from the capital-investment growth models of the 1960s to the more people-centred basic- needs approaches that are increasingly dominating development thinking in the 1970s. In the process, they are turning to a number of related development strategies, one of the most important and least understood of which is ‘popular participation’. Increasing numbers of studies and activities are being undertaken to bolster government and donor capacity to promote participation in development programmes. Yet, with all these activities the disturbing fact is that there is little agreement on what participation is or on its basic dimensions. This article seeks to provide some order to the emergence of participatory concerns in the development literature, and to offer a carefully elaborated framework that clarifies the notion of ‘rural-development participation’ and make it applicable to total-development projects.     

入境旅游服务质量提升的模型再构——基于服务科学的研究

文章在概述研究构想的基础上,首先,收集和分析游客的旅游行为数据,并尝试从国外游客的角度,即换位思考的形式对旅游资源的魅力度和吸引度进行再评价;其次,运用制造业商品零件化生产和再组合理论,阐述为能够在短期内创造出具有魅力和丰富多彩内容的旅游服务而提升旅游商品质量的开发过程;最后,通过运用这种方法而制定出旅游计划方案并唤起人们的旅游需求。其宗旨就是积累有关游客主动参与型服务构成的科学见解,并更好地、有针对性地满足每一位游客的异质性和多样性,即个性化服务。     

From philanthropy to a different way of doing business: strategies and challenges in integrating pro-poor approaches into tourism business

Pro-poor tourism means managing a tourism business so that it makes business sense for the operator and at the same time benefits the poor. Based on the Pro-Poor Tourism Pilot Programme conducted in southern Africa, this article argues that ‘mainstream’ commercial tourism can do much to embrace pro-poor approaches. In particular, the tourism sector needs to go further in shifting from philanthropic approaches to pro-poor approaches that entail doing business differently, with more committed changes to strategy and business structures. The pilot programme case studies reveal a range of potential business benefits companies can achieve through pro-poor approaches, such as enhanced social licence to operate and increased brand recognition. They also show that implementing a pro-poor approach depends on the company's context and circumstances. Such a shift entails a number of challenges and companies need to commit to making the necessary effort.     

Local tourism value chain linkages as pro-poor tools for regional development in western Uganda

Building on the model of Meyer [(2007). Pro-Poor tourism: from leakages to linkages. A conceptual framework for creating linkages between the accommodation sector and ‘poor’ neighbouring communities. Current Issues in Tourism 10(6), 558–83], this paper focuses on the regional development potential of local linkages with the supply chain and community partnerships of established tourism businesses in western Uganda. Results show that supply-related inconsistencies of local produce undermine the existence of supply chain linkages with local farmers, and favour business linkages with local intermediary suppliers, dominantly shaping the regional development potential of supply chain linkages in western Uganda. Yet, this research found several ‘windows of opportunity’ for local suppliers to connect to the tourism value chain. Results on community partnerships suggest that most businesses do not move beyond the absolute minimum partnership intensity that is required to be able to strategically use for marketing purposes and obtain a unique selling proposition. Finally, our research exposes the complexity of locating responsibility among different stakeholders of the value chain in suggested paths for (regional) development.     

旅游法的实施对导游服务的影响分析

随着2013年十一黄金周《旅游法》的问世,它对旅游业的规范作用受到人们的普遍关注,尤其是对导游服务这块旅游行业的短板的影响。本文就旅游法实施后对导游服务的影响进行具体的剖析,对影响导游服务的因素进行整合归类,以总结出旅游法通过影响哪些因素而使得导游服务质量发生变化,从而明确旅游法对导游服务的规范作用以及存在的问题,为旅游业的可持续发展提供政策依据,并为政府进一步完善旅游法提出建议和改善策略,以促进导游服务的健康发展。     

旅游城市旅游房地产对居民住房的影响与发展路径

随着旅游城市旅游房地产市场的持续升温,对当地居民住房的影响日趋明显。文章根据旅游学和经济学的基本理论,分析旅游城市影响房地产业发展的多种因素,探讨旅游城市房地产业失衡的原因及发展路径,以期保障旅游城市居民住房需求,促进旅游业与旅游城市经济、社会的和谐可持续发展。     

贵州旅游产业定位与贵州经济发展研究

旅游业在第二次大战后随着现代旅游的崛起而获得高速发展,旅游业对各国经济乃至全球经济发展所起的作用也日益受到各国政府和人们的重视,其在国民经济中的产业地位也随之确立。贵州旅游产业定位对贵州经济的发展至关重要。本文对贵州旅游产业定位及其对贵州经济的发展进行了研究。     

Basic needs: The case of Sri Lanka

This article has two related objectives: to judge Sri Lanka's success in meeting its ‘basic needs’ and growth objectives, and to use Sri Lanka's experience to cast light on general hypotheses regarding basic needs. The analysis suggests that Sri Lanka's social expenditures had a substantial cost in growth and unemployment. However, largely because of these social programmes, it has the best social indicators, compared to its income, of any country for which data are available. Its growth has, surprisingly, been above average for low-income countries. Implications for basic-needs programmes include the need to ‘target’ social programmes, the high priority of primary education and the potential high impact, but also high costs, of assuring minimum caloric intakes.